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1636. HAEVAED UNIVEESITY. 1886. 



RECORD OF THE COMMEMORATION, \ 



November Fifth to Eighth, 1886, 



CtDO l^untjreti anD Jftftiet)^ ^nniiomm 



OF THE 



FOUNDING OF HARVARD COLLEGE. 



t' 







V 



CAMBRIDGE, N.E.: 
JOHN WILSON AND SON. 

SantiiJtsttg ^rrss, 
1887. 



The Court agree to give Four Hundred pounds towards a 
School or College, whereof two hundred pounds shall be paid the 
next year, and two hundred pounds when the work is finished, and 
the next Court to appoint where and what building. — Eecords 
OF A General Court of the Colony of Massachusetts Bay, 
October 28, 1636, 0. S. {Mv. 7, N. S.). 



November 15, 1886. — Voted, That Mr. Winsor, the Librarian 
of the University, be requested to edit for the University a volume 
containing a full account of the Proceedings at the Two Hundred 
and Fiftieth Anniversary of the Founding of Harvard College. — 
Kecords of the President and Fellows. 



CONTENTS. 



Page 

THE PREPARATION 11 

Officers of the Alumni Association 12 

Executive Committee 13 

Finance Committee 14 

CiKcuLAB, Sept. 1, 1886 15 

Committee on Music 17 

Anniversary Chorus 17 

General Information furnished 19 

LAW DAY (^Friday) 16 

Preparations 55 

Committees 56 

Law School Association 57 

Its Officers 58 

Committee of Arrangements 59 

Exercises in Sanders Theatre 60 

President Carter's Address 60 

Judge Holmes's Oration 65 

The Dinner 79 

Addresses by — 

President Carter 79 

Professor Langdell 84 

Hon. Samuel E. Sewall 89 

Hon. Thomas M. Cooley 92 

President Eliot 96 

General Alexander R. Lawton 99 

Hon. George O. Shattuck 105 

Mr. Frank W. Hackett 107 

Professor John C Gray 110 

Hon. E. R. Hoar 112 

Registration op Members 115 



8 CONTENTS. 

Page 

UNDERGRADUATES' DAY {Saturday) 19 

Boat Race 21 

Services in Sandeks Theatre 21 

Oration by F. E. E. Hamilton 123 

Poem by F. S. Palmer 132 

Address by E. J. Rich 135 

Ode by L. McK. Garrison 145 

Foot-ball Game 21 

Reception by President Eliot 22 

Cougratulatious of Cambridge University 22 

" of Emmanuel College 23 

" of the University of Edinburgh .... 24 

" of the University of Heidelberg 26 

Reunion of Graduates of the Lawrence Scientific School 26 

FOUNDATION DAY {Sunday) 30 

Morning Service 31 

Sermon by F. G. Peabody 149 

Symphony Concert 30, 31 

Evening Service 31 

Sermon by Phillips Brooks 171 

List of Ushers 32 

ALUMNI DAY {Monday) 32 

Procession 33 

Reception of President Cleveland 34 

Exercises in Sanders Theatre 35 

President Devens's Address 193 

Professor Lowell's Oration 194 

Dr. Holmes's Poem 237 

Conferring of Honorary Degrees 38 

Dinner in Memorial Hall 41 

President Devens's Address 250 

Speeches by — 

President Eliot 261 

Governor Robinson 263 

President Cleveland 267 

Hon. Robert C. Winthrop 271 

Professor Mandell Creighton 276 



CONTENTS. 9 

Page 

Dr. Charles Taylor 280 

Right Hon. Sir Lyon Playfuir 282 

President Timothy Dwight 285 

President James B. Augell 289 

Francis R. Rives 293 

Senator Hoar 295 

Professor Lowell 300 

Dr. Holmes 302 

Professor Gildersleeve 304. 

(Letter of Dr. R. D. Hitchcock) 304 

George William Curtis 309 

Alexander Agassiz 313 

Dr. Wier Mitchell . . . • 315 

Professor J. B. Thayer 319 

Services of the Chief Makshax and his Assistants 43 

List of Marshals 44 

Services op the Secretaries, the Finance Committee, the 

Bursar and Others , 44 

Reception in Hemenway Gymnasium 45 

tobchlight procession and fireworks 46 

Entertainment of Invited Guests 48 

Exhibition of Relics 50 

Oldest Graduates 51 

Registration of Graduates, Non-graduate Officers, and Guests 327 



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SKETCH OF THE COMMEMORATION. 



CI)e preparation anti proceetitngs, 

IN March, 1886, the Dh-ectors of the Association of the 
Alumni chose Col. Henry Lee Chief Marshal of a cele- 
bration to be held in commemoration of the founding of 
the College. The arranging for the jubilee fell in the first 
instance into his hands, in connection with the Executive 
Committee of the Association. A General Committee of 
Arrangements Avas then appointed to co-operate with the 
Executive Committee, including representatives of each Class 
from 1817 to 1886. Of this Committee Mr. Henry B. Rogers, 
of the Class of 1822, was made Chairman ; and the Secre- 
taries were Mr. Henry Parkman, of the Class of 1870, and 
Mr. JosiAH QuiNCY, of the Class of 1880. Mr. Rogers re- 
signing the chairmanship, Mr. William Gray, of the Class 
of 1829, was later chosen in his place. 

In considering the question of the number likely to attend, 
it was found that there were 4,600 living graduates of the 
College proper alone ; and of these there were 1,833 who 
had graduated within ten years ; 2,474, within fifteen years ; 
and 2,974, within twenty years. So that it appeared that 
almost two thirds of the whole number of Alumni had left 
College within twenty years, a large part of whom might be 
expected to come to Cambridge. There were also about 
1,000 undergraduates who would be on the spot. 



12 



SKETCH OF THE COMMEMORATION. 



On May 22 the Committee of Arrangements chose an Ex- 
ecutive Committee of nine. Col. Henry Lee, the Chief Mar- 
shal, was at a later day made its Chairman, — when also the 
Chairman of the Committee of Arrangements, Mr. Gray, and 
the President of the College were added to this Committee. 

The officers and committees of the Alumni who served 
during the celebration were accordingly as follows : — 

OFFICERS OF THE ALUMNI ASSOCIATION. 

Presidc'it. 
CHAKLES DEVENS. 



Directors 

SAMUEL A. GREEN. 
THEODORE LYMAN. 
HENRY S. RUSSELL. 

JAMES B 



ARTHUR LINCOLN. 
FRANCIS M. WELD. 
JOHN D. WASHBURN. 
THAYER. 



Treasurer. 
S. LOTHROP THORNDIKE. 





Secretary. 






HENRY PARKMAN. 




Committee of Arrangements. 


1817. 


George Bancroft. 


183L 


George C. Shattuck. 


1818. 


Sidney Bartlett. 


1832. 


Henry Wheatland. 


1820. 


William H. Eurness. 


1833. 


Morrill Wyman. 


1821. 


Ed-w^ard G. Loring. 


1834. 


Samuel M. Eelton. 


1822. 


Henry B. Rogers. 


1835. 


Ebenezer R. Hoar. 


1823. 


William Amory. 


1836. 


Henry Lee. 


1824. 


A. B. MuzzEY. 


1837. 


Charles Theodore Russell 


1825. 


Erederic H. Hedge. 


1838. 


Charles Devens. 


1826. 


Andrew P. Peabody. 


1839. 


Samuel Eliot. 


1827. 


Epes S. Dixwell. 


1840. 


William G. Russell. 


1828. 


Robert C. Winthrop. 


1841. 


Thomas W. Higginson. 


1829. 


William Gray. 


1842. 


Thornton K. Ware. 


1830. 


John 0. Sargent. 


1843. 


John Lowell. 



SKETCH OF THE COMMEMORATION. 



13 



1841. Levekett Saltonstall. 

1845. Manning F. Force. 

]84G. George F. Hoar. 

1847. William C Endicott. 

1848. Thomas Chase. 

1849. Charles R. Codman. 

1850. Joseph H. Thayek. 

1851. George O. Shattuck. 

1852. William G. Choate. 

1853. Arthur T. Lyman. 

1854. Edward D. Hayden. 

1855. Alexander Agassiz. 

1856. Charles Francis Adams, Jr. 

1857. John C. Ropes. 

1858. Edward G. Porter. 

1859. John C. Gray. 

1860. Edmund Wetmore. 

1861. Henry P. Bowditch. 

1862. Charles C Soule. 

1863. Charles C. Jackson. 

1864. Robert T. Lincoln. 

1865. Charles W. Clifford. 



1866. Edward W. Emerson. 

1867. Edward J. Lowell. 

1868. Leverett S. Tuckerman. 

1869. Henry W. Putnam, 

1870. Roger Wolcott. 

1871. Charles J. Bonaparte. 

1872. John F. Andrew. 

1873. Robert Grant, 

1874. Richard H. Dana. 

1875. Augustus Hemenway. 

1876. George Walton Green. 

1877. William Farnsworth. 

1878. Augustus P. Loring. 

1879. I. Tucker Burr, 

1880. JOSIAH QuiNCY. 

1881. Edw. D. Brandegee. 

1882. Evert J. Wendell. 

1883. Charles P. Curtis, Jr. 

1884. T. Jefferson Coolidge, Jr, 

1885. James J. Storrow, Jr. 

1886. Walter Phillips. 



Note. — The first appointments for the Classes of 1825 and 1835 were S. K. 
Lothrop and Amos A. Lawrence ; but those gentlemen died before the celebration 
took place. For the Class of 1848 the name of Henry Saltonstall was substituted 
for that of Mr. Chase, who chanced to be in Europe. 



EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE. 

Charles Devens President of the Alumni Association. 

Charles W. Eliot President of the Universiti/. 

William Gray Chairman Committee of Arrangements. 

Henry Lee. Edward G. Porter. 

Samuel Eliot. Arthur Lincoln. 

John C. Ropes. Henry W. Putnam. 

James J. Storrow, Jr. 

Henry Parkman, Josiah Quincy . , Secretaries. 
Henry Lee Chief Marshal. 



Note. — In the absence of President Devens, the Chief Marshal acted as 
Chairman, 



14 SKETCH OF THE COMMEMORATION. 

In June it was decided to extend the celebration over 
three days, November 6, 7, and 8 ; to invite Professor James 
Russell Lowell to deliver an address, and Dr. Oliver 
Wendell Holmes to read a poem. It was also determined 
to make the President of the Association of Alumni the 
presiding officer of the third or Alumni day, and that invita- 
tions to guests be sent out in the name of that Association, 
and by the President of that Association and the Chief 
Marshal, after consultation with the President of the College. 
The students of the College, at the request of the Executive 
Committee of the Alumni Association, prepared to participate 
in the celebration by the appointment of the following com- 
mittees of the three higher classes : — 

Class of 1887. Class of 1 888. Class of 1889. 

F. L. Snelling. M. H. Clyde. G. T. Keyes. 

F. E. E. Hamilton. C. F. Adams, 3d. T. Woodbury. 

F. S- CooLiDGE. F. B. Lund. 

Other details were arranged, and then, June 19, the Executive 
Committee of the General Committee of Arrangements was 
empowered to carry out the plans proposed. A Finance Com- 
mittee was appointed to provide the means, which Committee 
consisted of the following members : — 

Judge John Lowell, Chairman. 

Amos A. Lawrence. Charles C. Jacksox. 

George 0. Siiattuck. Roger Wolcott. 

Alexander Agassiz. Charles J. Bonaparte, Baltimore. 

Matthew F. Force, Cincinnati. John F. Andrew. 

Arthur T. Lyman. Augustus Hemenway. 

Robert T. Lincoln, Chicago. G. W. Green, New York. 

Francis M. Weld, New York. William Farnsworth. 

During July and August the committee were arranging 
details, and on September 1 the following circular was sent 
to every Alumnus whose address could be obtained : — 



SKETCH OF THE COMMEMORATION, 15 

Cambridge, Massachusetts, September 1, 1886. 

The Two Hundred and Fiftieth Anniversary of the Founda- 
tion of Harvard University will be celebrated on the 6th, 7th, 
and 8th days of November next. 

On Saturday the 6th, Undergraduates' Day, the Students of 
the University will celebrate the event by Literary Exercises in 
the morning, Athletic Sports in the afternoon, and a Torchlight 
Procession in the evening. 

On Sunday the 7th, Foundation Day, the anniversary of the 
passage by the General Court of the Colony of Massachusetts 
Bay of the memorable vote — 

" The Court agree to give Four Hundred Pouuds towards a School or 
College, whereof Two Hundred Pounds shall be paid the next year, and 
Two Hundred Pounds when the work is finished, and the next Court to 
appoint where and what building," — 

there will be Commemorative Exercises, under the direction of 
the College authorities, in Appleton Chapel, conducted in the 
morning by the Plummer Professor, Rev. Francis G. Peabody, 
and in the evening by the Eev. Phillips Brooks. On this day 
clerical graduates of the University are requested to refer, in 
their pulpits, if the circumstances permit, to this act of the in- 
fant colony and the benefits which have followed from it. 

On Monday, November the 8th, Alumni Day, the graduates of 
all Departments of the University and guests will meet in Massa- 
chusetts Hall, at 10 A.M., and proceed thence to Sanders Theatre, 
under escort of the undergraduates, where an address will be 
made by James Russell Lowell, LL.D., and a poem delivered 
by Oliver Wendell Holmes, LL.D., and honorary degrees will 
be conferred by the University. 

In the afternoon, the Association of the Alumni, composed of 
all graduates of the College, with their invited guests, will have 
a collation in Memorial Hall. 

It is suggested that the members of Harvard Clubs in the 
various cities of the United States who are unable to attend the 
celebration at Cambridge should commemorate the day. 

Tickets for the collation in Memorial Hall, at two dollars 
apiece, will be for sale on and after Tuesday, November 2, to 
graduates of the College, holders of honorary degrees from the 
University, and members of the Faculties of the Professional 



16 SKETCH OF THE COMMEMORATION. 

Schools and of the College, and may be obtained either on perso- 
nal application or by letter. No tickets will be reserved unless 
the price accompanies the order; and tickets ordered by letter 
will not be sent by mail, but will be reserved to be called for 
until half-past one p.m., on Monday, November 8. 

For the exercises on Monday morning in Sanders Theatre, 
the gallery, containing four hundred seats, will be reserved for 
ladies, and tickets at two dollars apiece can be obtained by grad- 
uates of the University in the same manner as tickets for the 
collation are obtained by graduates of the College ; but" not more 
than two tickets will be sold to any one Alumnus. 

Address, for tickets for ladies and for the collation, Allen 
Danfortii, Bursar, Cambridge, Mass. Office hours, 9 a.m. to 

1 P.M. 

It was found necessary in carrying out the purpose of the 
committee in respect to tickets to prescribe some rules not 
included in this circular, — among which was to allow hold- 
ers of honorary degrees the same rights as graduates in all 
cases, and to dispense with a charge for Sanders Theatre 
tickets for ladies, substituting therefor an assignment by 
lot, after some necessary reservations. 

Later in September a movement was completed among the 
past members of the Law School which resulted in a deter- 
mination to devote a fourth day, preceding the three days 
already designated, to a commemoration in connection with 
the law department of the University. The expected cere- 
monies were satisfactorily carried out on Friday the 5th, as 
described on a later page ; and as they were not an integral 
part of the celebration as planned by the Alumni of the Col- 
lege, further mention of it is omitted here. 

On October 13, it was determined by the Executive Com- 
mittee of the Alumni to put the direction of the music for 
Alumni Day in the hands of the Chief Marshal ; and in order 
to provide music for other days, a committee was appointed 
who organized the Anniversary Chorus. 



SKETCH OF THE COMMEMORATION. 



17 



COMMITTEE ON MUSIC. 

Henry Lee Higginson, Chairman. Arthur Foote. 

John Knowles Paine. Sigourney Butler. 

George Laurie Osgood. Samuel Atkins Eliot, Secretary. 

Warren Andrew Locke. Eugene Rodman Shippen. 



ANNIVERSARY CHORUS. 



First Tenors. 



1858. John Romans, M.D. 1879. 

1859. Daniel Fhancis Fitz. 1882. 
1859. Samuel Woods Langmaid, M.D. 1883. 
1864. Russell Nevins Bellows, A.M. 1883. 
1864. Jonathan Dorr, A.M. 1883. 

1864. Charles Coolidge Read, LL.B. 1885. 

1865. Horatio Greenough Curtis. 1886. 

1866. George Laurie Osgood. 1887. 
1869. Edward Bowditch. 1887. 
1869. Nathaniel Childs. 1388. 

1871. Francis Jackson. 1889. 

1872. Edward Gray, 1889. 

1873. Robert Wheeler Willson. 1889. 

1874. Arthur Lithgow Devens. 1890. 

1875. Henry White Broughton, M.D. 



Stephen Blake Wood. 
James Edward Weld, LL.B. 
Edward Twisleton Cabot, 
Percival James Eaton. 
Howard Lilienthal. 
Charles Carroll King. 
Johnston Morton. 
Byron Satterlee Hurlburt. 
Emery Herman Rogers. 
Fred Bates Lund. 
Gardner Cutting Bullard. 
Horace Delano Everett. 
John Douglas Merrill. 
Luther Davis. 



Second Tenors. 



1858. Charles Henry Learoyd, A.M. 1869, 

1859. James Schouler. 1871. 

1860. Stephen William Driver, M.D. 1871. 
1860. Henry George Spaulding. 1872, 
1862. Charles Burnham Porter, M.D. 1875. 

1862. Charles Pickard Ware. 1877. 

1863. Francis Alexander Marden. 1880. 

1866. William Paine Blake, LL.B. 1881. 

1867. Clement Kelsey Pay. 1882. 

1867. Francis Henry Lincoln. 1882. 

1868. Frank Izard Eustis, A.M. 1883. 



Francis Greenwood Peabody, A.M. 

Francis Merriam. 

George Richards Minot. 

Philip Sidney Stone. 

Vincent Yardley Bowditch, M.D. 

Sigourney Butler. 

Robert Bacon. 

Morris Hicky Morgan. 

James Williams Bowen. 

gustavus tuckerman. 

Joseph Dorr. 



18 



SKETCH OF THE COMMEMOKATIOK 



1883. CiiARLES Walter Gerould. 

1883. William Dunning Sullivan. 

1884. Samuel Atkins Eliot. 

1885. Edwin Howard. 

1885. William Warren Winslow. 

1886. Walter Howard Edgerly. 
1886. Charles Henry Minot. 



1887. George Austin Morrison. 

1887. Frederic Shurtleff Coolidge. 

1888. Franklin Greene Balck. 
1888. Henry Lowell Mason. 

1888. Charles Tilden Sempers. 

1889. Richard Clarke Cabot. 
18S9. Daniel Harry Clark. 



First Bass. 

1857. Ezra Dyer. 1880. 

1858. James Augustus Eumrill. 1880. 
1860. Horace John Hayden, A.M. 1883. 
1864. Marshall MuNROE Cutter. 18S3. 
1863. Robert Apthorp Boit. 1884. 

1871. Theodore Sutro, LL.B. 1884. 

1872. Albert Lamb Lincoln, LL.B. 1885. 
1874. John Woodford Farlow, M.D. 1886. 
1874. William Pearson Warner. 1886. 

1876. Emor Herbert Harding, LL.B. 1887. 

1877. Morris Gray, LL.B. 1887. 

1878. Louis Bailey Dean. 1888. 

1879. Alvah Crocker. 1888. 
1879. Louis Branch Harding. 



Francis Bowler Keene. 
Frederic Bound Hall. 
Marshall Henry Gushing. 
Charles Sumner Ha^ilin, LL.B. 
John Edward Howe. 
Thomas Mott Osborne. 
Henry Kirkland Swinscoe. 
Alan Gregory Mason. 
Crosby Church Whitman. 
William Sylvester Allen. 
William Edward Faulkner. 
LocKwooD Honore. 
Solomon Lewis Swarts. 



Second Bass. 

1858. Otis Putnam Abercrombie, LL.B. 1874. 

1860. Edwin Johnson Horton, A.M. 1876. 
1860. Oliver Fairfield Wadsworth, M.D. 1877. 

1862. Arthur Reed. 1877. 

1863. Francis Marsh. 1879. 

1864. Edwin Pliny Seaveb, A.M. 1880. 
1866. Amos Morse Leonard, A.M. 1881. 
1866. James Jackson Putnam, M.D. 1882. 
1866. Melvin Aug. Underwood, A.M. 1883. 
1868. Augustus George Bullock, A.M. 1883. 

1868. Edward Everett Sprague. 1885. 

1869. Nathaniel Smith. 1887. 

1870. Francis Walcott Robinson. 1888. 

1871. Albert Mallard Barnes. 1889. 
1871. Alfred Stackpole Dabnet. 1889. 
1871. Horace Appleton Lamb. 1889. 

1873. Edward Sherman Dodge. 1889. 

1874. George Oliver George Coale. 



Richard Henry Dana, LL.B. 

Francis Shalter Livingood. 
Gardner Swift Lamson. 
John Bertram Williams. 
Wilmot Townsend Cox, LL.B. 
John Lothrop Wakefield. 
William Gold Brinsmade. 
Charles Francis Mason. 
Sumner Coolidge. 
James Hamlet Bolt E.\ston. 
Donald Ellis White. 
Eugene Rodman Shippen. 
Charles Chollet. 
Herbert Henry Darling. 
Almon Danforth Hodges. 
WiLLARD Robert Kimball. 
Henry Dike Sleeper. 



SKETCH OF THE C0M:\JEM0RATI0X. 19 

The Executive Committee prepared a circular, wliicli cm- 
braced the following 

GENEKAL INFORMATION. 

Registration Room. — An office under the charge of Mr. George 
E. Nutter will be opened at No. 4 University Hall on Tuesday, 
the 2d of November, for the registration of names, the sale of 
tickets, the delivery of badges, and the communication of needed 
information as to the time and place and conditions of the suc- 
cessive ceremonies of the Festival ; and all graduates and invited 
guests of the University attending the celebration are requested 
to register their names, residences, and temporary addresses. 

A badge will be given at the Eegistration Eoom to every par- 
ticipant in the celebration. The badges will serve as means of 
identification, and are necessary to admit their wearers to the 
Oration in Sanders Theatre on Friday the 5th, to the Observatory 
and the Athletic Sports on the 6th, and to Appleton Chapel and 
Sanders Theatre on the 7th. 

Restaurant in Massachusetts Hall. — During the Festival a Res- 
taurant and Smoking-Room Avill be established in Massachusetts 
Hall for the entertainment of graduates and undergraduates of 
the University, and their friends. 

Museums. — The Museum of Comparative Zoology, the Pea- 
body Museum of American Archreology and Ethnology, and the 
Mineral Cabinet in Boylston Hall will be open on Friday, Satur- 
day, and Monday from 9 to 5 o'clock, and on Sunday from 
1 to 5 o'clock. The Botanic Garden will be open during the 
Anniversary. 

It also presented the Official programme for Saturday, 
NoTember 6, as follows : — 

UNDERGRADUATES' DAY. 

9.30 A.M. Boat Chih Scratch Races. \ mile course, (a) 
Upper class eight-oars, {b) Freshman eight-oars, (c) Single 
scull shells, (d) Single scull working-boats, or single canoes. 

11.30 A.M. Literary Exercises in Sanders Theatre, (a) Prayer 
by Rev. A. P. Peabody. {b) Oration by F. E. E. Hamilton, '87. 
(c) Poem by F. S. Palmer, '87. {d) Address to Undergraduates, 



20 SKETCH OF THE COMMEMORATION. 

E. J. EicH, '87. (e) Ode by L. McK. Garkison, '88. Music by 
the Glee Club and Pierian Sodality. 

The floor and lower gallery of the Theatre will be reserved 
for the Undergraduates. Tickets for seats in the upper gallery 
will be issued without charge to graduates ; and a limited num- 
ber of admission tickets will be distributed after the supply of 
reserved-seat tickets has been exhausted. Graduates may pro- 
cure tickets upon application at No. 4 -University Hall. Guests 
of the University will also be provided with reserved seats upon 
application at the same place. 

3 P.M. Chamxnonshiji Foot-Ball Game. Harvard v. Wesleyan. 
Jarvis Field. 

5 P.M. The President will receive any invited guests of the 
University who have reached Cambridge, at No, 5 University 
Hall. Members of the Academic Council are requested to be 
present. 

8 P.M. Marching of torchlight procession from Hemenway 
Gymnasium through Cambridge Street, Broadway, Quincy Street, 
Harvard Street, Prospect Street, Main Street, Quincy Street, 
Broadway, College Yard, Harvard Street, Harvard Square, Garden 
Street, Mason Street, Brattle Street, Craigie Street, Concord 
Avenue, Waterhouse Street, North Avenue, and Jarvis Street, to 
Holmes Field. 

9.30 P.M. Display of fireworks on Holmes Field. 

Former students of the Lawrence Scientific School will meet 
at the School building at 6.30 p.m. Lunch at 7 p.m. Tickets 
(price, $1.00) may be obtained of Prof. W. S. Chaplin, 16 Pres- 
cott Street, Cambridge, or of Mr. G. R. Nuttek at the Registration 
Room at No. 4 University Hall. Former students are requested 
as soon as they arrive to register at the School building, as well 
as at University 4. 

The Observatory will be open to visitors from 10 a.m. to 
5 P.M., when the instruments will be exhibited and their uses 
explained. The entrance to the grounds is on Garden Street. 

This programme was all carried out, except that a heavy 
rain, beginning in the afternoon and lasting through the 
evening, rendered necessary a postponement of the students' 



SKETCH OF THE COMMEMORATION. 21 

procession and fireworks. The evening was occupied with 
private receptions. 

There was a fog in the early morning, but it began to lift 
shortly after nine o'clock, and the races were rowed in the 
presence of a large number of spectators. The account in 
the " Daily Crimson " shows that of the Senior crews the 
winning one was composed of, — stroke, Adams '88 ; 7, Keyes 
'87 ; 6, Coolidge '87 ; 5, Davis '89 ; 4, Ayer '87 ; 3, Good- 
win '89 ; ^, Appleton '88 ; hoiu, Bowen '87 ; coxsioain, Morse 
'87. The winning eight of the Freshmen were, — stroke^ 
Crehore ; 7, Lothrop ; 6, E. Sturgis ; 5, Bcccher ; 4i Barnes ; 
3, Leonard ; 2, Pulsifer ; how, Darling ; coxswain, Brown '88. 
Of the single sculls, Taylor '90 was the winner. 

Shortly after eleven o'clock the four classes of Undergrad- 
uates met at their appointed places in the college yard, and 
forming in procession with the Seniors in advance, proceeded 
to Sanders Theatre. As the students entered the auditorium 
the Pierian Sodality began Mendelssohn's " Cornelius March," 
The students occupied, when seated, all parts of the theatre 
except the centre division of the first balcony, which was 
reserved for the officers of the college and for guests ; and 
the second gallery, which was filled with the graduates 
and with friends of the undergraduates. Mr. Winthrop 
Wetherbee, the Chairman of the Literary Committee of the 
students, presided. After a prayer by the Rev. Dr. Peabody, 
the other services went forward as given in detail on a later 
page, the intervals between the speaking being filled with a 
rendering of " Eichberg's National Hymn " by the Glee Club, 
and with the " Berceuse of Gounod-Brand " by the Pierian 
Sodality ; at the close of all, the whole audience stood and 
joined in singing the words of the ode which had just been 
read, to the tune of "Fair Harvard." 

The foot-ball game in the afternoon was played with vigor, 
but with some difficulty owing to the wet condition of the 
ground, while the ardor of the spectators was somewhat 



22 SKETCH OF THE COMMEMORATION. 

dampened by the steady rain which fell throughout and pre- 
vented the completion of the game, as darkness came on. 

In the afternoon at five o'clock President Eliot, assisted 
by the Faculties and officers of the various departments, re- 
ceived the invited guests in the Faculty room of the college 
in University Hall. It was an hour devoted to social con- 
Averse merely, the only formalities' being the presentation by 
Dr. Taylor of an address of Congratulation from the Univer- 
sity of Cambridge, England, and by Dr. Creighton of simi- 
lar felicitations from the authorities of Emmanuel College. 
The addresses of presentation were very brief, as were the 
responses of President Eliot. 

The documents presented were as follows : — 

Academia Cantahyngiensis Cantahrujlae Transatlantlcae 
salutem dicit plurimam : 

Quanta cum voluptate epistolam illam nuperiime accepimus, 
in qua Acaderaiae nobiscum et nomine et origine coniuuctissimae 
sacra saecularia celebraturi, etiam nostram Academiam sacris illis 
interesse voluistis. luvat profecto diem ilium faustum prope 
praesentem contemplari quem nuper illo die appropinquantem 
prospeximus quovestris ex aluranis unum, virum litterarura laude 
insignem, titulo nostro honorifico ornavimus. luvat Academiam 
illam cuius professores illustres iu senaculo nostro identidem 
salutavimus, ipsam litteris hi see vetera hospitii iura testantibus e 
longinquo saltern affari. ISTos certe temporis et spatii intervallo 
iniquo exclusi, et negotiis Academicis impediti, non possumus qua 
voluissemus frequentia ludos illos vestros praesentes celebrare. 
Unum tamen nostro e numero delegimus qui nostro omnium 
nomine nostras omnium gratulationes legatus ad vos perferat. 
Non alitor vosmetipsi (iuvat recordari) e professorum vestrorum 
ordine insigni virum eximium Collegium illud antiquum non ita 
pridem salutatum misistis, unde profectus unus ex alumnis no- 
stris, ducentesimo quinquagesimo abhinc anno, extra Britanniae 
terminos artiores Collegium primum illorum ad fructum condidit 
qui eadem ac nos utuntur lingua, eisdem ac nos litterarum monu- 
raentis antiquis gloriantur. Laetamur Academiam illam vestram 
quam velut filiam nostram non sine superbia contemplamur, ipsam 



SKETCH OF THE COMMEMORATION. 23 

tot Collegiis novis trans aequor Atlanticum quasi matrem exsti- 
tisse. Etenim flamma ilia prima quam conditor ille vester trans 
oceanum secum pertulit, e vobis usque ad ulterioris oceani fluctus 
transmissa, aliud ex alio culmeu igne novo deinceps accendit : — 

virepreXrjs re ttovtov ajcrre vwrLcrai. . . 
a6evovara Xa^Tras otiSeVw ixavpovyiivr]. . , 
■^yeipcv aX.Xr]v ckSot^t/v tto/xttoi) Trupoj. 

Facem illam doctrinae utinam fratribus nostris Transatlanticis 
diutissime praetendatis, locique nomen non minus nobis quam vobis 
carum, plurima in saecula indies illustrius reddatis. Valete. 
Datum Cantabrigiae 
pridie idus Octobres 

A.S. MDCCCLXXXVI. 

Collegium Ermnanuelis Uiiiversitatl Harvardianae S. P. D. : 

Aevi miliarii jam quarta pars decucurrit ex quo rei academicae 
transmarinae fundamenta posuit Harvardius ille, quern et ves- 
trum et nostrum communi pietate veneramur. Quod liac oblata 
occasione incunabula Academiae vestrae in memoriam revocaturi, 
et labores tot tantorumque hominum optime meritorum idoneis 
laudibus cumulaturi, nos quoque in gratulationis consortium 
vocastis, jucundissimo officio obstrictos nunc iterum nos habetis. 
Adhuc in omnium auribus resonat viri illius omni nomine lau- 
dandi facundia quem ad nos et sollemnia nostra ante duo hos 
annos legastis, cum Collegium Emmanuelis trium saeculorum 
jam emensorum memoriae litaret. Quo lubentius socium nostrum 
carissimum Mandellium Creigliton, quem vobis Clio sua jam antea 
commendaverat, salutis nuntium designavimus, ut paullisper unus 
vestrum fiat. 

Veteri ut dicitur Angliae, quo tempore vetustate sua pridem 
videbatur laborare, regnante Elisabetlia nova quaedam illuxerat 
inventus ; quae ne servitio aliunde ingravescenti succumberet 
fundator noster cum ipse senesceret providebat. Eodem fere 
consilio, neque ita niulto post, fundator vester intra juventam 
moribundus nascenti populo ingenitura esse scientiae divinae et 
liumanae studium doctrinamque et pari incremento in posterum 
maturari volebat. Siquidem vero fines cuique saeculo impositos 
vel prudentioribus excedere uou concessum est, fieri vix potuit ut 



24 SKETCH OF THE COMMEMORATION". 

quod fundatori utrique placuisset novitati condicionum sufficeret, 
verum ex primordiorum salubribus angustiis in exitus inopinatos 
quidem sed loeupletes numine quodam caelesti contigit dilatari. 

Neque patriae quidem nostrae neque Collegio finem operis jam- 
jam imminere sperare liceat. Vobis saltern indies amplior pate- 
scit campus, quo in excolendo ad vestros nee non etiam ad nostros 
largissima messis redundet. Stat sigillo vestro inscripta Veritas 
ilia cui iuservire virorum academicorum etsummalaus est et haud 
levis opera: vobis et veterem fovendam et exquirendam novam 
cum majorum vox turn hodierna rerum opportuuitas committumt 
Veritatem. Valete. 

Dahamus Cmitabrlffiae, 
die quinta Octohris 

MDCCCLXXXVI. 

Addresses, which follow, were also received from the uni- 
versities of Edinburgh and Heidelberg, but they were not 
formally presented : — 

To Harvard Universiti/, on the occasion of the Two Hundred, and 
Fiftieth Anniversarjj of her Foundation, Greeting from the Uni- 
versity of Edinburgh. 

To The Presidext, Fellows, and Associatiox of Alumni of the 
University of Harvard : 

On the auspicious occasion of the two hundred and fiftieth 
anniversary of the foundation of Harvard University, we the 
undersigned, on behalf of her elder Scottish sister, the University 
of Edinburgh, hereby convey our most hearty greetings and our 
sincerest wishes for her continued prosperity. Having with the 
deepest interest traced the history of the *' College of New 
Towne " from her birth in 1636 down to her full maturity as a 
university in 1886, we are profoundly impressed with her high 
merits and the world-wide influence she exercises in the domains 
of Philosophy, Science, and Literature. Conscious that our own 
as well as other universities have yet much to learn from the 
Founders, Patrons, and Professors of Harvard, we regard with ad- 
miration their wisdom, their munificence, and their public spirit; 
and we hope ere long to benefit by their noble example in the ex- 
tension and improvement of our own University system. 



SKETCH OF THE COMMEMORATION. 



9E 



Warmly sympathizing with the educational institutions of 
America, we have lately deemed it a high privilege to enroll sev- 
eral of their most famous representatives among our honorary 
graduates. Foremost among these we would mention His Excel- 
lency James Russell Lowell, delegate from Harvard University 
at our Tercentenary Festival, and Dr. Oliver Wendell Holmes, 
whose eloquence has recently delighted us and powerfully stimu- 
lated our academic life. With such representatives of Harvard 
University fresh in our memories, with their noble sentiments 
graven on our hearts, we the more cordially and earnestly wish 
their revered Alma Mater God-speed ! 

Eegretting deeply that we are unavoidably prevented from 
sending a delegate in person to participate in your Festival, we 
shall nevertheless be with you in spirit. 



John InGLIvS, Chancellor. 
W. Mum, Principal. 

Robert Flint, s. t. p. 
W. Y. Sellar, 

Litt. Hum. Prof. 

S. H. Butcher, 

Litt. Graec. Prof. 

A. Campbell Fraser, 

Log. and Met. Prof. 

A. R. Simpson, 

Medic. Obsiet. Prof. 

Douglas Maclagan, 

Med .-Forensis Prof. 
P. G. TaIT, Phil. Nat. Prof. 
G. ChRYSTAL, Prof. Math. 

Jas. Muirhead, 

Prof. Civ. Laxo. 

Thomas R. Fraser, 

Prof. Mat. Med. 
J. C. EwaRT, Prof . Nat. Hist. 

Thomas Annandale, 

Cl. Surg. Prof. 

Malcolm C. Taylor, 

Hist. Eccl. Prof. 



Julius Eggeling, 

Prof. Lit. Sanger. , Phil. Comp. 

Robert Wallace, 

Prof. Jgriculture. 
James GeikIE, ProfOeology. 
J. KlRKPATRICK, Hist. Prof. 

John Chiene, 

Prof of Surgery. 

H. Calderwood, 

Mor. Phil. Prof. 

Don MacKinnon, 

Litt. Celt. Prof. 

S. S. Laurie, 

Inst it. Educ. Prof. 

D. L. Adams, 

Linguar. Orient. Prof 

Norman Macpherson, 

Prof. Scots. Law. 

W. Rutherford, 

Instit. Med. Prof. 

J. Shield Nicholson, 

(Econ. Pol. Prof, 

Alex. Crum Brown, 

Chem. Prof. 
Wu. Turner, Anat. Prof. 



25th October, 1886. 



The Right Honorable Sir Lyon Playfair was subsequently 
authorized by telegram to represent the University of Edin- 
burgh. 



26 SKETCH OF THE COMMEMORATION". 

A telegraphic despatch from the Government of Italy ac- 
credited, as the representative of the Italian universities, Ro- 
dolpho Lanciani, Professor of Archagology in the University 
of Rome, Director of the Museo Urbano, and Director of the 
archasological excavations in Rome and in Italy. 

The following communication was also received from a uni- 
versity to whose five hundredth anniversary, celebrated during 
the past summer. Harvard University had sent a delegate, in 
the person of Dr. J. R. Chadwick of the Medical Department : 

Heidelbeug, den 12 Oktober, 1886. 
Der Harvard Universitlit sagen wir besten Dank fiir die Einla- 
dung zur Feier Hires zweihundert und fiinfzig jiihrigen Besteh- 
ens. Leider gestatten die Umstiinde nicht, Vertreter aus unserer 
Mitte zur personliclien Theilnahme an dem schonen Feste zu ent- 
senden, und so konuen wir nur auf diesem Wege unsern warmen 
Gefiihlen flir das Wolil und Gedeihen der stamm- und geistes ver- 
wandten Scbwester Ausdruck verleihen. Moge Ilir Bestehen in 
dem zweiten Jahrtausends Viertel ein ebenso gesegnetes seia 
wie in dem ersten, moge die Wirksamkeit entspreehend dem 
Aufbliihen Hires Laiides noch ausgedehnter werden, und moge 
insbesondere der Zusaramenhang zwisehen amerikanischer und 
deutscher Wissenschaft und Lehre in alle Zeit unwandelbar 
ausdauern und Frucht bringen. 

Prorector und Senat der Grossherzoglich BadiscJien Vniversitdt sm Heidelberg. 

T. Bekker. 

Another event of this day was the reunion of those who 
had been students of the Lawrence Scientific School. Nearly 
a month earlier (October 12) a few of the graduates of the 
Scliool, living in or near Cambridge, met to consider the pro- 
priety of bringing the graduates, the teachers, and the former 
students of the School together at the time of the Harvard 
celebration. It was decided that a reunion should be called, 
and a committee was appointed to make preparation for it. 
This reunion was held in the building of the Lawrence 
Scientific School. A business meeting took place in the 



SKETCH OF THE COMMEMORATION. 27 

afternoon in the Library of the School, which was called to 
order by Professor E. C. Pickering- ; Mr. Andrew McFarland 
Davis was appointed chairman, and Professor Albert R. Leeds 
secretary. Former members of the School were assembled 
in gratifying numbers, and the proposal that an Association 
of the alumni of the School should be formed met with gen- 
eral approval. Professor Simon Newcomb was elected presi- 
dent. Professor William M. Davis secretary, and Dr. Walter 
Faxon treasurer, of the Association ; and a committee, con- 
sisting of Professors Nathaniel S. Shaler and Edward C. 
Pickering and Mr. Samuel H. Scudder, was appointed to 
act with these officers in perfecting the organization of the 
Association. The present position and future prospects of 
the School were the subject of brief discussion, and Messrs. 
E. C. Pickering, F. W. Clarke, A. Agassiz, J. Trowbridge, 
A. McF. Davis, and W. S. Chaplin were constituted a com- 
mittee to report at a future meeting on the condition of the 
School and on the measures best adapted to increasing its 
prosperity. 

The meeting then adjourned to a supper served in an adja- 
cent lecture-room, and there spent the evening in informal 
discussion, in which a good number of those present took 
part. Mr. A. McF. Davis presided, and called on Professor 
Pickering, who opened the discussion and made a general 
statement of the questions to be considered. Professor 
Trowbridge advocated the establishment of fellowships for 
advanced students, and was ready to take a share in the 
accomplishment of this end. Professor Clarke desired that 
the alumni of the School should have the right to vote for 
the overseers who take part in its government, and thought 
that the Association could do good work in securing this 
franchise to its members. President Eliot explained the 
earlier conditions of the University which had led to the 
limitation of franchise in the election of overseers to the 
graduates of the college ; but as those conditions had now 



28 SKETCH OF THE COMMEMORATION. 

disappeared, he thought the limitation was no longer neces- 
sary and might be withdrawn. Other speakers agreed as to 
the importance of such a change in giving recognition to 
a department of the University whose graduates were per- 
haps of small number, but who were none the less interested 
in the management and the progress of the University on 
that account. The change in the relation of the College 
towards the School, from earlier to later years, was also 
dwelt upon by several speakers, who recognized therein the 
chief cause of the decrease in the number of students in the 
School ; but it was also contended that the expansion of sci- 
entific teaching in the College was in part an effect of the 
work done in the Scliool, which should be remembered to its 
credit. Professor Davis deprecated the suggestion that the 
School should be developed as a separate organization in 
the line of advanced studies, for it would then run parallel 
to the growing graduate department of the College, and would 
court a repetition of the decadence that it has already suf- 
fered alongside of the College itself. Dr. Bowditch regretted 
the late entrance into practical life made by men who passed 
four years in college and three years in a professional school, 
and hoped that the time devoted to these courses might be in 
some way abridged. 

Among others who addressed the meeting were Messrs. 
Brewer, Watson, Herschel, Hyatt, Niles, Drown, Perkins, 
Alden, and Chaplin. 

The following list of persons present is prepared from the 
registration book opened at the meeting. The names are 
placed in order of the year of graduation or of attendance at 
the School in the capacity of teacher or special student : — 

1853. CuAKLES L. PiERSON Boston. 

1854. William Augustus Brewer, Jr. . , . South Orange, N.J. 
" Andrew McF. Davis Cambridge. 

" JouN Taylor Gilman Nichols .... Cambridge. 

1855. Charles S. Homer, Jr New York. 



SKETCH OF THE COMMEMORATION. 29 

1856. Jose F. Carret Cambridge. 

1857. Alexander Agassiz Cambridge, 

" William Watson Boston. 

1858. Louis Arnold West Roxbury, Mass. 

" Frank W. Preston Kew Ipswich, N.H. 

1860. James F. Babcock Boston. 

'• Clemens Herschel Holyoke, Mass. 

" Edward S. Morse Salem, Mass. 

1861. EoBERDEAU BucHANAN Washington, D.C. 

1862. Charles W. Eliot Cambridge. 

" Alpheus Hyatt Cambridge. 

" Frederick W. Putnam Cambridge. 

" Andrew Robeson Brookline, Mass. 

" Samuel H. Scudder Cambridge. 

'• Nathaniel S. Shaler Cambridge. 

1863. John Goddard Stearns Brookline. 

1864. Edwin A. Hildreth Harvard, Mass. 

1865. Thomas M. Drown Boston. 

Charles Dudley Lamson Boston. 

William H. Niles Cambridge. 

Maurice Perkins Schenectady. 

Edward C. Pickering Cambridge. 

John Trowbridge Cambridge. 

1866. Stephen P. Shakples Cambridge. 

1867. Francis W. Clarke Washington, D.C. 

1868. George Ira Alden Worcester, Mass. 

" Dalton Fallon Boston. 

" William J. Knowlton Boston. 

" Edward R. Taylor Cleveland, O. 

1869. William M. Davis Cambridge. 

" Albert R. Leeds Hobokeu, N.J. 

" Arthur C. Walworth Newton Centre, Mass. 

" WiNFiELD S. Chaplin Cambridge. 

1871. Thomas M. Chatard Washington, D.C. 

" Charles E. Munroe Newport, R.I. 

1872. A. F. NoYEs Aubunidale. 

1875. Francis W. Dean Cambridge. 

" John B. Marcou Washington, D.C. 

1876. Seth Perkins Boston. 

" Edward D. Thayer Worcester, Mass. 

1877. William C. Hodgkins Washington, D.C. 

1878. James H. Stebbins, Jr New York. 

1881. Robert Swift Boston. 

1884. William F. Booth Poughkeepsie, N.Y. 

" Robert Tracy Jackson Boston. 

1886. James E. Humphrey North Weymouth, Mass. 



30 SKETCH OF THE COMMEMORATION. 

The official programme for Sunday, the third day, read as 
follows : — 

FOUNDATION DAY. 

On the 7th of November, 1636, the General Court of the Col- 
ony of Massachusetts Bay passed the following vote : — 

" The Court agree to give Four Hundred Pounds towards a School or 
College, whereof Two hundred Pounds shall be paid the next year, and 
Two Hund]-ed Pounds when the Work is finished, and the next Court to 
appoint where and what building." 

There will be commemorative services in Appleton Chapel at 
10.30 A.M. and 7.30 p.m. 

The morning service will be conducted by President Dwight 
of Yale College, and Prof. C. C. Everett, Dean of the Harvard 
Faculty of Divinity. The Plummer Professor, Kev. Fkancis G. 
PEABODY.will preach the sermon. 

The evening service will be conducted by President McCosh 
of Princeton, and Prof. Prancis G. Peabody. The Eev. Phil- 
lips Brooks, D.D., will preach the sermon. 

At both these services the music will be sung by the Anniver- 
sary Chorus of Graduates. 

At each service the entire Chapel will be reserved until ten 
minutes before the hour for guests, graduates, and officers of the 
University, who will be admitted at the south side-door on show- 
ing their badges. Each gentleman may be accompanied by one 
lady. 

At 10.20 and 7.20 the north side-door will be opened to admit 
undergraduates of the University. At 10.25 and 7.25 the front 
doors will be opened to admit the public. 

The Boston Symphony Orchestra will play the following 
music in Sanders Theatre at 4 p.m.: — 

OvEKTUKE ("Leonora") Beethoven. 

Toccata Bach. 

Largo Haendel. 

Symphony No. 4 Beethoven. 

Section D of the lower gallery will be reserved for the invited 
guests of the University until ten minutes before four o'clock. 
Graduates of the University wearing Badges will be admitted to 



SKETCH OF THE COMMEMORATION. 31 

the rest of the theatre until ten minutes before four o'clock. 
Each gentleman may be accompanied by one lady. At five 
minutes before four o'clock the doors will be opened to the 
public, if any room remains. 

The day was clear. The crowd of expectant auditors filled 
Appleton Chapel at the given hour, and the services in the 
morning were begun by a prelude on the organ by Mr. Locke, 
the college organist ; and this was followed by the usual Latin 
commemoration hymn (the words by Prof. J. B. Greenough), 
sung by the Anniversary Chorus. The Rev. Dr. Charles 
Carroll Everett next read from the reading desk, while the 
audience joined in alternation, the first fifteen verses of the 
One Hundred and Fifth Psalm. The Gloria " We Praise 
Thee, God," followed, when Dr. Everett read from the first 
chapter of Genesis and from the first book of Kings. The 
great chorus next rendered the " Exaudivit Dominus." From 
the pulpit President D wight of Yale University read passages 
from the New Testament, and concluded with a prayer. The 
choir next sang the " Integer Vitse," and afterward, with the 
audience joining, a hymn from the Chapel hymn-book. 

The sermon by Prof. Francis G. Peabody followed, and 
after the " Sanctus " of Gounod by the chorus, and the sing- 
ing of the fifty-fifth hymn, the morning service was closed. 

The Symphony Concert in Sanders Theatre in the after- 
noon was conducted before an audience which completely 
filled the auditorium. 

The evening service in Appleton Chapel began with the 
hymn " Machet die Thore weit," rendered by the Anniversary 
Chorus. The Rev. Prof. Francis G. Peabody then read the 
One Hundred and Forty-third Psalm ; and then came the 
anthem, "All Glory, Laud, and Honor!" A graduate quar- 
tet consisting of Dr. S. W. Langmaid (Class of 1859), 
George L. Osgood (1866), G. S. Lamson (1877), and A. M. 
Barnes (1871) now sang " Into the Silent Land," to music writ- 
ten for the occasion by Mr. Arthur Foote. Luther's Hymn, 



32 SKETCH OF THE COMMEMORATION. 

" A Mighty Fortress," came next ; and then followed the 
sermon by the Rev. Phillips Brooks, D.D. After this the 
" Sanctus," written for the occasion by Mr. Osgood, was sung 
by the choir ; and the services closed with the audience join- 
ing in singing the two hundred and fifteenth hymn of the 
Cliapel hymn-book. 

The following gentlemen served as ushers for the three 
Sunday gatherings : — 

SENIORS. 
Eugene Rodman Shippen, Chief Usher. 
Frederic Shurtleff Coolidge. Henry Wilder Keyes. 
William Endicott, 3d. Augustus Neal Rantoul. 

James Marsh Jackson. Stephen Berrien Stanton. 

Roger Wolcott Keep. Winthrop Wetherbee. 

JUNIORS. 

Franklin Greene Balch. Lockwoqd Honore. 

Arthur Pierce Butler. Henry Lowell Mason. 

James Mott Hallowell. 

The official programme for the last day, Monday, Novem- 
ber 8, was as follows : — 

ALUMNI DAY. 

The graduates of all departments of the University, and all 
gentlemen specially invited to be present, will assemble at Gore 
Hall, and at 9.30 a.m. will proceed to Sanders Theatre, where an 
Address will be made by James Russell Lowell, LL.D., and 
a Poem delivered by Oliver Wendell Holmes, LL.D., after 
which Honorary Degrees will be conferred by the President of 
the University. 

The business of the day renders an early start imperative, and 
all persons concerned are urged to he punctual. 

The upper gallery of Sanders Theatre will be reserved for ladies 
having tickets. They will be received at the south door from 
9.30 to 10.15 A.M. and no later. 

At 2 P.M. the members of the Association of the Alumni, to- 
gether with their invited guests, will form in procession at Gore 



SKETCH OF THE COMMEMORATION". 33 

Hall, and march to Memorial Hall to partake of a Collation and 
listen to brief addresses. 

Tickets for the Collation in the Dining Hall at two dollars 
apiece will be for sale at the Registration Room, No. 4 University 
Hall, on and after Tuesday the 2d of JS^'ovember, to graduates of 
the College, holders of Honorary Degrees from the University, 
and members of the Faculties of the College, and of the Profes- 
sional Schools ; and they may be obtained, until the supply is ex- 
hausted, on personal application, or secured by letter enclosing 
the price of the ticket. Tickets ordered by letter will be reserved 
until 1.30 P.M. on Monday, November 8, and must be called for 
by the applicant in person. 

For the accommodation of gentlemen entitled to buy tickets 
for the Collation who apply for them after the supply is ex- 
hausted, a lunch will be provided in the Hemenway Gymnasium 
at 2 P.M., tickets for which, at fifty cents apiece, can be obtained 
at the Registration Room. After the procession has entered the 
Dining Hall, the east and west galleries will be opened to gen- 
tlemen wearing badges who were entitled to buy tickets for the 
Collation. 

From 8 until 11 o'clock p.m. a reception will be given by the 
Faculties of the University, in the Hemenway Gymnasium, to 
the graduates and invited guests of the University. Each gradu- 
ate is entitled to a card of admission, which can be obtained in 
University Hall No. 4, after he has registered. A card will 
admit one gentleman with ladies. The entrance will be by the 
south door, and the exit by the west door. 

The Alumni, as having charge of the fourth day of the cele- 
bration, which was of the most general interest, were favored 
with good weather. By nine o'clock the crowd within tlie 
college yard was very large, mainly of graduates, meeting 
often after long intervals, and extending congratulations one 
to the other. It was estimated that the procession, marching 
by twos, would extend from a half to three quarters of a mile ; 
and in order to form the line within the college yard three 
sections were made of it, so that the guests and officers, with 
the older graduates (1811-1849), were formed in Gore Hall, 
the graduates of later years (1850-1879) in or near Sever 

3 



34 SKETCH OF THE COMMEMORATION. 

Hall, and the younger men (1880-1886) on the path from 
Cambridge Street to Gore Hall. The several sections of the 
procession were gathered in their respective places, and all 
waited for the arrival of the President of the United States. 
It was not till a few minutes after ten o'clock that the band 
of his escort was heard ; and presently the mounted lancers 
appeared, followed by the President's carriage, which moved 
along between crowds of cheering spectators. The escort 
formed about the main entrance to the yard, and the way 
within being cleared, tlie carriage of the President, drawn by 
four white horses, entered the gate. At the same instant the 
bell in the opposite meeting-house began to ring, and the bat- 
teries arranged on the Common answered with continued 
salvos. As the carriage passed through the crowd of under- 
graduates, ranged in lines on either side, its progress was 
marked by the exuberant rah-rah-rahs of the students. On 
reaching Gore Hall, where the head of the procession was 
formed, President Cleveland was received by the Chief Mar- 
shal, who introduced him to the President of the University, 
and almost immediately gave him his allotted place in the 
line. The marcli through and around the yard then began, 
each division falling into line, till the whole procession was 
stretched out in this order: — 

Band. 

Chief Marshal and Aids. 

President of the Association of the Alumni. 

Orator and Poet of the Day. 

Chaplains of the Day. 

President and Fellows of Harvard College. 

The Honorable and Reverend the Overseers. 

His Excellency, the Governor of the Commonwealth, and the 

President of the United States. 

The Governor's Aids. 

Members of the President's Suite. 

United States Senators from Massachusetts. 

His Honor the Lieutenant-Governor and the Adjutant- General. 

President of the State Senate, and Speaker of the House of Representatives. 

Secretary of the State Board of Education. 



SKETCH OF THE COMMEMORATION. 35 

Their Honors the Mayors of the City of Cambridge and of the City of 

Boston, preceded by the Sheriffs of Middlesex and Suffolk. 

Delegates from other Institutions of Learning. 

Other invited Guests of the University. 

Professors and Assistant Professors of the College Faculty. 

Faculty of Divinity, Faculty of Law. 

Faculties of Medicine, Dental Medicine, and Veterinary Medicine. 

Faculties of the Scientific Departments. 

Other Officers of Instruction and Government in the University. 

Professors of other Colleges and Universities. 

Holders of Honorary Degrees from the University. 

Pastors of the Churches of the six neighboring Towns of 1G42. 

Committee of Arrangements. 

Alumni of Harvard College, and Graduates of the Professional Schools 

of the same Year of Graduation. 



The upper gallery of Sanders Theatre had been thrown 
open to ladies having tickets, at half-past nine o'clock, and 
before ten was filled, except one range of seats in the middle- 
front. In a few minutes Colonel Stearns and Colonel Walker 
of the Governor's staff — the President of the United States 
and his suite having been the guests of the State of Massa- 
chusetts while in Boston — entered, escorting Mrs. Cleveland 
to the central seat, which she took with the wife of the Secre- 
tary of War and the wife of the Mayor of Boston on her right, 
and on her left the wife of the President of the University and 
the wife of the Governor. The assembled ladies greeted their 
arrival with applause and the fluttering of handkerchiefs. 

In due time the head of the procession reached the hall, 
and was distributed quietly but promptly by the marshals, 
till every available seat and standing-place was occupied. 

It appearing that there were 4,500 living alumni of the col- 
lege, and about 3,500 of the professional schools, who were 
not also graduates of the college, or in all about 8,000 persons 
entitled to attend the celebration, to say nothing of invited 
guests and the ladies, it was a perplexing problem from the 
start, inasmuch as the season precluded the use of a tent, how 
many Sanders Theatre could contain, which at an outside limit 



36 SKETCH OF THE COMMEMORATION. 

and filling every unoccupied spot with a standing auditor was 
not capable of accommodating more than from twenty-six to 
twenty-seven hundred persons. It finally proved that under 
the careful provisions of the Chief Marshal, after taking out 
442 seats for ladies in the second gallery, the entire proces- 
sion succeeded in entering the hall, making an audience in 
the mass, as well as could be counted, of about 2,500 persons ; 
and as this number corresponds with the estimates upon which 
the arrangements were based, it is probable that the same 
calculations reveal the way in which this 2,500 were made up, 
namely, — 

Graduates of the College from 1811 to 1849 . . 200 

From 1850 to 1879 1,000 

From 1880 to 1886 . 600 

Guests, faculties, and officials 300 

Graduates of Schools (not alumni) . . . . . 400 

Total 2,500 

The President and Fellows of the University occupied 
their accustomed seats in the rear of the stage. In front of 
them sat the Chief Marshal and the President of the Associa- 
tion of the Alumni. A space was left vacant in their imme- 
diate front about the desk. On the left of the stage, as the 
audience faced it, occupying a seat next to the edge, sat 
President Cleveland, adjoining him the Governor, then the 
Lieutenant-Governor, the President of the Board of Overseers, 
and the Orator. In the seats on the right of the desk facing 
the others, sat President Dwight of Yale University, Ex-Presi- 
dent Hopkins of Williams College, Professor Dana of Yale, 
and Professor Leidy of the University of Pennsylvania, and. 
beyond them the Poet. Behind these rows, on either side, 
the other guests of the University were given each his pre- 
determined seat ; and behind them, on the extreme parts 
of the stage, the Overseers took places on the left, and the 



SKETCH OF THE COMMEMORATION. 37 

Faculties of the University in their gowns on the right. The 
professors wore also the Oxford cap for the first time for 
many years. 

It was a little after eleven o'clock when the sheriff of Mid- 
dlesex, according to an ancient custom, called the assembly 
to order. The President of the day, Judge Devens, then 
stepped to the desk and made a brief speech of coligratu- 
lation. His welcome to the President of the United States 
was followed by prolonged cheers and applause, during which 
President Cleveland rose and repeatedly bowed to the assem- 
bly. Judge Devens closed by calling upon Professor F. G. 
Peabody to offer prayer, and during the invocation the audi- 
ence stood. 

The chorus stationed in the gallery over the stage then 
sang Gounod's " Domine Salvam Fac." 

Judge Devens now advanced and welcomed the Orator to 
the desk, but said nothing, nor could Mr. Lowell say any- 
thing, for the continued applause which kept him standing 
and bowing till the audience seemed at last satisfied with the 
ovation which was given this eminent graduate and professor 
of the College. He wore the academic gown of his position ; 
and when he was allowed to begin, he spoke with a quiet de- 
liberation which characterized his delivery throughout. He 
was frequently interrupted by applause, particularly when he 
made reference to the President of the University, and to the 
representative of Emmanuel College ; and at the close of his 
oration, when he took his seat it was amid the most enthusi- 
astic and long-continued demonstrations of approval, which 
followed upon his reference to the President of the United 
States. 

The Anniversary Chorus in the gallery now sang " The 
Heavens proclaim Him," to Beethoven's music, after which 
Dr. Holmes was given his place at the desk by the presiding 
officer in the same silent manner. The Poet wore the black 
gown with red facings, which was the distinctive dress of the 



38 SKETCH OF THE COMMEMORATION. 

medical Faculty. Dr. Holmes was frequently interrupted by 
applause, as the Orator had been, and sat down amid a re- 
newal of these expressions of approbation and honor. 

After the Chorus had given Luther's hymn, " A Mighty 
Fortress is our God," an expectant silence came upon the 
assembly. President Eliot then advanced from behind the 
bar where the Corporation sat, and taking seat in the ancient 
chair of the Presidents said : — 

In the name of the University, by authority committed to 
me by the President and Fellows and the Board of Overseers, 
and in the favoring presence of the nation's Chief Magistrate 
and of all these applauding friends, I now proceed to confer 
the highest distinctions which it is in the power of univer- 
sities to give, upon the following men who have won for them- 
selves renown in letters, science, the learned professions, or 
the public service, and who have come hither to take part in 
this festival : — 

George Dexter Robinson, upright public servant, Governor of 
the beloved Commonwealth which founded, cherished, and 
still cherishes the University ; 

Lucius QuiNTius CuRTius Lamar, teacher, orator, legislator, 
administrator; 

George Frisbie Hoar, antiquarian, orator, jurist, senator from 
Massachusetts ; 

Charles Taylor, mathematician, Semitic scholar, master of St. 
John's College, delegate from the University of Cambridge ; 

Mandell Creighton, senior fellow of Emmanuel College, pro- 
fessor of ecclesiastical history in the University of Cambridge, 
canon of Worcester, delegate from John Harvard's College, 
Emmanuel ; 

The Right Honorable Sir Lyon Playfair, teacher of science, 
legislator, delegate from the University of Edinburgh ; 

Timothy Dwight, teacher, preacher, New Testament scholar. 
President of Yale University and its delegate ; 

Ezekiel Gilman Robinson, metaphysician, theologian, orator, 
teacher, President of Brown University and its delegate ; 



SKETCH OF THE COMMEMORATION. 39 

Joseph Leidy, anatomist, biologist, a leader and exemplar among 
American naturalists, professor of anatomy in the University 
of Pennsylvania and its delegate ; 

Charles Kendall Adams, historical author and teacher, long 
professor of history in the University of Michigan, now Presi- 
dent of Cornell University and its delegate ; 

Mark Hopkins, professor of moral and intellectual philosophy 
in Williams College, author in ethics and philosophy, guide, 
friend, and teacher for two generations of students ; 

Frederic Henry Hedge, theologian, teacher of ecclesiastical 
history, master of German literature and of English style, 
orator ; 

Edwards Amasa Park, professor of Christian theology in An- 
dover Seminary, preacher, master of Congregational polity, 
theological veteran ; 

William Seymour Tyler, professor of Greek in Amherst Col- 
lege, student of philology, exponent of the humanities ; 

Jonathan Ingersoll Bowditch, patron of science, and espe- 
cially of astronomical research, giver and inciter to giving, 
public-spirited citizen ; 

Edward Elbridge Salisbury, long professor of Arabic and 
Sanskrit in Yale University, pioneer among American scholars 
in these departments ; 

Charles Deane, antiquary and historian, a master among stu- 
dents of American history ; 

James Dwight Dana, professor of geology and mineralogy in 
Yale University, specialist and philosopher, author and 
teacher, leader and exemplar among American men of 
science ; 

James Hall, director of the New York State Geological Cabinet, 
geologist and Nestor of American palaeontologists ; 

RoswELL Dwight Hitchcock, theologian, professor of ecclesi- 
astical history, President of the Union Theological Seminary 
of New York ; 

Henry Drisler, professor of Greek in Columbia College, lexi- 
cographer ; 

Lincoln Flagg Brigham, jurist, chief justice of the Superior 
Court of Massachusetts ; 

Thomas McIntyre Cooley, professor of law in the University 
of Michigan, judge, jurist, author, and teacher; 



40 SKETCH OF THE COMMEMORATION. 

Spencer Fullerton Baird, secretary of the Smithsonian Insti- 
tution, director of the National Museum, United States fish 
commissioner, promoter of zoological science; 

Basil Lanneau Gildersleeve, professor of Greek in Johns 
Hopkins University, editor, author, philologist; 

Asaph Hall, professor of mathematics in tlie United States 
Navy, mathematician, and astronomer ; 

Silas Weir Mitchell, physician, physiologist, author ; 

Henry Larcom Abbot, colonel of United States engineers, 
military engineer, mathematician and physicist, author and 
teacher ; 

George Jarvis Brush, professor of mineralogy and metallurgy 
in Yale University, chief officer of the Sheffield Scientific 
School, mineralogist ; 

Samuel Pierpont Langley, director of the Observatory at 
Allegheny City, mathematician, astronomer, and physicist ; 

John Wesley Powell, director of the United States geological 
survey, soldier, geologist, administrator; 

Walbridge Abner Field, jurist, justice of the Supreme Court 
of Massachusetts ; 

John Shaw Billings, surgeon in the United States army, stu- 
dent and teacher of public medicine, medical bibliographer ; 

RoDOLFO Lanciani, profcssor of archaeology in the University of 
Rome, director of excavations for the government and the city 
and of the Museo Urbano, archaeologist, representative of the 
department of public instruction in Italy ; 

Othniel Charles Marsh, professor of palaeontology in Yale 
University, collector, investigator, and author in palaeon- 
tology ; — 

All these I create Doctors of Laws, and declare them en- 
titled to all the rights, honors, and privileges of that degree. 

William De Witt Hyde, student of philosophy and ethics, 
preacher, teacher. President of Bowdoin College and its 
delegate ; 

George Park Fisher, professor of ecclesiastical history in Yale 
University, historical student, teacher, and author ; 

Egbert Coffin Smyth, preacher, theologian, professor of ec- 
clesiastical history in the Audover Theological Seminary; 



SKETCH OF THE COMMEMORATION. 41 

Alexander Viets Gkiswold Allen, professor of ecclesiastical 
history in the Episcopal Theological School at Cambridge, 
historian of Christian doctrine ; — 

These I create Doctors of Divinity, and declare them en- 
titled to all the rights, honors, and privileges of that degree. 

By authority committed to me by the President and Fel- 
lows, and the Board of Overseers, I also confer the degree 
of Doctor of Laws upon the following distinguished men, who 
are prevented by distance or infirmity from attending this 
Festival : — 

Michel Eugene Chevreul, French chemist and physicist, born 

in 1786, and still in activity ; 
Theodore Dwight Woolsey, professor, college administrator, 

publicist ; 
John Greenleaf Whittier, poet. 

After the conferring of the degrees, the Rev. Prof. Andrew 
Preston Peabody pronounced the benediction. The audience 
then dispersed. 

The delay in the early part of the day, with the unexpected 
length of the exercises in Sanders Theatre, shortened the 
interval between the close of the ceremonies in Sanders 
Theatre and the reforming of the procession at Gore Hall ; 
so that it was three o'clock instead of two, as planned, 
when the procession, moving by the shortest route, entered 
Memorial Hall, and began to fill the tables of the dining- 
hall. A contraction of the tables and the spaces between 
them allowed of 1,190 persons being seated, and a little 
before half-past three o'clock the tables were filled, and the 
doors closed. 

Upon a dais extending along the northern side of the hall 
was the table of the President of the Association of the 
Alumni, with the guests and leading oJBicers of the Univer- 
sity. On his right was the President of the University, with 



42 SKETCH OF THE COMMEMORATION. 

President Dvvight of Yale, the foreign delegates, and others. 
On his left, the Governor of the Commonwealth, the Presi- 
dent of the United States and the gentlemen of the Cabinet 
accompanying him, with the Hon. Robert C. Winthrop, the 
Orator and Poet, and others. The Rev. Dr. McKenzie was 
called upon to say grace, after which the repast went on. It 
was later interrupted by the entrance into the gallery of Mrs. 
Eliot, escorted by two marshals, and accompanied by Mrs. 
Cleveland and the ladies of her party, who came from the 
house of President Eliot, where a lunch following the services 
in Sanders Theatre had been given to Mrs. Cleveland and the 
ladies accompanying her. The entrance of this party into 
the gallery was the signal for applause and cheers from the 
occupants of the tables below, who all rose simultaneously 
as soon as the visitors were recognized. 

A little later a rap brought the assembly to order, and 
President Devens opened the exercises with a speech, which 
with those that followed are given on a later page. There 
was music at intervals by a band in the western gallery, and 
twice the company joined in singing, — first the Hundredth 
Psalm, and next the familiar " Fair Harvard." The en- 
thusiasm of the hour rose highest when Governor Robinson 
in his speech referred to President Cleveland, and when 
that distinguished guest rose to respond to a sentiment in 
his honor. 

Shortly after his address. President Cleveland with his 
Cabinet being about to leave, — as engagements made for 
him in Boston required his return to that city, — President 
Devens presented to the company, with a few words of recog- 
nition in each case, the distinguished gentlemen accompanying 
Mr. Cleveland; but there was no time for them to do more 
than bow in acknowledgment of the cheers which greeted 
their names. Mrs. Cleveland left the gallery at the same 
time ; and as she and her attending ladies passed out above, 
and as President Cleveland with the members of his Cabinet 



SKETCH OF THE COMMEMORATION. 43 

left the hall below, the same rapturous cheering was redoubled 
from every part of the hall. 

President Cleveland, conducted by the Chief Marshal and 
accompanied by Governor Robinson, was not readily recog- 
nized on emerging from the building, for it had become dark ; 
but loud and prolonged cheers soon announced that the recog- 
nition was made by the immense crowd which had lingered 
on the outside of the Hall. The President, whose departure 
was announced by renewed salutes from the guns on the 
common, was driven at once to Boston ; but Mrs. Cleveland 
was taken by Mrs. Eliot to her house, where for an hour 
or more the ladies of the invited guests and those of the 
families of officers of the University were presented to Mrs. 
Cleveland. 

At the close of the speaking in the dining-hall President 
Devens said : " Brethren, as we are about to adjourn, I desire 
to express the thanks of the Committee of Arrangements to 
the marshals. It has been pleasant to recognize in the list 
so many names honored in the history of the University ; and 
especially we desire to remember the Chief Marshal [applause 
and shouts], in whose veins flows the blood of John Cotton 
and Governor Bradstreet and other Puritan worthies, and you 
will agree with me that he has not lost any of the Puritan 
energy or spirit. I propose three cheers for Colonel Lee," 
The cheers were enthusiastically given, and the great com- 
pany dispersed. 

At this point that part of the celebration specially intrusted 
to the direction of the Alumni closed. 

The management of the day had fortunately been committed 
to good hands. The Chief Marshal, Henry Lee, had so care- 
fully considered the elements which he was to combine, and 
had so weighed the chances, — in which the weather was not 
an unimportant factor, — that the results justified his plans. 
He was assisted by the following marshals : — 



44 SKETCH OF THE COMMEMORATION. 

Charles Folsom Walcott, '57. Charles Howland Russell, 72. 

A. J. C. SowDON, '57. Alfred Dwight Foster, '73. 

Alfred Stedman Hartwell, '58. Wendell Goodwin, '74. 

Charles Fairchild, '58. Henry Lee Morse, '74. 

William Willard Swan, '59. Robert Hallowell Gardiner, *76. 

Henry Sturgis Russell, 'GO. Elliot Cabot Lee, '76. 

Thomas Sherwin, '60. Sigourney Butler, '77. 

Norwood Penrose Hallowell, '61. Stephen Bullard, '78. 

Arthur Amory, '62. Richard Middlecott Saltonstall, '80. 

Francis Lee Higginson, '03. Henry Bainbridge Chapin, '80. 

John Winthrop, '63. Robert Bacon, '80. 

Charles Coolidge Read, '64. Gardiner Martin Lane, '81. 

Thomas Franklin Brownell, '65. Edward Williams Atkinson, '81. 

Thomas Nelson, '66. Owen Wister, '82. 

Samuel Hoar, '67. Edward Twisleton Cabot, '83. 

Charles Taylor Lovering, '68. William Henry Aspinwall, '83. 

Frederick Cheever Shattuck, '68. Samuel Atkins Eliot, '84. 

Francis Henry Appleton, '69. Thomas Mott Osborne, '84. 

George Richards Minot, '71. John Eliot Thayer, '85. 
George Caspar Adams, '86. 



Colonel Lee, November 10, addressing a letter to his mar- 
shals said : " You know, and I know, how much you had to 
do with the success of the day by carrying out my plans 
promptly and perfectly ; and I desire herein to record my 
hearty thanks to each and all of you." 

Mr. Henry Parkman, the chief secretary of the Executive 
Committee, and the Finance Committee, of which the treas- 
urer Charles C. Jackson, and his faithful helper William 
Farnsworth were the main instruments, did not fail in their 
important functions. The Finance Committee through the 
treasurer received altogether from class subscriptions the 
sum of 87,330.50 ; from collation tickets, $2,176, and from 
lunch tickets, $144.50, — making a total receipt of $9,651 ; 
and after paying expenses there was a small balance, which 
was paid into the treasury of the Alumni Association. 

The government of the University recorded their appre- 
ciation of the manner in which much of the detailed work 
in Cambridge was done, when at a later day they 



SKETCH OF THE COMMEMORATION. 45 

Voted, That the thanks of the President and Fellows be given 
to Allen Danforth, Bursar of the University, for the highly 
satisfactory manner in which he performed the large amount of 
work, quite outside of his regular functions, which was thrown 
upon him in connection with the recent celebration. 

The Committee of Arrangements held their last meeting 
Jan. 15, 1887, when they closed their labors, and voted to 
deposit their records among the University Archives in Gore 
Hall.i A committee, under the chairmanship of Mr. John C. 
Ropes, was directed to draft letters of thanks to be sent to all 
gentlemen whose countenance and endeavors had contributed 
to the successful progress of the celebration. These letters 
were duly sent ; and they included recognition of the services 
of the Orator, the Poet, the President of the Alumni, the 
President of the University, the Chief Marshal, Mr. Henry L. 
Higginson (who had generously borne the expense of the 
concert), the Bursar of the College (who had exercised a 
large control over the arrangements in Cambridge), the 
Mayor of Cambridge (who had furnished the police), Charles 
C. Jackson and William Farnsworth (who had carried the 
burden of the financial management), and the two secretaries 
of the Committee. 

During the early hours of the evening of the last day many 
of the alumni left Cambridge to attend reunions of their 
classes in Boston; but a large number remained to partake 
of the hospitalities of the combined Faculties of the Univer- 
sity, who were announced to receive the invited guests and 
the alumni at Hemenwa}^ Gymnasium. The guests came and 
went during the evening, and it was near midnight when 
this last of the festivities was over. This reception was in 
charge of a Committee consisting of Professors J. Lawrence 
Laughlin, James B. Greenough, John Trowbridge, James 
B. Thayer, and Henry P. Bowditch. 

1 They were received Feb. 5, 1887. 



46 SKETCH OF THE COMMEMORATION. 

Meanwhile the undergraduates, who had not been able be- 
cause of the rain to march with their torches and to display 
their fireworks on Saturday evening, were enjoying a post- 
poned merriment out of doors. 

Their procession started at about half-past eight, the Sen- 
iors leading, under the direction of H. W. Keyes, W. A. 
Brooks, and F. S. Coolidge, who were mounted as marshals. 
The class was dressed in long red gowns and black Oxford 
caps. They bore with them on a dray one of the cleverest 
bits of their pleasantry, — a model of the Harvard statue, sup- 
ported by the burlesque personations of a butcher, a cooper, 
and a grocer, in allusion to the father and two step-fathers of 
John Harvard, who successively left their little fortunes to 
his mother, whence the accumulated property in the main 
passed to John Harvard, who with the moiety of it endowed 
the infant college. The group was called " Johnnie Harvard's 
Pa's." Upon this and the other groups and decorations of 
the procession was thrown a flood of light from a profusion of 
Roman candles and other fireworks. An old printing-press 
was carried upon a wagon, and served by an Indian, in allu- 
sion to the printing of Eliot's Indian Bible at the College 
Press ; while two printer's devils, in red tights, with long 
tails, distributed little handbills, on one side of which was a 
fac-simile of the titlepage of the Indian Bible, and on the 
reverse these two stanzas : — 



By what means may a young man best 

His life learne to amend ? 
If that he make and keep God's word 

And therein his time spend. 

Psalm cxix. 

Ye Indians who receive the word, 

Come, read it one and all ; 
You '11 find it in ye Library 

In Master Gore his Hall. 

WowAUS, alias James Peintee. 



SKETCH OF THE COMMEMORATION. 47 

The representatives of the different college newspapers 
came next. Those of " The Crimson " were all dressed in 
the costume adopted by their class, but with a quill over the 
ear and scissors dangling at the belt as insignia of their edi- 
torial station. Those who represented " The Lampoon " were 
dressed as jesters, with cap and bells and bawbles. 

A squad of Puritans, with sugar-loaf hats and knee-breeches, 
came next ; and they gave at times a peculiar cheer. A small 
body of students imitating the old " Washington Corps," 
with blue swallow-tailed coats and white small-clothes, fol- 
lowed. The Juniors, with C. F. Adams 3d, J. W. Apple- 
ton, and C A. Porter as marshals, wore red coats with 
blue facings, buff vests crossed by blue belts, buff knee- 
breeches and black hose, and black and buff cocked-hats. 
With this class was a group of past benefactors and notables 
of the college, among whom were Sam Adams, Count Rum- 
ford, Boylston, Gore, Hollis, Stoughton, Holworthy, Flint, 
and Quincy, together with the solitary Indian graduate, Caleb 
Cheeshahteaumuck, of the class of 1665. 

A flambeaux corps led the Sophomores, who, under the 
direction of P. D. Trafford, J. T. Davis, and G. T. Keyes, fol- 
lowed, dressed as the " dudes of 1833," — a gray cutaway, 
plug hat, white vest, buff trousers, and white gaiters. 

Then came the Commencement Day Police, — a reminder 
of an organization of the early part of the century, — with 
false beards, clubs, and plug hats. 

An old-fashioned stage-coach, drawn by six horses, was 
filled inside and outside with a motley crowd, costumed in 
the dress of the middle of the last century. 

The Freshmen, marshalled by H. H. Hunnewell, Jr., 
Arthur Amory, and James P. Hutchinson, wore the blue 
regimentals of the Civil War. Amid their ranks came the 
Navy Club, — a recollection of the first years of the present 
century, when an association of such a kind was made up of 
the lazier men in the class, with the laziest of all as high 



48 SKETCH OF THE COMMEMORATION. 

admiral. This supreme sluggard lay on a red divan, dressed 
in an admiral's uniform. 

A colossal image of the Mott Haven Cup, drawn on a 
dray, supported by J. M. Hallowell of '88 and H. D. Hale of 
'88, came next. 

The Drum Corps of the Law School in policeman's uni- 
form, led by James A. Frye as drum-major, and " drumming 
for clients," as their transparency declared, preceded the stu- 
dents of that department, who, clad in the crimson gowns, 
the ermine and the wig of the English courts, were officered 
by Joseph Lee, H. B. Cabot, H. M. Williams, and R. D. Smith 
as marshals, and bore various transparencies of punning pro- 
clivities, as where " Circuity of Action " was represented by a 
corporal's arm around a trim maiden's waist. 

The procession was two hours on the march, and the streets 
through which it passed were aglow with lanterns and Bengal- 
lights. 

When reaching Jarvis Field there was a display of fire- 
works, principal among which was a representation of the 
statue of John Harvard, standing in the midst of a gorgeous 
temple. 

The provisions made for the entertainment of the invited 
guests of the University will appear from the following state- 
ments, included in the report of the Committee of the Aca- 
demic Council on Hospitality, — Professors John Williams 
White, William E. Byerly, and Frank W. Taussig. 

Guests. Hosts. 

President C. K. Adams {Cornell Univ.) . Mr. Winsor, the Librarian. 
President J. B. Angell ( Univ. of Michigan) " " 

President F. A. P. Barnard {Columbia 

College) Professor Laughlin. 

President S. C. Bartlett (Dartmouth 

College) . Professor Lyon. 

President J. W. Beach (Wesleyan Univ.) George Putnam, Esq. 
Dr. John S. Billings {Surgeon U. S. A.) Dr. H. P. Wolcott. 
President Ezra Brainard (Middlebury 

College) Professor Emerton. 



SKETCH OF THE COMMEMORATION. 49 

Quests. Hosts. 

Professor George J. Brush (Yale Univ.) . Professor Cooke. 
President Matthew H. Buckuam (Univ. 

of Vermont) Professor Davis. 

President Franklin Carter (Williams 

College) H. E. Scudder, Esq. 

Professor George C. Chase (Bates 

College) Professor Greenough. 

Professor Thomas M. Cooley (Univ. of 

Michigan) Professor Langdell. 

Professor Mandell Creighton (Emman- ( President Eliot. 

uel College, Cambridge, Eng.) . . . I Professor Norton. 
Professor James D. Dana (Yale Univ.) . Professor Cooke. 
President Timothy Dwight (Yale Univ.) Professor J. H. Thayer. 
Professor Geo. P. Fisher ( Yale Univ.) . President Eliot. 
President D. C. Oilman (Johns Hopkins 

Univ.) Professor Trowbridge. 

Professor Asaph Hall (U. S. Nat. Obser- 
vatory) Professor Byerly. 

James Hall (Curator State Mus. of N'at. 

Hist., Albany) Professor Lovering. 

President R. D. Hitchcock (Union Theol. 

Sent.) Professor J. H. Thayer. 

President W. D. Hyde (Bowdoin College) Professor Palmer. 
Professor S. P. Langley (Allegheny Coll.) Professor Pickering. 
Professor Joseph Leidy (University of 

Penn.) Professor Smith. 

Professor O. C. Marsh (Yale Univ.) . . Mr. Agassiz. 
President James McCosh (College of New 

Jersey) Professor F. G. Peabodt. 

Dr. Silas Weir Mitchell (Philadelphia) Mr. Agassiz. 
Professor Edwards A. Park (Andover 

Theol. Se7n.) Rev. Dr. McKenzie. 

President G. D. B. Pepper (Colby Univ.) Professor Greenough. 
Major J. W. Powell (U. S. Geological 

Survey) Professor Shaler. 

Francis R. Rives (Delegate University 

ofVa.) Professor Ames. 

President E. G. Robinson (Brown Uni- 
versity) Professor A. P. Peabody. 

President G. W. Smith (Trinity College) Rev. William Lawrence. 
Professor Egbert C. Smyth (Andover 

Theol. Sem.) Professor Palmer. 

Rev. Dr. Charles Taylor (Master of St. 

John's College, Cambridge, Eng.) . . President Eliot. 

4 



50 SKETCH OF THE COMMEMORATION. 

The following guests and delegates, whose presence was 
hoped for, but who were prevented from attending, were 
offered hospitality by the persons named : — 

Guests. Hosts. 

Professor Henry L. Chapman {Bowdoin Coll.) . Professor Sheldon. 

Henry C. Lea (Philadelphia) Professor Loverino. 

The Rev. Father Edw. H. Welch (Holy Cross) . Rev. J- H. Allen. 

President Julius H. Seelye (Amhei-st Coll.) . Professor Palmer. 

Delegates sent by institutions not already mentioned re- 
ceived hospitality from the gentlemen named : — 

Guests. Hosts. 

Professor A. T. Kelsey (Hamilton Coll.) . . . Professor Searle. 

Professor C. H. F. Peters (Hamilton Coll.) . . Mr. Edmands. 

Nelson L. Robinson (St. Lawrence Univ.) . . Professor Taussig. 

Frederick S. Lee, Ph.D., (St. Lawrence Univ.) . Professor Taussig. 

Professor Maurice Perkins ( Union College) . Professor Asa Gray. 

During the celebration there was stretched across one end 
of the interior of Gore Hall the flag bearing the Seal of tlie 
College, which was displayed from the top of the pavilion in 
which the dinner was served at the celebration in 1836. In 
a case was shown the silver pitcher, lent by the owner, whicli 
was given to Mr. Thomas Boyd, the contractor for raising 
that pavilion. 

There was also exposed to view the original Charter of 
the College, 1650, of which a reduced fac-simile is given in 
the present volume. The institution had been administered 
previous to that date under votes of the Legislature. The 
earliest Record Book of the College was opened at the page 
showing the first design for the College Seal, and a fac-simile 
of this page is given in the frontispiece of the present volume. 
The other illustrations of this volume are drawn from two 
views of the college yard, painted in 1821 by Alvan Fisher, 
and preserved in the Faculty Room in University Hall. 

The only book of John Harvard's library, bequeathed in 
1638 by him to the College, and of which a list is preserved 





X 




*- 




30 


^■i^^ 


< 


M 


y- 


» 


■71 




O 










x 


o 




o 












33 




< 




3> 




33 




O 


>-J 


O 


^ 


O 


N. 


1— 




1— 




m 


^ 


O 



00 

(V, 

s m 
S 33 




SKETCH OF THE COMMEMORATION. 51 

in the College Records, was also placed on exhibition. It is 
supposed to have been in the hands of a borrower at the time 
the College Library was burned in 1764, and so escaped de- 
struction. It is Downame's " Christian Warfare against the 
Devil, World, and Flesh," in folio, London, 1634. 

The Bible of President Dunster was likewise shown. It 
is the property of the College. This anniversary was also 
chosen by the Rev. Samuel Dunster, of Attleborough Falls, 
Mass., and his son Professor E. S. Dunster (class of 1856), 
now of the University of Michigan, — descendants of the first 
President, — to leave with the College Library various original 
letters and other manuscripts of Henry Dunster, as well as a 
silver porringer used by him and marked \^-, — Henry and 
Elizabeth Dunster, his wife. 

The oldest living graduate of the College at the time 
of the celebration sent the following message to his Alma 
Mater : — 

" Dr. William Perry, of Exeter, Class of 1811, the oldest of 
the Harvard boj's, sends his kindest greeting to the Alumni, and 
best wishes for the prosperity of old Harvard." 

Dr. Perry has since died, Jan. 11, 1887, aged ninety-eight. 
He had been the senior of the graduates since the death, in 
1882, of Joseph Head, of the Class of 1804. Mr. William R. 
Sever, of Kingston, of the same Class of 1811, is now the 
oldest living graduate of the College. He sent his autograph 
to be kept among those present at the Two Hundred and 
Fiftieth Anniversary. 



THE LAW SCHOOL DAY. 



THE LAW SCHOOL DAY. 

November 5, 1886. 



IN July, 1886, a few graduates of the Harvard Law School 
met in Boston to consider the advisability of forming 
an Association of the past members of the School. It was 
felt that such an organization, if effective, could, by promot- 
ing the interests and increasing the usefulness of the School, 
advance the cause of legal education ; that the Association 
would be of benefit to its own members by promoting mutual 
acquaintance among them ; and that the approaching two 
hundred and fiftieth anniversary of the founding of Har- 
vard College presented a fitting occasion for inaugurating the 
Association. The meeting appointed a committee on organi- 
zation, who entered into communication with past members 
of the School, resident in different parts of the United 
States and of the Dominion of Canada. The interest in 
the proposed Association proved to be general, and Sept. 23, 
1886, a largely attended meeting was held in Boston at 
which the organization was perfected, and the following 
committees were appointed to arrange for an oration and 
a dinner to be given at Cambridge Nov. 5, 1886, and to 
nominate a list of officers for the Association. The meet- 
ing then adjourned to meet at Austin Hall in Cambridge, 
Nov. 5, 1886. 



56 



THE LAW SCHOOL DAY. 



Committee of ^LrrangcntentiS. 



ROBERT M. MORSE, Jr., '60, Boston, Chairman. 



Roderick E. Rombaiier, LL.B. . , . '58 

Solomon Lincoln, LL.B '64 

CuARLES C. Beaman '65 

Robert T. Lincoln '65 

George G. Crocker, LL.B '66 

Frank W. Hackett '66 

Henry M. Rogers, LL.B '67 

James J. Myers, LL.B '72 

Francis Rawle, LL.B '71 

Orville D. Baker, LL.B '72 

Joseph D. Brannan, LL.B '72 

William W. Vaughan, LL.B. ... '73 

Charles J. Bonaparte, LL.B. ... '74 

T. Carleton Allen, LL.B '74 

Jabez Fox, LL.B '75 

Richard H. Dana, LL.B '17 

Abbott Lawrence Lowell, LL.B. . . '80 

Warren K. Blodgett, Jr., LL.B. . . '81 

William Schofield, LL.B '83 

Sherman Hoar '84 



St. Louis. 

Boston. 

New York. 

Chicago. 

Boston. 

Wasliington. 

Boston. 

Cambridge. 

Philadelphia. 

Augusta, Me. 

Cincinnati. 

Cambridge. 

Baltimore. 

Fredericton, N. B. 

Cambridge. 

Boston. 

Boston. 

Cambridge. 

Cambridge. 

Waltham, Mass. 



Committee on domination of ©fficcrg. 



DARWIN E. WARE, LL.B., '55, Boston, Chairman. 



Edward L. Pierce, LL.B '52 

Addison Brown, LL.B '55 

Robert R. Bishop, LL.B '57 

Moorfield Storey '67 

George V. Leverett, LL.B '69 

John Woodbt:ry '83 



Boston, 

New York. 

Boston. 

Boston. 

Boston. 

Boston. 



On the 11th of October, 1886, the following letter was 
issued by the Committee of Arrangements, in response to 
which about four hundred graduates and past members of 
the Harvard Law School attended the meeting and celebra- 
tion of Nov. 5, 1886. 



THE LAW SCHOOL DAY. 57 



HARVARD LAW SCHOOL ASSOCIATION. 

Boston, Oct. 11, 1886. 

Dear Sir, — At a meeting of about one hundred and fifty 
former members of the Harvard Law School, held in Boston 
September 23, preliminary steps were taken for the organization 
of the Harvard Law School Association". 

At this meeting a Constitution was adopted, and it was voted 
that the first general meeting of the Association for the election 
of officers should be held Friday, November 5, at Cambridge, to 
be followed by an oration and a dinner on the same afternoon. 

A Committee on Nominations and a Committee of Arrange- 
ments were appointed to prepare for the meeting in November. 
Lists of these committees and the Constitution are appended. 

Louis D. Brandeis, of Boston, was chosen secretary, and Win- 
throp H. Wade, of Boston, was chosen treasurer, to hold office 
till the November meeting. 

The Committee of Arrangements are now able to announce 
that the oration will be delivered on the afternoon of Novem- 
ber 5, by Oliver Wendell Holmes, Jr., Justice of the Supreme 
Judicial Court of Massachusetts, LL.B., '66. After the oration 
the dinner will be served either in the new Law School Building 
or in Memorial Hall. James C. Carter, LL.B., '53, of the New 
York Bar, is expected to preside at the dinner, and there will be 
brief addresses by distinguished members of the Association and 
invited guests. The price of dinner tickets will be $2.50. The 
Committee earnestly request you to fill out and mail the enclosed 
postal card at once, and to send the names and addresses of as 
many graduates and former students of the Law School as you 
can to the same address. 

The date, November 5, was fixed with especial reference to 
the celebration of the two hundred and fiftieth anniversary of 
the founding of Harvard College, to which the 6th, 7th, and 8th 
days of November are to be exclusively devoted. 

The Committee hope that you may find it convenient at this 
time to revisit the scenes of your professional study, to meet 
your fellow-students, and to inspect Austin Hall, the present 
home of the Law School. 

They respectfully suggest, also, that the prosperity of the 
Harvard Law School Association will largely depend upon the 



58 



THE LAW SCHOOL DAY. 



success of its first meeting; and it is the opinion of all those 
who have interested themselves in its formation, that the Asso- 
ciation, if successful, will exert a powerful influence in increasing 
the prosperity and usefulness of the School. 

The Committee ask, therefore, for the hearty co-operation of 
all, and especially of those who live at a distance from Boston, 
in order that all parts of the country may be well represented 
at the meeting. 

By the Committee of Arrangements, 

Robert M. Morse, Jr., 

Chairman. 



OFFICERS OF THE HARVARD LAW SCHOOL 
ASSOCIATION, 

Elected at the meeting in Cambridge, November 5, 1886. 



Hon. 



Hon. 
Hon. 
Hon. 
Hon. 
Hon. 
Hon. 
Hon. 
Hon. 
Hon. 
Hon. 
Hon. 
Hon. 
Hon. 
Hon. 
Hon. 
Hon. 
Hon. 
Hon. 
Hon. 
Hon. 



Pi-£;siticnt. 

James C. Cartee, LL.B., .... '53 

t9icc=^rc^ilicnts(. 

William Preston, LL.B '38 

William M. Evarts '39 

Marcus Morton, LL.B '40 

Charles S. Bradley '41 

Ogden Hoffman, LL.B '42 

Alex.^.nder E.. Lawton, LL.B. . . '42 

John A. Peters '44 

Rutherford B. Hates, LL.B. . . '45 

John Lowell, LL.B '45 

Henry C. Semple, LL.B '45 

Manning P. Porce, LL.B. . . '48 

Arthur W. Machen, LL.B. ... '51 

Alfred Russell, LL.B '52 

James B. Eustis, LL.B '54 

Jeremiah Smith '61 

George B. Young, LL.B. ... '63 

Andrew Allison, LL.B '65 

Robert T. Lincoln '65 

John H. Overall, LL.B. ... '67 

Hugh McDonald Henry, LL.B. . '73 



New York. 



Kentucky. 

New York. 

Massachusetts. 

Rliode Island. 

California. 

Georgia. 

Maine. 

Ohio. 

Massachusetts. 

Alabama. 

Ohio. 

Maryland. 

Michigan. 

Louisiana. 

New Hampshire. 

Minnesota. 

Tennessee. 

Illiuois. 

Missouri. 

Nova Scotia. 



THE LAW SCHOOL DAY. 



59 



(Jottncil. 

FOR FOUR YEARS. 

Hon. James M. Barker '63 

John L. Thorndike, LL.B '68 

William Schofield, LIj.B '83 

for three years. 

Theodore H. Tyndale, LL.B '68 

Hon. Patrick A. Collins, LL.B. ... '71 
Frederick P. Pish '7© 

for two years. 

Hon. Prank P. Goulding '66 

Samuel B. Clarke, LL.B '76 

Abbott Lawrence Lowell, LL.B. . . '80 

FOR one year. 
Hon. Arthur L. Huntington, LL.B. . '74 

Prederick C. S. Bartlett^ '77 

Sherman Hoar '84 

STreajsttrcr. 
WiNTHROP H. Wade, LL.B '84 

^ctretarg. 
Louis D. Brandeis, LL.B '77 



Pittsfield, Mass. 
Boston, Mass. 
Cambridge, Mass. 

Boston, Mass. 
Boston, Mass. 
Cambridge, Mass. 

Worcester, Mass. 
New York, N. Y. 
Boston, Mass. 

Salem, Mass. 

New Bedford, Mass. 

Waltham, Mass. 



Boston, Mass. 



Boston, Mass. 



The Committee of Arrangements having charge of the 
celebration of the day made choice of a chief-marshal, who 
selected his own aids : 



CHIEF-MARSHAL. 

EX)GER WOLCOTT, LL.B '74 

AIDS. 

Charles C. Read, LL.B '67 

Timothy J. Dacey, LL.B '71 

Austen G. Pox, LL.B '71 

Henry G. Pickering, LL.B '71 

Lauriston L. Scaife '71 

William P. Wharton, LL.B '73 

Edward W. Hutchins, LL.B '75 

George Wigglesworth, LL.B '78 

William A. Gaston '82 

Pelix Rackemann '83 

Henry E. Warner, LL.B '85 

William A. Hayes, Jr., '87 

1 Died Dec. 26, 1886. 



Boston. 

Cambridge. 

Boston. 

New York. 

Boston. 

Boston. 

Boston. 

Boston. 

Boston. 

Boston. 

Milton. 

Cambridge. 

Cambridge. 



60 THE LAW SCHOOL DAY. 

At the close of the business meeting, the Association 
marched to Sanders Theatre, where the addresses which 
follow were delivered. 



PRESIDENT CARTER'S ADDRESS. 

Gentlemen op the Harvard Law-School Association: 

I BEG to make to you my most grateful acknowledg- 
ments for the distinguished honor you have conferred 
upon me in electing me to the office of president, I 
regard this association of my name with the Harvard 
Law School, and particularly with such a movement 
as this, as a most distinguished honor. I hail this 
gathering, composed not only of members and recent 
graduates of the school, but also containing so many 
men who are veterans in the profession. I hail the 
undertaking thus inaugurated, as full of the promise 
of opportunities for publishing more widely the privi- 
leges, the advantages, which we suppose the institution 
furnishes. I hail it also as calculated to draw more 
closely the ties between the school and its graduates, 
giving them opportunities for observing its methods, 
for extending criticism perhaps upon them, and in all 
suitable ways furnishing to it that aid and assistance 
which the graduates of any educational institution are 
always capable of affording it. 

The Harvard Law School I think we may justly 
consider as occuj)ying, perhaps we ought not to say 
the first, but certainly no second place among the 
institutions of the country devoted to legal education. 
And so far as I have had the opportunities for observ- 
ing, and so far as I have had the means of knowing, I 



PRESIDENT CARTER'S ADDRESS. 61 

believe that in the methods Avhich are pursued here 
are to be found, in some respects, greater advantages 
for the study of the law than are anywhere else ex- 
hibited. And I think that the institution at no time 
in the course of its history has been so well provided 
and so well adapted for purposes of a legal education 
as now. 

This Law School in its origin shone, perhaps, with a 
lustre not altogether its own, but borrowed in some 
degree from the great forensic renown of the distin- 
guished men who early became its professors. But it 
is no disparagement whatever to the great names of 
Story and Greenleaf — who will ever be held in rev- 
erent admiration by us — to say that it is not always 
those who have attained the highest places in the 
profession of the law, or the highest seats upon the 
bench, who are the best calculated to impart their 
knowledge to others. And at the same time it is 
true, that in tlie experience we have had for the last 
half century in legal education new methods have 
been found, which are better adapted to the purpose 
than those which were originally pursued. 

I have sometimes heard criticism upon the School 
to the effect that it was too much given to the theoret- 
ical part of legal education, and consequently that its 
graduates came from it less fitted for the real business 
and work of a professional life. This impression I 
believe to be quite erroneous ; and I think that the 
methods that are now pursued, so far as I understand 
them, are a vast improvement over those with which 
I was acquainted when I was a member of the School. 



62 THE LAW SCHOOL DAY. 

What is it that students go to a law school to learn 1 
What is it to begin the study of what we call " the 
law"? What is this thing which we call ^'law," and 
with the administration of which we have to deal? 
Where is it found I How are we to know it ? It is 
not found in that code which was proclaimed amid 
the thunders of Sinai. It is not immediately and 
directly found in the precepts of the Gospel. It is 
not found in the teachings of Socrates, or Plato, or 
Bacon. It is found, and it is alone found, in those 
adjudications, those judgments, which from time to 
time its ministers and its magistrates are called upon 
to make in determining the actual rights of men. 

What was our former method of acquiring it ? 
Going primarily to those judgments 1 No. For the 
most part the basis of legal education was in the 
study of text-books, the authors of which if they had 
acquired any knowledge of the law for themselves, 
must have obtained it by resorting to those original 
som'ces. We therefore got it at second hand. I 
think the result of all investigation concerning the 
methods by which any science may be best acquired 
and cultivated, has been to teach us to go to the 
original sources, and not to take anything at second 
hand. 

Now, is this method open to the objection that the 
study of cases is apt to make the student a mere "case" 
lawyer! Not at all. The purpose is to study the great 
and principal cases in which are the real sources of 
the law, and to extract from them the rule which, 
when discovered, is found to be superior to all cases. 



PRESIDENT CARTER'S ADDRESS. 63 

And this is the method which, as I understand it, is 
now pursued in this SchooL And so far as the prac- 
tical question is concerned, whether it actually fits 
those who go out from its walls in the best manner 
for the actual practice of the law, I may claim to be 
a competent witness. It has been my fortune for 
many years to have charge of a considerably diver 
sified legal practice ; and the most I have had to re- 
gret is that it has overwhelmed me so much witli mere 
business that I have had too little time for the close 
study of the law which my cases have involved. 

It has been necessary for me to have intelligent 
assistants, and I have long since discovered that most 
valuable aid could be derived from the young gradu- 
ates of this School. I have surrounded myself with 
them, partly for the reason that I have an affection 
for the place, and also because I have found them 
in possession of a great amount of actual acquire- 
ment, and — what is of more consequence — an accu- 
racy and precision of method far superior to anything 
which the students of my day exhibited. 

This method of studying the law by going to its 
original sources is no royal road, — no primrose path. 
It is full of difficulties. It requires struggle. If 
there is anything which is calculated to try the hu- 
man faculties in the highest degree, it is to take up 
the complicated facts of different cases; to separate 
the material from the immaterial, the relevant from 
the irrelevant; to assign to each element its due 
weight and limitation, and to give to different com- 
peting principles and rules of law their due place in 



64 THE LAW SCHOOL DAY. 

the conclusion that is to be foraied. And I know, on 
the other hand, of no greater intellectual gratifications 
than those which follow from the solution in this way 
of the great problems of the law as they successively 
present themselves. 

Gentlemen, we must always remain students of the 
law, and our truest pleasures are found in the devoted 
study of it for the sake of excellence alone. We are 
subject to many temptations which tend to divert us 
from the straight path. The love of notoriety, popu- 
lar applause, newspaper fame, mere pecuniary suc- 
cess, all have a tendency to divert from what should 
be the true professional aim. But lie who engages 
in the rivalries thus invited, will find himself out- 
stripped in the race by the charlatan and quack. 
After all, the only solid satisfaction is that which 
comes to us from the approval and the applause of 
our own professional brethren, the witnesses of our 
labors, as the reward of a lifetime of effort. The 
mightiest of those names which adorn the earliest 
annals of our profession, — 

"Those ancient, whose resistless eloquence 
Wielded at will that fierce democratie, 
Shook the arsenal, and fulmin'd over Greece 
To Macedon and Artaxerxes' throne," — 

won their proud pre-eminence only by climbing that 
same steep and toilsome ascent, beset with difficulty 
and conquered only by struggle, which lies before — 
or behind — each one of you. 

But, gentlemen, I keep you too long from the dis- 
tinguished speaker whom you have gathered together 



JUDGE HOLMES'S ORATION. 65 

to hear. His name of itself is sufficient to awaken 
expectations. If the Law were a mistress no more 
jealous than Medicine, letters might now hope to re- 
ceive a contribution from the son like those so often 
made by the renowned father. But the law will put 
up with no divided homage. The great lawyer, the 
great jurist, with difficulty gains ''the lover's myrtle;" 
he must forever resign " the poet's bay." 

" How sweet an Ovid was iu Murray lost ! " 

But, gentlemen, I think we may all safely assure our- 
selves that when he comes to speak, whatever he may 
choose to say, our best attention will be richly re- 
Avarded. I have the honor to present to you, gentle- 
men, Mr. Justice Holmes of the Supreme Judicial 
Court of Massachusetts. 



JUDGE HOLMES'S OEATIOK 

It is not wonderful that the graduates of the Law 
School of Harvard College should wish to keep alive 
their connection with it. About three quarters of a 
century ago it began with a Chief Justice of the 
Supreme Court of Massachusetts for its Eoyall pro- 
fessor. A little later, one of the most illustrious judges 
who ever sat on the United States Supreme Bench — 
Mr. Justice Story — accepted a professorship in it 
created for him by Nathan Dane. And from that 
time to this it has had the services of great and famous 
lawyers ; it has been the source of a large part of the 
most important legal literature which the country has 

6 



66 THE LAW SCHOOL DAY. 

produced ; it has furnished a world-renowned model 
in its modes of instruction ; and it has had among its 
students futiu'e chief- justices and justices, and leaders 
of state bars and of the national bar, too numerous 
for me to thrill you with the mention of their names. 

It has not taught great lawyers only. Many who 
have won fame in other fields began their studies here. 
Sumner and Phillips were among the bachelors of 
1834. The orator whom we shall hear in a day or 
two appears in the list of 1840 alongside of William 
Story, and the Chief Justice of this State, and one of 
the Associate Justices, who is himself not less known 
as a soldier and as an orator than he is as a judge. 
Perhaps, without revealing family secrets, I may 
whisper that next Monday's poet also tasted our 
masculine diet before seeking more easily digested, 
if not more nutritious, food elsewhere. Enough. Of 
course we are proud of the Harvard Law School. 
Of course we love every limb of Harvard College. 
Of course we rejoice to manifest our brotherhood by 
the symbol of this Association. 

I will say no more for the reasons of our coming 
together. But by your leave I will say a few words 
about the use and meaning of law schools, especially 
of our law school, and about its methods of instruc- 
tion, as they ajDpear to one who has had some occasion 
to consider them. 

A law school does not undertake to teach success. 
That combination of tact and will wliich gives a man 
immediate prominence among his fellows, comes from 



JUDGE HOLMES'S ORATION. 67 

nature, not from instruction ; and if it can be helped 
at all by advice, such advice is not offered here. It 
might be expected that I should say by way of natural 
antithesis, that what a law school does undertake to 
teach is law. But I am not ready to say even that, 
without a qualification. It seems to me that nearly 
all the education which men can get from others is 
moral, not intellectual. The main part of intellectual 
education is not the acquisition of facts, but learning 
how to make facts live. Culture, in the sense of fruit- 
less knowledge, I for one abhor. The mark of a 
master is, that facts which before lay scattered in an 
inorganic mass, when he shoots through them the 
magnetic current of his thought, leap into an organic 
order and live and bear fruit. But you cannot make 
a master by teaching. He makes himself by aid of 
his natural gifts. 

Education, other than self-education, lies mainly in 
the shaping of men's interests and aims. If you con- 
vince a man that another way of looking at things is 
more profound, another form of pleasure more subtile 
than that to which he has been accustomed, — if you 
make him really see it, — the very nature of man is 
such that he will desire the profounder thought and 
the subtiler joy. So I say the business of a law school 
is not sufficiently described when you merely say that 
it is to teach law, or to make lawyers. It is to teach 
law in the grand manner, and to make great lawyers. 

Our country needs such teaching very much. I 
think we should all agree that the passion for equality 
has passed far beyond the political or even the social 



68 THE LAW SCHOOL DAY. 

sphere. We are not only unwilling' to admit that any- 
class or society is better than that in which we move, 
but our customary attitude towards every one in 
authority of any kind is that he is only the lucky 
recipient of honor or salary above the average which 
any average man might as well receive as he. When 
the effervescence of democratic negation extends its 
workings beyond the abolition of external distinctions 
of rank to spiritual things ; when the passion for equal- 
ity is not content with founding social intercourse 
upon universal human sympathy and a community 
of interests in which all may share, but attacks the 
lines of Nature which establish orders and degrees 
among the souls of men, — they are not only wrong, 
but ignobly wrong. Modesty and reverence are no 
less virtues of freemen than the democratic feeling 
which will submit neither to aiTOgance nor to 
servility. 

To inculcate those virtues, to correct the ignoble 
excess of a noble feeling to which I have referred, 
I know of no teachers so powerful and persuasive as 
the little army of specialists. They carry no banners, 
they beat no drums ; but where they are, men learn 
that bustle and push are not the equals of quiet genius 
and serene mastery. They compel others who need 
their help or who are enlightened by their teaching, 
to obedience and respect. They set the example 
themselves ; for they furnish in the intellectual world 
a perfect type of the imion of democracy with disci- 
pline. They bow to no one who seeks to impose his 
authority by foreign aid ; they hold that science like 



JUDGE HOLMES'S ORATION. 69 

courage is never beyond the necessity of proof, but 
must always be ready to prove itself against all chal- 
lengers. But to one who has shown himself a master 
they pay the proud reverence of men w' ho know what 
valiant combat means, and who reserve the right of 
combat against their leader even, if he should seem to 
waver in the service of truth, tlieir only queen. 

In the army of which I speak, the lawyers are not 
the least important corps. For all lawyers are special- 
ists. Not in the narrow sense in which w^e sometimes 
use the word in the profession, — of persons who con- 
fine themselves to a particular branch of practice, such 
as conveyancing or patents, ^ — but specialists Avho have 
taken all law to be their province ; specialists because 
they have undertaken to master a special branch of 
human knowledge, — a branch, I may add, which is 
more immediately connected with all the highest in- 
terests of man than any other which deals with prac- 
tical affairs. 

Lawyers, too, w^ere among the first specialists to be 
needed and to appear in America. And I believe it 
would be hard to exaggerate the goodness of their 
influence in favor of sane and orderly thinking. But 
lawyers feel the spirit of the times like other people. 
They like others are forever trying to discover cheap 
and agreeable substitutes for real things. I fear that 
the bar has done its full share to exalt that most hate- 
ful of American words and ideals, " smartness," as 
against dignity of moral feeling and profundity of 
knowledge. It is from within the bar, not from out- 
side, that I have heard the new gospel that learning 



70 THE LAW SCHOOL DAY. 

is out of date, and that the man for the tunes is no 
longer the thinker and the schohir, but the smart 
man, unencumbered with other artillery than the latest 
edition of the Digest and the latest revision of the 
Statutes. 

The aim of a law school should be, the aim of the 
Harvard Law School has been, not to make men 
smart, but to make them wise in their calling, — 
to start them on a road which will lead them to the 
abode of the masters. A law school should be at once 
the workshop and the nursery of specialists in the 
sense which I have explained. It should obtain for 
teachers men in each generation who are producing 
the best work of that generation. Teaching should 
not stop, but rather should foster, production. The 
" enthusiasm of the lecture room," the contagious in- 
terest of companionship, should make the students 
partners in their teachers' work. The ferment of 
genius in its creative moment is quickly imparted. 
If a man is great, he makes others believe in great- 
ness ; he makes them incapable of mean ideals and 
easy self-satisfaction. His pupils will accept no sub- 
stitute for realities ; but at the same time they leani 
that the only coin with which realities can be bought 
is Life. 

Our school has been such a workshop and such a 
nursery as I describe. What men it has turned out I 
have hinted already, and do not need to say; what 
works it has produced is known to all the world. 
From ardent co-operation of student and teacher have 
sprung Greenleaf on Evidence, and Stearns on Real 



JUDGE HOLMES'S ORATION. 71 

Actions, and Story's epoch-making Commentaries, and 
Parsons on Contracts, and Waslibm-n on Real Prop- 
erty; and, marking a later epoch, Langdell on Con- 
tracts and on Equity Pleading, and Ames on Bills and 
Notes, and Gray on Perpetuities, and I hope we may 
soon add Thayer on Evidence. You will notice that 
these books are very different in character from one 
another, but you will notice also how many of them 
have this in common, — that they have marked and 
largely made an epoch. 

There are plenty of men nowadays of not a hun- 
dredth part of Story's power who could write as good 
statements of the law as his, or better. And when 
some mediocre fluent book has been printed, how 
often have we heard it proclaimed, '^ Lo, here is a 
greater than Story ! " But if you consider the state 
of legal literature when Story began to write, and 
from what wells of learning the discursive streams 
of his speech were fed, I think you will be inclined 
to agree with me that he has done more than any 
other English-speaking man in this century to make 
the law luminous and easy to understand. 

But Story's simple philosophizing has ceased to 
satisfy men's minds. I tliink it might be said with 
safety, that no man of his or of the succeeding genera- 
tion could have stated the law in a form that deserved 
to abide, because neither his nor the succeeding gener- 
ation possessed or could have possessed the historical 
knowledge, had made or could have made the ana- 
lyses of principles which are necessary before the 
cardinal doctrines of the law can be known and under- 



72 THE LAW SCHOOL DAY. 

stood in their precise contours and in tbeir innermost 
meanings. 

The new work is now being done. Under the 
influence of Germany science is gradually drawing 
legal history into its sphere. The facts are being 
scrutinized by eyes microscopic in intensity and pano- 
ramic in scope. At the same time, under the influence 
of our revived interest in philosophical speculation, a 
thousand heads are analyzing and generalizing the 
rules of law and the grounds on which they stand. 
The law has got to be stated over again ; and I ven- 
ture to say that in fifty years we shall have it in a form 
of which no man could have dreamed fifty years ago. 
And now I venture to add my hope and my belief, 
that when the day comes which I predict, the pro- 
fessors of the Harvard Law School w^ill be found to 
have had a hand in the change not less important than 
that which Story has had in determining the form of 
the text-books of the last half-century. 

Corresponding to the change which I say is taking 
place, there has been another change in the mode of 
teaching. How inr the correspondence is conscious I 
do not stop to inquire. For whatever reason, the pro- 
fessors of this school have said to themselves more 
definitely than ever before : We will not be contented 
to send forth students with nothing but a ragbag full 
of general principles, — a throng of glittering gene- 
ralities like a swarm of little bodiless cherubs flutter- 
ing at the top of one of Correggio's pictures. They 
have said that to make a general principle worth any- 
thing you must give it a body ; you must show in 



JUDGE HOLMES'S ORATION. 73 

what way and how far it would be apphed actuall}^ 
in an actual system ; you must show how it has 
gradually emerged as the felt reconciliation of con- 
crete instances, no one of which established it in terms. 
Finally, you must show its historic relations to other 
principles, often of very different date and origin, and 
thus set it in the perspective without which its propor- 
tions will never be truly judged. 

In pursuance of these views there have been substi- 
tuted for text-books more and more, so far as practi- 
cable, those books of cases which were received at 
first by many with a somewhat contemptuous smile 
and pitying contrast of the good old days, but which 
now, after fifteen years, bid fair to revolutionize the 
teaching both of this country and of England. 

I pause for a moment to say what I hope it is 
scarcely necessary for me to say, — that in thus giving 
in my adhesion to the present methods of instruction 
I am not wanting in grateful and appreciative recol- 
lection (alas ! it can be only recollection now) of 
the earlier teachers under whom I studied. In my day 
the dean of this school was Professor Parker, the ex- 
Chief Justice of New Hampshire, who I think was one 
of the greatest of American judges, and who showed 
in the chair the same qualities that had made him 
famous on the bench. His associates were Parsons, 
almost if not quite a man of genius, and gifted with 
a power of impressive statement which I do not know 
that I have ever seen equalled ; and Washburn, who 
taught us all to realize the meaning of the phrase 
which I have already quoted from Vangerow, the 



74 THE LAW SCHOOL DAY. 

'' enthusiasm of the lecture-room." He did more for 
me tlian the learning of Coke and the logic of Fearne 
could have done without his kindly ardor. 

To return, and to say a word more about the theory 
on which these books of cases are used. It has long 
seemed to me a striking circumstance that the ablest 
of the agitators for codification, Sir James Stephen, 
and the originator of tlie present mode of teaching, 
Mr. Langdell, start from the same premises to reach 
seemingly opposite conclusions. The number of legal 
principles is small, says in effect Sir James Stephen, 
therefore codify them ; the number of legal princi- 
ples is small, says Mr. Langdell, therefore they may 
be taught through the cases which have developed and 
established them. Well, I think there is much force 
in Sir James Stephen's argument, if you can find com- 
petent men and get them to undertake the task ; and 
at any rate I am not now going to express an opinion 
that he is wrong. But I am certain from my own ex- 
perience that Mr. Langdell is right ; I am certain that 
when your object is not to make a bouquet of the law 
for the public, nor to prune and graft it by legislation, 
but to plant its roots where they will grow, in minds 
devoted henceforth to that one end, there is no way to 
be compared to Mr. Langdell's way. Why, look at it 
simply in the light of human nature. Does not a man 
remember a concrete instance more vividly than a gen- 
eral principle I And is not a principle more exactly 
and intimately grasped as the unexpressed major pre- 
mise of the half-dozen examples which mark its extent 
and its limits than it can be in any abstract form of 



JUDGE HOLMES'S ORATION. 75 

words? Expressed or unexpressed, is it not better 
known when you have studied its embryology and 
the lines of its growth than when you merely see 
it lying dead before you on the printed page 1 

I have referred to my own experience. During the 
short time that I had the honor of teaching in the 
school, it fell to me, among other things, to instruct 
the first-year men in Torts. With some misgivings I 
plunged a class of beginners straight into Mr. Ames's 
collection of cases, and we began to discuss them to- 
gether in Mr. Langdell's method. The result was 
better than I even hoped it would be. After a week 
or two, when the first confusing novelty was over, I 
found that my class examined the questions proposed 
with an accuracy of view which they never could 
have learned from text-books, and which often ex- 
ceeded that to be found in the text-books. I at least, 
if no one else, gained a good deal from our daily 
encounters. 

My experience as a judge has confirmed the belief 
I formed as a professor. Of course a young man 
cannot try or argue a case as well as one who has had 
years of experience. Most of you also would proba- 
bly agree with me that no teaching which a man re- 
ceives from others at all approaches in importance 
what he does for himself, and that one who has simply 
been a docile pupil has got but a very little way. But 
I do think that in the thoroughness of their training 
and in the systematic character of their knowledge, the 
young men of the present day start better equipped 
when they begin their practical experience than it was 



76 THE LAW SCHOOL DAY. 

possible for their predecessors to have been. And 
althoug-h no school can boast a monopoly of promising 
young men, Cambridge, of course, has its full propor- 
tion of them at our bar ; and I do think that the meth- 
ods of teaching here bear fruits in their work. 

I sometimes hear a wish expressed by the impatient 
that the teaching here should be more practical. I 
remember that a very wise and able man said to a 
friend of mine when he was beginning his professional 
life, " Don't know too much law," and I think we all 
can imagine cases where the warning would be useful. 
But a far more useful thing is what was said to me as 
a student by one no less wise and able, — afterwards 
my partner and always my friend, — when I was talk- 
ing as young men do about seeing practice, and all 
the other things which seemed practical to my inex- 
perience, "The business of a lawyer is to know law." 
The professors of this law school mean to make their 
students know law. They think the most practical 
teaching is that which takes their students to the 
bottom of what they seek to know. They therefore 
mean to make them master the common law and equity 
as working systems, and think that when that is ac- 
complished they will have no trouble with the im- 
provements of the last half-century. I believe they 
are entirely right, not only in the end they aim at, 
but in the way they take to reach that end. 

Yes, this school has been, is, and I hope long will 
be, a centre where great lawyers perfect their achieve- 
ments, and from which young men, even more inspired 
by their example than instructed by their teaching, go 



JUDGE HOLMES'S ORATION. 77 

forth in their turn, not to imitate what their masters 
have done, but to Hve their own hves more freely for 
the ferment imparted to them here. The men trained 
in this school may not always be the most knowing in 
the ways of getting on. The noblest of them must 
often feel that they are committed to lives of proud 
dependence, — the dependence of men who command 
no factitious aids to success, but rely upon unad- 
vertised knowledge and silent devotion ; dependence 
upon finding an appreciation which they cannot seek, 
but dependence proud in the conviction that the 
knowledge to which their lives are consecrated is of 
things which it concerns the world to know. It is the 
dependence of abstract thought, of science, of beauty, 
of poetry and art, of every flower of civilization, upon 
finding a soil generous enough to support it. If it 
does not, it must die. But the world needs the flower 
more than the flower needs life. 

I said that a law school ought to teach law in the 
grand manner; that it had something more to do 
than simply to teach law. I think we may claim for 
our school that it has not been wanting in greatness. 
I once heard a Russian say that in the middle class of 
Russia there were many specialists ; in the upper class 
there were civilized men. Perhaps in America, for 
reasons which I have mentioned, we need specialists 
even more than we do civilized men. Civilized men 
who are nothing else are a little apt to think that they 
cannot breathe the American atmosphere. But if a 
man is a specialist it is most desirable that he should 
also be civilized ; that he should have laid in the out- 



78 THE LAW SCHOOL DAY. 

line of the other sciences as well as the light and shade 
of his own ; that he should be reasonable, and see 
things in their proportion. Nay, more, that he should 
be passionate as well as reasonable, — that he should 
be able not only to explain, but to feel; that the 
ardors of intellectual pursuit should be relieved by 
the charms of art, should be succeeded by the joy of 
life become an end in itself 

At Harvard College is realized in some degree the 
palpitating manifoldness of a truly civilized life. Its 
aspirations are concealed because they are chastened 
and instructed ; but I believe in my soul that they are 
not the less noble that they are silent. The golden 
light of the University is not confined to the under- 
graduate department ; it is shed over all the schools. 
He who has once seen it becomes other than he was, 
forever more. I have said that the best part of our 
education is moral. It is the crowning glory of this 
Law School that it has kindled in many a heart an 
inextinguishable fire. 

At the conclusion of Judge Holmes's oration, the members 
of the Association and their invited guests, preceded by the 
band, marched to the Hemenway Gymnasium, where the 
dinner took place. 



PRESIDENT CARTER'S ADDRESS. 79 



THE DINNER 

At 2.35 p. M. the company, to the number of about four 
hundred, sat down to dinner. Hon. James C. Carter, of New- 
York, President of the Harvard Law School Association, pre- 
sided. Upon his right sat Judge Oliver Wendell Holmes, Jr., 
Prof. C. C. Langdell the Dane Professor, Gen. Alexander R. 
Lawton of Georgia, Hon. George 0. Shattuck, Prof. James B. 
Thayer, Hon. E. Rock wood Hoar, Judge Thomas M. Cooley 
of Michigan, and Prof. James Barr Ames ; on the left of 
the presiding officer were President Eliot, Hon. Samuel E. 
Sewall, Hon. R. M. Morse, Jr., Judge Nathaniel Holmes, Hon. 
Dorman B. Eaton, Hon. Darwin E. Ware, Prof. John C. Gray, 
Prof. William A. Keener, and Dr. Mandell Creighton of Em- 
manuel College, Cambridge, England. Before and between 
the speeches the Germania Orchestra rendered musical selec- 
tions. At the close of the dinner President Carter called the 
company to order. 

PRESIDENT CARTER'S ADDRESS. 

Gentlemen, — I think we may felicitate ourselves 
upon the auspicious commencement of this associa- 
tion. At least, so far as it has gone it could not have 
been better. Our friend Judge Holmes spoke in his 
oration of the grand manner in which the law ought 
to be studied and taught. To me, who come back 
to Cambridge rarely, and whose recollections of this 
place are as it was — I won't say how many years 
ago, — everything seems to be grand. From what 
grander building could we have marched than from 



80 THE LAW SCHOOL DAY. 

Austin Hall? To what grander building could we 
have gone to listen to our oration than the one in 
which we heard it? What grander oration could 
we have had? In what grander building could we 
have our dinner than the one in which we are now 
assembled, — if it is possible for anything to be heard 
in it, which I somewhat doubt. 

Well, gentlemen, here we are, a lot of lawyers col- 
lected together all by ourselves. It is a rare occasion. 
It is rare for an assembly to be composed exclusively 
of lawyers. You know what they used to say of the 
Roman augurs, that whenever they met each other in 
the street they used to smile. And if half of what is 
said of lawyers be true, we ought all of us to be on a 
broad grin now. The wits and satirists of all ages 
have sat down on us pretty heavily. We have been 
accused of being the fomenters of strife, of grinding 
the faces of the poor, of being mere sophists, of dis- 
regarding the truth, of dwelling upon the quips and 
quirks and trifles. There is no form of imposture 
which has not at some time or other been imputed to 
us. Well, now, I suspect that pretty much all the 
wit and point of that lies in its incongruity and its 
falsity. 

Occasionally, unworthy members of the profes- 
sion do of course appear; and the incongruity be- 
tween those and what the profession is generally 
found to be, and what it ought to be, is so great 
as to become ludicrous. But when we look for the 
real estimate in which lawyers and the legal pro- 
fession are held by the community at large, we have 



PRESIDENT CARTER'S ADDRESS. 81 

better evidence upon whicli to rely. I suppose three 
fourths at least of all the members of the Congress of 
the United States from the organization of the govern- 
ment have been lawyers. The statutes of the United 
States to-day, — are they not a monument of their 
learning, their devotion, their patriotism, and their 
skill ? The great majority of the Legislatures in all 
the States of the Union are, and ever have been, 
composed of lawyers. The great executive officers 
and magistrates of the States are for the most part 
lawyers. 

And what, let me ask, would the community do if 
the profession of the law were stricken from the pur- 
suits of human life? If there are great pecuniary 
trusts to be reposed, to whom are they so frequently 
intrusted as to lawyers ? And how rarely is the trust 
betrayed ! Those last confidences which every one 
hugs to his bosom are freely and fully imparted to 
lawyers ; and how seldom is that trust betrayed ! 
Why, I remember, not very long ago, that a reverend 
gentleman — whose name, were I at liberty to men- 
tion it, you would at once recognize as that of one of 
the most eminent and distinguished of your divines — 
said to me that upon a certain occasion he was called 
upon by another to give advice upon a most impor- 
tant piece of conduct. He gave to it his best reflec- 
tion, and came to his conclusion. But such was his 
sense of the importance of the business, and such he 
thought to be its difficulty, that he could not feel suffi- 
ciently assured of the correctness of his conclusion. He 
wished light from others. The question had nothing 

6 



82 THE LAW SCHOOL DAY. 

to do with property; nothing to do with any legal 
riglit. It was a purely moral question, but deeply 
affecting character, deeply affecting reputation. He 
did not go to the members of his own profession; 
he went neither to theologians nor to moralists. He 
went to a lawyer, and among lawyers to one whose 
name, were I at liberty to mention that, you would 
recognize as one of the most distinguished among 
you, — and not one of those who would be consid- 
ered as of the spiritually minded sort, but a strictly 
business, professional lawyer. He submitted the prob- 
lem to him, and received an answer confirming his 
own conclusion, but accompanied with reasons so 
luminous and so satisfactory that all doubt was ban- 
ished from his mind. We have sOme right to say, 
therefore, that the teachings of the law, as they are 
pronounced by its highest ministers, inform us quid 
sit pulchrum, quid rectum, quid tiirpe, quid utile, quid 
non a good deal better than those of Chrysippus or 
Grantor. 

Now, why is this I Surely not for the reason that 
lawyers are any better than other classes of men : no 
one of us surely will set up a pretence of that sort. 
It is, I imagine, because our pursuits, our thoughts, 
our labors have to do with the direct, the immediate, 
the tangible interests of mankind, — with property, 
with liberty, and with life. It is because upon the 
strength of our determination property passes from 
one hand to another, or the question is settled whether 
one shall occupy the cell of a penitentiary or breathe 
the air of freedom. It is because those all-important 



PRESIDENT CARTER'S ADDRESS. 83 

present interests have ever refused, and will forever 
refuse, to submit to any otlier determinations than 
those founded upon the everlasting basis of truth 
and right, or so much of that everlasting basis as 
can be apprehended and applied by the wisest and 
the best of our race. 

Now, gentlemen, I have akeady made my speech 
over in yonder building, and I am not going to inflict 
upon you another. I find myself upon this elevated 
platform, and it looks to me for all the world as if this 
were a bench of judges here, and I the Chief Justice, 
and you members of tlie Bar. I shall therefore treat 
these gentlemen on my right and left as puisne jus- 
tices, and I shall not consult them as to the order of 
proceedings here. Tliey wdll of course speak when 
they are spoken to, and give their opinions when they 
are called upon. We have in the city in which my 
labors are spent what they call a short calendar, — 
and it is called on Friday, too, — and it means causes 
that take up very little time indeed, and it means 
causes for the most part that have no merits. I pro- 
pose to take up that short calendar. From time to 
time I shall call those cases that are set down on it. 
The calendar was not made up by me, but by the 
clerk of the court. And I think — and you must all 
agree with me upon this occasion — that the first 
honors are due to that great school t)f the law to 
which we all of us, or most of us, owe so much. 
I shall, therefore, first present to you Professor 
Langdell, the Dane Professor. 



84 THE LAW SCHOOL DAY. 

Professor Langdell, upon arising, was received with pro- 
longed applause and three rousing cheers. When permitted 
to proceed, he spoke as follows : — 



PROFESSOR LANGDELL'S ADDRESS. 

Gentlemen of the Harvard Law School Association: 

I am very grateful for this unexpected greeting. 
You will be surprised to learn that this is the second 
time that your President has called upon me to speak 
for the Harvard Lav\^ School. The first time was 
nearly seventeen years ago, when I was about to as- 
sume the duties of Dane professor. And I do not 
know that I can do better than begin now where I 
left off then. On that occasion I called attention to 
the anomalous condition of legal education in English- 
speaking countries, — the anomaly consisting in the fact 
that in those countries a knowledge of law had been 
acquired, as a rule, only by or in connection with its 
practice and administration, while in all the rest of 
Christendom law has always been taught and studied 
in universities. And I ventured to exj^ress the opin- 
ion, that the true interests of legal education in this 
country required that in this respect we should not 
follow longer in the footsteps of England, but should 
bring ourselves into harmony with the rest of the civ- 
ilized world. • 

Since that time I have not concerned myself with 
legal education outside of the Harvard Law School; 
but I have tried to do my part towards making the 
teaching and the study of law in that School worthy 



PROFESSOR LANGDELL'S ADDRESS. 85 

of a university ; towards making- the venerable insti- 
tution of which we are celebrating the two hundred 
and fiftieth anniversary a true university, and the Law 
School not the least creditable of its departments ; in 
short, towards placing the Law School, so far as dif- 
ferences of circumstances would permit, in the posi- 
tion occupied by the Law Faculties in the universities 
of continental Europe. And wdiat I say of myself in 
this respect I may, with at least equal truth, say of all 
my associates. 

To accomplish these objects, so far as they de- 
pended upon the Law School, it was indispensable to 
establish at least two things : first, that law is a 
science ; secondly, that all the available materials of 
that science are contained in printed books. If law 
be not a science, a university wdll best consult its own 
dignity in declining to teach it. If it be not a science, 
it is a species of handicraft, and may best be learned 
by serving an apprenticeship to one who practises it. 
If it be a science, it will scarcely be disputed that it is 
one of the greatest and most difficult of sciences, and 
that it needs all the light that the most enlightened 
seat of learning can throw upon it. Again, law can 
only be learned and taught in a university by means 
of printed books. If, therefore, there are other and bet- 
ter means of teaching and learning law than printed 
books, or if printed books can only be used to the 
best advantage in connection with other means, — for 
instance, the work of a lawyer's office, or attendance 
upon the proceedings of courts of justice, — it must 
be confessed that such means cannot be provided by a 



86 THE LAW SCHOOL DAY. 

university. But if printed books are the ultimate 
sources of all legal knowledge ; if every student who 
would obtain any mastery of law as a science must 
resort to these ultimate sources ; and if the only assist- 
ance which it is possible for the learner to receive is 
such as can be afforded by teachers who have trav- 
elled the same road before him, — then a university, 
and a university alone, can furnish every possible 
facility for teaching and learning law. I wish to 
emphasize the fact that a teacher of law should be a 
person who accompanies his pupils on a road which 
is new to them, but with which he is well acquainted 
from having often travelled it before. What qualifies 
a person, therefore, to teach law is not experience in 
the work of a lawyer's office, not experience in deal- 
ing with men, not experience in the trial or argument 
of causes, — not experience, in short, in using law, but 
experience in learning law : not the experience of the 
Roman advocate or of the Roman prsetor, still less 
of the Roman procurator, but the experience of the 
Roman juris-consult. 

My associates and myself, therefore, have con- 
stantly acted upon the view that law is a science, and 
that it must be learned from books. Accordingly, the 
Law Library has been the object of our greatest and 
most constant solicitude. We have not done for it all 
that we should have been glad to do, but we have 
done much. Indeed, in the library of to-day one 
would find it difficult to recognize the library of seven- 
teen years ago. We have also constantly inculcated 
the idea that the library is the proper workshop of 



PROFESSOR LANGDELL'S ADDRESS. 87 

professors and students alike ; that it is to us all that 
the laboratories of the university are to the chemists 
and physicists, all that the museum of natural liistory 
is to the zoologists, all that the botanical garden is to 
the botanists. 

From what I have already said it easily follows, 
first, that a good academic training, especially in the 
study of language, is a necessary qualification for the 
successful study of law ; secondly, that the study of 
law should be regular, systematic, and earnest, not 
interaaittent, desultory, or perfunctory ; thirdly, that 
tlie study should be prosecuted for a length of time 
bearing some reasonable proportion to the magnitude 
and difficulty of the subject. Accordingly, to secure 
the first of these objects, we have established an exam- 
ination for admission for such as are not graduates. 
To secure the third, we have made three years of 
study necessary in all cases for a degree. To secure 
the second, we have done several things. First, we 
have established a course of study which we require 
to be pursued in the prescribed order. Secondly, we 
have established annual examinations to be held at the 
end of each year in the work of that year. Thirdly, we 
require every candidate for a degree to pass his exam- 
inations in the studies of the first year at the end of 
his first year as a condition of being admitted into the 
second year, and in the studies of the second year as 
a condition of being admitted into the third year ; and 
we do not permit any one to pass his examinations in 
the studies of any year unless he has been regularly 
admitted into that year at the beginning of the year. 



88 THE LAW SCHOOL DAY. 

In other words, we do not permit any one to pass 
examinations in any studies except those of the year 
to which he belongs. Fourthly, we have increased 
the amount of instruction, in the last seventeen years, 
from ten hours a week to thirty-six hours a week. 
This enables us to give the whole of the three years' 
course every year, thus giving to each class its appro- 
priate instruction. 

The result of all these measures is that the School is 
strictly divided into three classes, each class doing the 
work which belongs to its year, and every man having 
the strongest possible inducements to do his work as 
it should be done and tvhen it should be done. 

Let it not be supposed that we are unmindful of the 
work of our predecessors ; we should indeed be un- 
grateful if we were. We do not forget that they 
began with nothing, while we have enjoyed the fruits 
of all their labors. We do not wish to disguise the 
fact that we could not have done our work, had we 
not had the labors of our predecessors to build upon 
as a foundation. 

Nor are we unmindful of the support and encour- 
agement which we have constantly received from the 
President of the University. He has never hesitated, 
wavered, or faltered when any responsibility was to 
be assumed or work to be done. 

Lastly, we are not unmindful of the support we 
have received from the students of the School, both 
while they were in the School and since they have 
left it. Without their support and co-operation, the 
various measures to which I have referred (many of 



HON. SAMUEL E. SEWALL'S ADDRESS. 89 

which could not have been expected to be popular 
measures) could never have been maintained. It has 
been in a great degree the eagerness with which they 
have always encountered difficulties, the ability with 
which they have followed the subtlest lines of reason- 
ing, and detected the slightest flaws or sophistries in 
argument, and the persistence with which they have 
refused to be satisfied so long as any doubt remained 
in their minds to be cleared up, that has given to 
the instructors such success as they have achieved. 
Finally, it is almost wliolly to their testimony, both 
while in the School and after leaving it, that the 
School is indebted for such public recognition as it 
has received. 

The President : Gentlemen, the origin of our School does 
not go back into the remotest antiquity. I rather supposed 
myself to be about the oldest graduate ; but I find that there 
are others here who surpass me in that particular. We are 
fortunate in having among us a gentleman who entered the 
School at its very origin, and who, having passed through a 
long career of usefulness in his profession, remains at a green 
old age to take satisfaction in our present enterprise. I beg 
to present to you Hon. Samuel E. Sewall. 

Mr. Sewall received a very enthusiastic greeting, at the 
conclusion of which he said : — 



HON. SAMUEL E. SEWALL. 

Mr. President, — It gives me the highest pleasure 
to meet so large an assembly of lawyers, q^pecially 
when they are engaged in so noble a work as the 



90 THE LAW SCHOOL DAY. 

improvement of legal education, and assisting tlie 
Harvard Law School. AVhen I look back upon my 
early entrance upon the profession, I see that tlie 
state of law at that time, especially the remedial part 
of it, was wretched. I seem to have lived in the dark 
ages. The first principle was that no man, excepting 
in certain special cases, could be a witness for himself. 
That was the strong principle on which the law was 
based. And no person tliat had the slightest interest 
in a case could be a witness for the party to be bene- 
fited by liis testimony. The first j^rinciple, at that 
time, of remedial law was, in England and all over 
the United States, to exclude one of the best means 
of obtaining evidence and getting at truth. Wise 
men seemed to think, in those days, that to exclude 
any sort of evidence was to assist at getting at the 
truth, because all men were liars. 

That, you know, is all changed. Then the next 
miserable thing in our law was the state of pleading. 
The artificial logical system, by which it was sup- 
posed that justice was promoted, proved in practice a 
complete failure; and every person who practised at 
that time will admit, I think, that it was a terrible 
period. Either a plaintiff or defendant might be 
driven out of court upon a point of pleading which 
had nothing- to do with the real merits of the action 
or the defence. Now, I repeat, that was a wretched 
state of things. 

Then, also, we may look a little further. We find 
that the Supreme Court had not full equity juris- 
diction. Their equity jurisdiction was exceedingly 



HON. SAMUEL E. SEWALL'S ADDRESS. 91 

meagre ; and it frequently happened that a man had 
a good case in hiw, — that is, had a right which was 
recognized hj all the courts, — but the remedies of 
the common law were entirely insufficient to vindicate 
those rights. He could not get an injunction in many 
cases ; he could not bring an action to enforce the 
specific performance of a contract ; and in many ways 
in which the direct remedies of equity would be use- 
ful the common law refused to act. This was ac- 
knowledged b}^ the courts, and has all been remedied 
since by our Supreme Court gaining full equity 
jurisdiction. 

Then there is another thing which at that time was 
very bad. We had no Court of Insolvency. Fre- 
quently nothing was done when a man failed ; but a 
scramble of the creditors to attach his property en- 
sued. If he made an assignment, the assignment was 
not always just, — that is, it did not put all the cred- 
itors upon an equality. There has been no remedy 
known for this except an insolvency system. A na- 
tional bankrupt act would be more perfect if we 
could get one; but, so far as the State goes, our 
insolvency system is a very good one. 

All these defects in legal remedies have, as you 
know, been to a great extent removed. 

I might go further, and specify other branches of 
the law that have been improved ; but I do not think 
it would be just to trespass upon your time in that 
way. It seems to me indeed, that, taking it alto- 
gether, the present state of the law in Massachusetts, 
as amended by statute, is as great an improvement 



92 THE LAW SCHOOL DAY. 

upon the old system as that magnificent Austin Hall 
is over the humble place in which I studied law. 

There is one branch of the law, however, which 
has been greatly expanded since I began practice, and 
that is the abstruse doctrine of fees and retainers, 
which has been studied with great success, not only 
in this State, but, I believe, still more in our sister 
State of New York. In that State, indeed, the re- 
searches of the profession have really thrown a golden 
light on this subject. 

The President : I will not at this time enter into any 
controversy with my venerable friend in regard to New York 
practices. I must allow him to have his way in that partic- 
ular ; besides, I suspect there is great truth in it. That 
comity, gentlemen, which is taught by the law, and which I 
hope will always be practised, advises us, and for other rear 
sons it is entirely agreeable, that we should hear, if possible, 
some gentlemen of the legal profession in other parts of the 
country. We now have with us a distinguished gentleman 
from Michigan. I beg to introduce to you Hon. Thomas M. 
CooLEY, late Chief Justice of Michigan. 

Judge Cooley, on rising, was greeted with applause. He 
said : — 



HOK. THOMAS M. COOLEY. 

Coming from a distant State to look in upon Har- 
vard in the day of its festivity, I have something of 
that feeling which we may suppose would have thrilled 
the explorer, Ponce de Leon, if in his search for the 
fountain of youth he had found the myth a reality, 
and been permitted a sight of the waters of perennial 



HON. THOMAS M. COOLEY'S ADDRESS. 93 

renovation. For here, indeed, we stand in the pres- 
ence of a true fountain of perpetual youth. Empires 
will be built up and be overthrown, but Harvard goes 
on forever, with a perpetual renewal of lusty youth, 
and a perpetual taking on of new vigor and new capa- 
bilities. For Harvard there is neither fear of time, 
nor doubt of time's beneficence ; and while trees grow 
and waters run, this school of learning will be noting 
the vicissitudes of nations, as they rise and fall, and 
calmly teaching the moral of their story to the youth 
of successive generations. 

But the Law School of Harvard, wdiicli more im- 
mediately receives our attention to-day, has a life and 
a vigor of its own, which has impressed the political 
institutions of the country more than most of us per- 
haps have realized. You who have gathered in this 
hall for good fellowship and pleasant reminiscence, 
though yourselves a part of its strength and its great- 
ness, will very naturally have the Law School in mind 
in its personal rather than its general aspects ; but 
one who unfortunately cannot claim the personal re- 
lation, but who nevertheless for many years has 
observed how Harvard, by its teachings and by the 
leadership of strong minds, has built itself into the 
political institutions of the land, making every com- 
monwealth and every municipality the better for its 
sound law and wholesome constitutional doctrine, must 
be permitted to look beyond the membership, and to 
say a word of results which have been the most strik- 
ing and impressive of all its grand realities. Those 
who are of the brotherhood may take delight in the 



94 THE LAW SCHOOL DAY. 

men who, in the forum or the senate, have made the 
Law School famous ; but one who is not of the house- 
hold may as an American indulge his patriotic pride 
in contemplating- what it has done for the whole 
country, and in confident anticipation of what it will 
do hereafter. Its beneficent influence has not been 
bounded by State lines, or limited to sectional divi- 
sions. The most adventurous pioneer who pene- 
trates the remote wilderness is likely, if his rights 
are brought in controversy, to find them determined 
on the authority of Harvard's great teachers ; and the 
political philosopher who studies the constitutional 
unity in diversity which the founders of the Republic 
hoped for but did not live to realize, will remember 
that the teachings of the Harvard Law School led 
steadily up to the great consummation, and that there 
went out from it an influence, born not less of con- 
viction than of sentiment, which in the hour of na- 
tional peril was as necessary to unity as the army 
itself. Indeed, it was the firm belief in the Federal 
Constitution as an instrument of indissoluble union 
that made an invincible army possible ; so that it is 
no small part of the just renown of Harvard that its 
legal oracles perceived the truth from the first, and 
maintained the faith, and taught it until it became 
irresistible. 

It has been my fortune to be to some extent in 
various ways a teacher of the law ; and in what I 
have done in that field I have taken pleasure in seek- 
ing wisdom from Harvard, and in accepting its guid- 
ance, — whether in presenting the principles of right 



HON. THOMAS M. COOLEY'S ADDRESS. 95 

which lie at the foundation of our inherited institu- 
tions, or in pointing out the necessary dependence of 
true liberty upon steady administration of law, or in 
inculcating the nobility of the lawyer's calling, which 
should be at once the effective instrument of justice 
and of true benevolence. If my efforts have not been 
in vain, I have done something to make tlie fact ob- 
vious, that, aside from physical needs, tlie State is 
most of all dependent for the happiness of its people 
upon a clear recognition and ready acceptance of the 
rules which determine and protect our rights. The 
sense of security, upon which public content not less 
than public liberty depends, must spring mainly from 
a steady administration of just laws ; and we fail to 
appreciate the dignity of our profession if we look 
for it either in profundity of learning or in forensic 
triumphs. These, however striking and notable, are 
only means to the great end for which the profession 
exists. Its reason for being must be found in the 
effective aid it renders to justice, and in the sense it 
gives of public security through its steady support of 
public order. 

These are commonplaces, but the strength of the 
law lies in its commonplace character ; and it becomes 
feeble and untrustworthy when it expresses something 
different from the common thoughts of men. Harvard 
in the past has been a great school of the common 
law ; and it will be a great school of a nobler common 
law in the future, as the common law improves with 
an improving and elevating humanity. So may it 
be ! And we in the distant West, whether between the 



96 THE LAW SCHOOL DAY. 

great lakes, or on the boundless prairies, or over the 
snow-crowned mountains, will bare our heads to it 
reverently as we behold it still "nourishing a youth 
sublime," while its " centuries behind it like a fruitful 
land repose." 

The President : Of course we are all of the opinion that 
the Law School is by far the most important department of the 
University ; but at the same time we must not forget that the 
University does exist, and should be noticed on this occasion. 
Allow me, therefore, to present to you President Euot. 



PKESIDEN^T ELIOT. 

As President Eliot rose he was greeted with tremendous 
applause and " Fair Harvard." After the applause had sub- 
sided, he said : — 

Mr. President and Gentlemen, — Formerly it was 
not the custom for the President of Harvard College 
to have anything to do with the professional schools. 
I remember the first time I went into Dane Hall after 
I was elected President. It was in the autumn of 
1869, a few weeks after the term began. I knocked 
at a door, which many of you remember, — the first 
door on the right after going through the outside door 
of the Hall, — and, entering, received the usual salu- 
tation of the ever genial Governor "Washburn, *' Oh, 
how are you f Take a chair," — this without look- 
ing at me at all. When he saw who it was, he held up 
both his hands with his favorite gesture, and said, '' I 
declare, I never before saw a President of Harvard 



PRESIDENT ELIOT'S ADDRESS. 97 

College in this building ! " Still, all precedent to the 
contrary notwithstanding, I did propose to make my- 
self acquainted with the needs and plans of all the 
departments, and particularly of the Law School as 
one of the most important. Then and there I took a 
lesson nnder one of the kindest and most sympathetic 
of teachers. 

The next winter Professor Parsons, one of the veter- 
ans of the School, resigned, and the Dane professorship 
became vacant. Then I remembered that when I was 
a junior in college, in the year 1851-1852, and nsed 
to go often in the early evening to the room of a friend 
who was in the Divinity School, I there heard a young 
man who was making the notes to "Parsons on Con- 
tracts " talk about law. He was generally eating his 
supper at the time, standing up in front of the fire 
and eating with good appetite a bowl of brown bread 
and milk. I was a mere boy, only eighteen years old ; 
but it was given to me to understand that I was listen- 
ing to a man of genius. In the year 1870 I recalled 
the remarkable quality of that young man's exposi- 
tions, sought him in New York, and induced him to 
become Dane professor. So he became Professor 
Langdell. He then told me, in 1870, a great many 
of the things he has told you this afternoon : I have 
heard most of his speech before. He told me that 
law was a science : I w^as quite prepared to believe 
it. He told me that the way to study a science was 
to go to the original sources. I knew that was true, 
for I had been brought up in the science of chemistry 
myself; and one of the first rules of a conscientious 

7 



98 THE LAW SCHOOL DAY. 

student of science is never to take a fact or a principle 
out of second-hand treatises, but to go to tlie original 
memoir of the discoverer of that fact or principle. 
Out of these two fundamental propositions, — tliat law 
is a science, and that a science is to be studied in its 
sources, — there gradually grew, first, a new method 
of teaching law ; and secondly, a reconstruction of the 
curriculum of the School. 

So, with great patience, in the course of fifteen or six- 
teen 3'ears, chiefly, as Professor Langdell has pointed 
out, by the steady devotion of the professors to a pol- 
icy of thoroughness, and through the zeal and intel- 
ligence with which that policy has been apprehended 
and adopted by the most successful students of the 
School, — gradually, as I say, building on all that was 
good in the past, this School has been converted into a 
scientific school of law without losing its best qualities 
as a practical school of law. I have witnessed no 
change in the University during the last seventeen 
years which is more satisfactory to all those who 
have taken part in it, or more important wdth refer- 
ence to the ultimate interests of the community, than 
this development. 

I need not say that I have seen four professors 
added to the Faculty since Professor Langdell's ac- 
cession ; and if genius be a remarkable capacity for 
work, they are all men of genius. 

Gentlemen, in the presence of this distinguished 
assembly of lawyers it would be unbecoming in me, 
who am the only layman present, to say more. No 
University event has been more agreeable to me 



GEN. ALEXANDER R. LAWTON'S ADDRESS. 99 

during the last seventeen years than the institution of 
this Association. For it tells all of us who have our 
hearts in this School and earnestly desire its future 
prosperity, that the School is to receive that without 

which no professional school can greatly prosper, the 

cordial support of the profession which it feeds. 

The President: I think, gentlemen, that it was always 
one of the passions, so to speak, of those who have presided 
over the destinies of the Law School to cultivate the senti- 
ment of the unity of our nation. Some of them passed away 
before that fearful conflict came wliich rent it in twain. I 
think, however, it is a most fortunate circumstance that we 
inaugurate the present movement with a reunited land, which 
gives us the advantage of hearing from those former members 
of the School who came from the South, — a pleasure of which 
we might otherwise be deprived. And I now have the pleasure 
of introducing to you Gen. Alexander R, Lawton, of Georgia 
who graduated from the Law School in 1842. 



6^«j 



GEK ALEXANDER R. LAWTON. 

As General Lawton rose, Mr. Roger Wolcott proposed 
" three cheers for General Lawton, of Georgia," which were 
vigorously given, and were followed by loud applause. When 
this had subsided, General Lawton said : — 

It seems that my place in the ''short calendar" 
has been reached. I promise to keep within the time 
prescribed. You will doubtless discover also that my 
part is in keeping with that other characteristic as- 
cribed to the short calendar by our President, — 
" there is very little in it." 



100 THE LAW SCHOOL DAY. 

When I was kindly invited to join with those who 
had been members of the Harvard Law School in 
forming this Association, I was much impressed by a 
sentence in the address of yom- presiding officer at the 
preliminary meeting, as reported in a newspaper which 
reached me at the same time. " Fortunately," said 
he, " there is now no serious danger of a physical 
disruption of this great government, but possibly of 
a chemical disintegration for want of that connection 
and association with and knowledge of each other 
which lead to mutual confidence and affection," — and 
gave that as a good reason for thus calling u.s together. 
I believe it was the gentleman on my right [turning to 
Hon. George 0. Shattuck] who uttered this sentiment, 
and I heartily indorse and respond to every word of 
it. It seems to me that, next to the promotion of the 
highest order of legal education, the very object for 
which we should come together is to supply that de- 
ficiency and avert that danger. 

How much better do we of the North and the South 
really know each other now than we did twenty-five 
years ago, before the great collision took place ! We 
have learned by contact ; and the world now knows, 
as matter of history, that it was not all temper and 
ebullition on the one side, nor all calculation and 
money-loving on the other, — as many on both sides 
had believed. The great struggle has demonstrated 
that sentiment existed and controlled in the highest 
degree in this colder region, where money-loving and 
money-getting were supposed by some to have absolute 
sway, — that under a warmer sun heroic endurance of 



GEN. ALEXANDER R. LAWTON'S ADDRESS. 101 

suffering, of loss, of poverty, of disappointment, was 
exhibited to an extent rarely if ever seen before in the 
history of war, where ebullitions of temper and momen- 
tary displays of courage were believed to constitute the 
great gifts of that people. I invade not the domain of 
politics, and only allude to sectional strife that we may 
discover how much has been accomplished by actual 
association, better knowledge, and even physical con- 
tact with each other, — though much of that contact 
may have occurred on the field of battle. 

Haying learned more fully to appreciate the differ- 
ences caused by origin, climate, early training, occu- 
pation, and other belongings, we now know that it is 
not possible, nor indeed desirable, in a country with 
such an area as this — thirty-eight States and numer- 
ous Territories — for all to be alike in feelings, views, 
habits, and manners. Thank God ! we can now come 
together without explanation or apology, and confi- 
dently expect that these minor differences will not 
merely be tolerated but appreciated, in order that, 
where unity and concentration are of greatest im- 
portance, we may the more readily move on together 
in solid phalanx. 

For my part, gentlemen, having enjoyed the advan- 
tages of the Harvard Law School in the last days of 
Story and Greenleaf, you will pardon me if I am not 
only loyal to their memories, but also to their methods 
of teaching, from which I derived not only such sincere 
pleasure, but so large a part of whatever professional 
training I ever received. Without referring, except 
in praise, to your present methods of instruction, in 



102 THE LAW SCHOOL DAY. 

this presence, I stand by the men and the methods of 
that day. Unlike tlie distinguished gentleman on my 
left [Judge Cooley], I am moved by pleasant memories 
and "personal experience" amid these surroundings, 
and cannot refer to them without emotion. What a 
privilege to sit under the teachings of Story and 
Greenleaf ! No man with intellect or soul could fail 
to appreciate it. I speak not here of those grander 
gifts and attainments which gave to Story his world- 
wide reputation; but who that ever felt their influ- 
ence can forget his genial manner, happy temper, and 
charming methods of beguiling you into a love of 
the law ? Some of you have seen him preside at a 
Moot Court, when he would say, " Gentlemen, this 
is the High Court of Errors and Appeals from all 
other courts in the world ; " then he would add, '* Tell 
me not of the last decided case having overruled any 
great principle, — not at all. Give me the principle, 
even if you find it laid down in the Institutes of Hin- 
du Law." Pardon me for enjoying the conviction 
that such methods were not vicious, even though an- 
tiquated ! I well remember in what terms of exalted 
praise the Chief Justice of England spoke of Green- 
leaf, at an entertainment where it was my fortune to 
be present. He declined to regard his fame as all be- 
longing to us, but said that England claimed him as 
well, and that ''wherever there is an English-speaking 
people living under English law, Greenleaf is recog- 
nized as high authority." It was through these men 
— their example and their teachings — that I was 
brought into loving association with Harvard and its 



GEN. ALEXANDER R. LAWTON'S ADDRESS. 103 

surroundings. I can never forget and only desire to 
perpetuate them. I travel not far out of this line of 
tliouo-lit when I add, that the advantages of Harvard 
in all its departments are most happily affected by 
social surroundings and a literary atmosphere. The 
most cultivated community in America adds all its 
attractions to the sterner opportunities within college 
walls, and these unite to reach the happiest results. 

In attaching so much importance to this "face to 
face " instruction, we may be met by the scholar with 
a protest. " Come with me to the library," he saj^s; 
" there learn from books, through which the great, the 
wise, the gifted of earth, not as they lived in mate- 
rial forms wdth the frailties of our common humanity 
about them, but as in moments of purest inspiration 
and sublimest achievement made their thoughts and 
themselves immortal." I still venture to insist on 
the greater advantages of that method of instruc- 
tion, where the voice and eye and ear all combine to 
stimulate and enlighten, and the human countenance, 
with its magnetic power, leads on to affection, desire, 
and accomplishment. 

One word more, and I take my seat. Gentlemen of 
the legal profession, during that period of darkness 
familiarly known as the "reconstruction period" the 
first ray of light to illumine it was flashed forth from 
the judicial department of the government. When 
that South-land was under military-proconsular gov- 
ernment, and divided into "Districts Number One, 
Two, Three," we trembled for the autonomy of the 
States, and feared lest the lines of State authority had 



f 



104 THE LAW SCHOOL DAY. 

become so dim that they might nevermore be seen 
by that unhappy people. Then it was that out of 
our profession, in a case at law earnestly argued and 
solemnly decided, the Supreme Court of the United 
States electrified the country and gladdened our hearts 
by the announcement that this is '^ an indissoluble 
Union of indestructible States." Wlio so bold as to 
seriously dispute it, after the highest Court in the 
land, with the recent past in view, thus proclaimed 
the fundamental law of this dual government 1 Noth- 
ing is so powerful to convince or restrain as a formal 
judicial decision reached through regular channels. 
Nothing that Congress could have said, no utterances 
from pulpit or public meeting, could have been so 
comforting or reassuring in that hour of suffering 
and uncertainty. And thus are we permitted to claim 
for our noble profession the first rank in the final 
disposition of great and pressing questions. 

Brethren of the Bar, what event can make us feel 
more proud of our profession^ 

I fear that I have been beguiled by my theme to 
break my promise and forget the limit of time as- 
signed me. May we often meet again as we do to- 
day ! I came with happy memories of Harvard and 
its belongings, in the long-gone past. I shall now go 
away with relations to it made still happier and more 
tender by the events and recollections of to-day. 

The President : Gentlemen, the great and principal object, 
after all, of a legal education is to minister to the actual busi- 
ness of life, and to create a profession the members of which 
in the actual business of life shall be able to bear their part. 



HON". GEORGE O. SHATTUCK'S ADDRESS. 105 

And it is very important that that class of men should cor- 
rectly appreciate and be correctly appreciated by this School. 
I am going to call upon a gentleman who is a representative 
of that class. I beg to present Hon. George 0. Shattuck, 
of Boston. 



HON. GEORGE 0. SHATTUCK. 

Gentlemen of the Harvard Law-School Association : 

The Bar took no part in laying tlie foundations of 
Harvard College. We can make no claim here to-day 
by reason of that service. Although some of the men 
— those eminent and sagacious men — who promoted 
the founding of this college had read law in England, 
the atmosphere was not favorable to the practice of the 
law, and in 1636 there were no law^^ers in the infant 
colony. It was most unfortunate for the colony. No 
man can read the gloomy records of the seventeenth 
century without regret that those dismal years of 
poverty and theological strife were not illumined by 
the gladsome light of jurisprudence. So feeble were 
the beginnings, that Harvard College had arrived at 
the age of more than fifty years before she gave birth 
to one properly educated lawyer. Judge Benjamin 
Lynde is believed to have been the first. It was not 
until after the Revolution, after the college had arrived 
at the ripe age of one hundred and forty-eight years, 
that she admitted a lawyer to her councils to take part 
as a member of the corporation. The man who re- 
ceived this honor was John Lowell, and from that day 
to this the name has been illustrious in the annals of 



106 THE LAW SCHOOL DAY. 

the college ; and if I may quote the opinion of Dr. 
Walker, given twenty-five years ago, it ought to stand 
first among the benefactors of Harvard College and of 
the city of Boston. 

From that day, when the college first received the 
wise counsel of one of our brethren, the Bar has never 
been without a strong representation in its manage- 
ment. For a century the Bar has given its best to 
the college. In the corporation have been Theophilus 
Parsons, Christopher Gore, Charles Jackson, Harrison 
Gray Otis, Joseph Story, Lemuel Shaw, Benjamin R. 
Curtis, Charles G. Loring, George T. Bigelow, and 
others among the living whom I will not name. Chris- 
topher Gore was for many years the largest benefactor 
of the college. Since the overseers have been elected 
by the alumni, the majority of that body have been 
bred to the law. Some of them, it is true, have wan- 
dered from its rugged paths into the more inviting 
fields of literature and politics, but I can safely say 
that the great educational movement of the last ten 
years has been supported by our jn'ofession; and if 
any wholesome limitations have been placed on the 
autocratic power which with so much wisdom and 
vigor now rules the college, our fraternity have had 
a large share in imposing them. And while our pro- 
fession has thus by slow and painful steps climbed to 
its place of power and influence in the University, and 
has rendered it some service, who can tell what the 
University has done for us ? Even before it recognized 
the members of our profession and admitted them 
to its management, it had given us Otis, Adams — 



FRANK W. HACKETT'S ADDRESS. 107 

Samuel and John — and tlie Quincys, the great lead- 
ers of the Revolution. But why do our hearts warm 
with gratitude to-day ! It is not because the college 
has done much for our profession ; it is not that it 
has given us a few great lights, more or less illus- 
trious ; but it is because we, with the thousands who 
have been within its walls, feel that we have lived 
better, richer, and stronger lives because in the days 
of our youth we sat in her seats, and listened to her 
words of wisdom. 

The President : I have in mind one of our enthusiastic 
members who has carried the renown of Harvard to a dis- 
tance from home. I think you will like to hear from him on 
this occasion. If he is here I would like to introduce to you 
Frank W. Hackett, Esq., of the Washington Bar. 



FEANK W. HACKETT. 

Me. President, — Believing that I possess a fair 
share of that diffidence which is the crowning glory 
of our profession, I hardly know what to do. Under 
ordinary circumstances I should have carefully re- 
frained from any response whatever, and should have 
sought by disappearing to avoid answering your very 
flattering and unmerited introduction. But, sir, I will 
carry out the suggestion which you have so happily 
made, that you are upon the bench as a Chief Justice. 
I shall take the liberty of using a term which is much 
more familiar to me than that of president, and I shall 
address you as ''Your Honor." 



108 THE LAW SCHOOL DAY. 

I feel upon tins occasion, if your Honor please, that 
I have been retained by my brethren around me here 
to argue their case in response to what we have heard 
from the bench. We are a pretty good-natured set of 
fellows, but we are not accustomed to be talked at for 
two hours without being given some chance to reply. 
Although I feel myself wholly unequal to such a 
task, I feel it my duty at least to undertake it. I 
was reminded, when considering the solid chunks of 
wisdom which have come from that quarter, of the 
opening speech with which a young limb of the law 
addressed the court early in his career. He said : 
*' Your Honors do not sit there like marble statues, 
to be wafted about by every idle breeze." Let me 
remind you that you have an advantage, because 
you have been sitting with your backs to the clock, 
whereas it has been staring us in the face. 

Lawyers are equal to every occasion. Although 
accustomed to speak in the court-house, they seem 
to do quite as well in the gymnasium. I never have 
had an opportunity myself to speak or eat in a gym- 
nasium before, but it seems a very comfortable sort 
of place. I am struck with the fact that they have 
very appropriately located me alongside of the heavy 
weights. I am totally unaware of the reason why I 
have been called up. I did prepare a speech some 
twenty years ago, but not having been called upon 
at that time, or since, it has become I fear a little 
antique. However, being on my feet, I want to ex- 
plain one thing. I am given to understand that the 
city where I live has a pretty bad reputation. I want 



FRANK W. HACKETT'S ADDRESS. 109 

to explain why I found the atmosphere of Boston 
altogether too pure for me, and so emigrated to 
Washington. 

My classmate, of whom I never was so proud as at 
this moment, happily alluded in his oration this morn- 
ing to the necessity of practical education in a law 
school. Now I want you distinctly to understand 
that a few of us got a practical education here that 
was somewhat unique. I doubt whether many of 
you gentlemen present have had an opportunity to 
study criminal law in the dock. That great blessing 
was conferred on me. I will make a short story of it. 
Passing innocently through the college grounds one 
night (these fellows, by the way, invariably happen to 
be innocent!), by some complication I found myself at 
the station house. I never had given much attention 
to the subject of bail, but it became to me then a very 
practical question. It was two o'clock in the morning 
before I found my way to my domicile. I had re- 
ceived a pressing invitation that night to meet Judge 
Ladd at nine o'clock the next morning. I was there ; 
and a large part of the Law School honored me by 
their presence on that occasion. A cruel and unus- 
ual punishment was inflicted by Mr. Justice Ladd in 
the shape of a moral lecture of about half an hour. 
That night was the turning point of my career. I 
emigrated. 

That I may not convey a wrong impression, I want 
to state, before I sit down, that we have some people 
there of whom we are proud. When I started out on 
a collecting expedition — the first business of that 



110 THE LAW SCHOOL DAY. 

nature tliat I have had for some time — among the 
Harvard Law School graduates, although they are 
not numerous, I could not help being struck with the 
character that they exhibited. We have on our rolls 
an Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of the 
United States ; two Cabinet Officers ; the Chief Jus- 
tice of the Court of Claims ; a Judge of the Supreme 
Court of the District of Columbia ; an Assistant Attor- 
ney-General of the United States, and an Assistant 
Secretary of the Treasury; and — modesty forbids 
my making further mention. The rest of us, I believe, 
are not altogether unknown. 

The President : I have down on the calendar here a pro- 
fessor who has protested against being called upon ; but I 
must follow out the programme, and present to you Professor 
John C. Gray. His known antipathy to the perpetuities will 
at least insure us a short speech. 

Professor Gray was received with hearty applause. 



PROFESSOR JOHN C. GRAY. 

Mr. Chairman and Gentlemen, — I certainly under- 
stood from his Honor that I was not to be called upon. 
Nearly everything that can be said about the School has 
been said, and there really is nothing for me to add. 

Mr. Justice Holmes hit what I think is the merit of 
the School, so far as it has any merit, that we try to 
teach the law in a large manner, but not, on that 
account, in any the less practical way. If any gentle- 
men present doubt about the practical merit of our 
teaching, or if they have any friends who doubt about 



PROFESSOR JOHN C. GRAY'S ADDRESS. Ill 

it, I would commend to them the Httle tract on which 
our examination papers are printed at the end of 
every year. If they will look over those papers, — I 
do not say it of every question, perhaps not of every 
paper, — but if they will look at those papers taken 
together, they will see that the questions relate not 
to fancy or to merely theoretical points ; they will see 
that any man who can answer all these papers — as 
many students whom we turn out every year can 
answer them — is well fitted to meet the real ques- 
tions which arise in practice. 

When a doubt occurs to me whether sometimes, as 
is the danger in academic teaching, we are not getting 
too far away from the world around us, I think of 
these papers, and feel satisfied that what we teach 
closely touches real life. 

When I was a law student I read twenty or thirty 
text-books through : I fear little of them remained in 
my mind. I had to begin again with the study of 
particular cases and learn my law in that way. We 
try to save our students that experience, and start 
them in the way of practical learning tlu-ee years 
earlier than if, as is so often the case, they had to 
acquire such learning after they have been admitted 
to the Bar. 

The Peesident : Well, now, gentlemen, the shades of night 
are closing about us. I had intended calling upon a very old 
friend of the University and this School, but he has protested 
against it. But perhaps Judge Hoar will now play — 

[At this point the President glanced towards Judge Hoar, 
who was looking at him with a countenance apparently 



112 THE LAW SCHOOL DAY. 

expressive of great displeasure. The company noticed this 
little by-play, and broke into loud laughter and applause. 
Whereupon the President resumed :] 

I was going to say that perhaps Judge Hoar will play the 
office of crier, and adjourn the court ; but he may extend his 
remarks if he desires. 

Judge Hoar was received with most enthusiastic applause. 



HON. E. R. HOAR. 

I EXPECTED, Mr. President, that you were calling 
me up as a reminiscence, — a capacity which, on re- 
flection, after what I have heard to-day, I am tolerably 
well qualified to fill. I feel a good deal like the old 
friend of mine who went to a public dinner on one 
occasion, and they said he was a most remarkable 
old gentleman ; that before dinner he remembered 
General Washington, and that after dinner he remem- 
bered Christopher Columbus. 

I was reminded, by what was said by our orator 
to-day, that I have personally known every instructor 
in the law at this University from the beginning. I 
knew, as a boy. Chief Justice Parker. I knew Pro- 
fessor Stearns very well, as a boy and as a young man. 
I had the pleasure of some acquaintance with that 
model teacher, whose light went out too early for this 
institution and for the society around him, — John 
Hooker Ashmun, whose epitaph at Mt. Auburn con- 
tains that summary of the character of a great lawyer: 
" He had the beauty of accuracy in his understanding, 
and the beauty of uprightness in his character." I 
was here, sharing with the gentleman from Georgia 



HON. E. R. HOAR'S ADDRESS. 113 

on my left, wlio has addressed you, in the instruction 
of Story and Greenleaf ; and I left the Law School to 
go into the office of one who subsequently became 
one of your most valuable instructors, Emory Wash- 
burn. My relations to this institution are therefore 
very strong and tender. I have had the pleasure twice 
before of attending a dinner of the graduates of the 
institution and members of the Law School. I do 
not suppose that many of the younger part of this 
audience know that such a thing ever occurred be- 
fore. But it was tried on two occasions ; and I hope 
this third experiment will differ from those in this, 
— that you will not allow it to die out for want of 
speedy repetition. 

I cannot say that in our day we used to have the 
School divided quite so accurately into three distinct 
classes as Professor Langdell insists that it now is. 
He put me in mind a little of what a friend of mine, 
"who was a lawyer in this neighborhood, told me 
when, the year before he began his studies as a law- 
yer, he went to a neighboring theological institution 
(not in Cambridge) for the purpose of studying theol- 
ogy, although he intended afterward to be a lawyer. 
I asked him what sort of folks he found there to as- 
sociate with. Well, he said, that school was carefully 
divided into three classes. The first had piety with- 
out talents ; the second had talents without piety ; and 
the third had neither. 

It is too late to go on and make a speech. Yet as 
one of the side judges, to carry out the figure of the 
presiding officer, I will simply say that I concur in the 



114 THE LAW SCHOOL DAY. 

opinion that he delivered in another place, and en- 
tirely concur in the opinion that he expressed here, — 
that he would better not say a great deal more, and 
that his example be generally followed by his asso- 
ciates. If I am to close the meeting, I think I prefer 
to do it, instead of in the ordinary phrase of a crier, 
by pronouncing a benediction in words which have 
frequently, through my long professional career, ex- 
perience, and acquaintance, been brought to my mind 
as the chief consolation and reward of lawyers, — 
** Blessed are the peacemakers." 

The President : If you are inclined to give one cheer for 
the Harvard Law School and the Harvard Law School Asso- 
ciation, our marshal will lead. 

The cheers were given with a will, and the gathering broke 
up at 5: 15 p. m. 



NAMES REGISTERED. 115 

KEGISTERED AT THE LAW SCHOOL. 

November 5, 1886. 



The names without occupation are almost entirely those of lawyers, though a few signers 
failed to fill out the blank in respect to this point. 

Abbot, Edwin Hale, Counsellor and Trustee of 

Railways Milwaukee, Wis. 

Allen, Thomas Cavleton, Cleric Supreme Cf., N. B. Fredericton, N. B. 

Angell, Elgin Adalbert Cleveland, 0. 

Appleton, John Henry Cambridge. 

Avery, Edward Boston. 

Ayers, George David Maiden. 

Babson, Thomas McCrate Boston. 

Bachelder, Thomas Cogswell South Boston. 

Bailey, Harrison Fitchburg. 

Bailey, Hollis Russell Boston. 

Ball, George Homer Worcester. 

Barnes, Charles Maynard Boston. 

Bartlett, Charles Ilammat Bangor, Me. 

Batchelder, Samuel Cambridge. 

Baum, James Henry, Pottery Business .... East Liverpool, O. 
Bendelari, Giorgio Anacleto Corrado, Professor 

Modern Languages, Yale University .... New Haven, Conn. 

Bent, Samuel Arthur Boston. 

Bicknell, Edward Boston. 

Biddle, Edward John, '■'■Newspaperman" . . . St. Louis, Mo. 

Bishop, Robert Roberts Newton. 

Blackmar, Wilmon Whilldin Boston. 

Blodgett, Warren Kendall, Jr Boston. 

BoUes, Frank, Secretary Harvard College . . . Cambridge. 

Bonapai-te, Charles Joseph Baltimore, Md. 

Bouve, Walter Lincoln Hingham. 

Bradford, George Hillard Roxbury. 

Bradish, Frank Eliot Boston. 

Brooks, James Willson, Business Cambridge. 

Brown, Howard Kinmonth Framingiiam. 

Brown, William Bailey Clark, Student Harvard 

Law School Independence, Mo. 



116 THE LAW SCHOOL DAY. 

Brown, William Reynolds, Real Estate .... New York, N. Y. 

Brown, John Merrill Boston. 

Brush, Abraham Stephens Boston. 

Buffum, Walter Nutting Boston. 

BuUard, John Richards Dedhara. 

Burnham, Telford Chicago, 111. 

Casas, William Beltran de las Maiden. 

Caverly, Robert Boody, Writing of Books . . . Lowell. 

Child, Linus Mason Boston. 

Churchill, Asaph Boston. 

Churchill, Charles Marshall Spring Milton. 

Clifford, Charles Warren New Bedford. 

Clifford, Walter New Bedford. 

Cole, John Hannn New York, N. Y. 

Cook, Frank Gaylord Cambridge. 

Coolidge, Joseph Randolph, Retired Boston. 

Coolidge, William Henry Natick. 

Crocker, George Glover Boston. 

Cummings, Samuel Wells, Real Estate .... Boston. 

Gushing, Livingston Weston. 

Cushman, Archibald Falconer New York, N. Y. 

Dacey, Timothy John ■ . Boston. 

Dana, James Boston. 

Dana, Richard Henry Boston. 

Danforth, Henry Gold Rochester, N. Y. 

Davis, Charles Thornton, Student Newton. 

Davis, Edward Livingston Worcester. 

Davis, Simon Boston. 

Deming, Horace Edward New York, N. Y. 

Denniston, Arthur Clark Philadelphia, Pa. 

Dewey, George Tufts Worcester. 

Dickson, Joseph St. Louis, Mo. 

Du Bois, Loren Griswold Boston. 

Dudley, Sanford Harrison Cambridge. 

Duff, William Frederick Boston. 

Duggan, Roland Augustus Atlantic. 

Dunbar, Charles Franklin, Prof. Harv. Univ. . . Cambridge. 

Dyer, Micah, Jr Dorchester (Boston). 

Eaton, Dorman Bridgman New York, N. Y. 

Eaton, George Herbert Lawrence. 

Ela, Richard, Agent Standard Turning Works . . Cambridge. 

Ellis, Ralph Waterbury Springfield. 

Elting, Irving Poughkeepsie, N. Y. 

Emery, Samuel Hopkins, Jr Concord. 

Emery, Woodbury, Post-Office Boston. 

Emery, Woodward Cambridge. 

Ensign, Charles Sidney Newtou. 



NAMES REGISTERED. 117 

Estabrook, George William Boston. 

Everett, William, ScJwohnaster Quincy. 

Farley, James Phillips, Jr Beverly Farms. 

Fisher, Horace Newton, Consul of Chili .... Boston. 

Fox, Austen George New York, N. Y. 

Fox, Jabez Cambridge. 

Fuller, Henry Weld Boston. 

Gaston, William Alexander Boston. 

Gould, John Melville, Lawyer and Librarian . . Newton. 

Gove, William Henry Salem. 

Grant, Ronald Cameron St. John, N. B. 

Gray, Morris Chestnut Hill. 

Gray, Reginald Boston, 

Green, James Worcester. 

Gregory, Charles Augustus Chicago, 111. 

Gregory, Francis Brooke Fredericton, N. B. 

Grinnell, Charles Edward Boston. 

Griswold, Freeman Clark Greenfield. 

Hackett, Frank Warren Washington, D. C. 

Hale, Abraham Garland Randall Rock Bottom. 

Hamlin, Charles Sumner Roxbury. 

Harding, Emor Herbert Boston. 

Hardon, Henry Winthrop New York, N. Y. 

Hartwell, Alfred Stedman South Natick. 

Haskins, David Greene, Jr Cambridge. 

Hathaway, Amos Lawrence Boston. 

Hemenway, Charles Morrison Somerville. 

Hoar, Samuel Concord. 

Hoar, Sherman Waltham, 

Holden, Joshua Bennett Boston. 

Holway, Melvin Smith Augusta, Me. 

Homer, Thomas Johnston Roxbury. 

Howe, Archibald Murray Cambridge. 

Howland, William Russell Cambridge. 

Hudson, Woodward Concord. 

Hulse, Samuel Yaughan Newark, N. J. 

Huntington, Arthur Lord Salem. 

Hutchins, Edward Webster Boston. 

Hutchinson, Gardiner Spring, Merchant . . . New York, N. Y. 

Ingalsbe, Grenville Mellen Sandy Hill, N. Y. 

Jacobs, Justin Allen, City Clerk Cambridge. 

James, George Abbot Nahant. 

Jones, Arthur Earl Cambridge. 

Jones, Leonard Augustus, Latvyer and Author . . Boston. 

Keasbey, Edward Quinton Newark, N. J. 

Kendall, Robert Bruce Chicago, 111. 

Kent, Edward, Student of Law New York, N. Y. 



118 THE LAW SCHOOL DAY. 

Keyes, Charles Oilman Jamaica Plain. 

Keyes, Prescott Concord. 

Kidder, Camillus George New York, N. Y. 

Knowlton, Thomas Oaks New Boston, N. H. 

Ladd, Babson Savilian Boston. 

Lathrop, John Boston. 

Lawrence, George Porter Cambridge. 

Lawrence, Rosewell Bigelow Medford. 

Lawrence, William Badger Medford. 

Levy, Harry Milton, Merchant Cincinnati, O. 

Lincoln, Arthur Boston. 

Lincoln, Solomon Boston. 

Loring, Augustus Peabody Boston. 

Loring, William Caleb Boston. 

Lothrop, Arthur Prescott Taunton. 

Lowell, Abbott Lawrence Boston. 

Lowell, John Chestnut Hill. 

McClure, Edward Woodbridge Concord. 

McCoy, Walter Irving New York, N. Y. 

McDaniel, Samuel Walton Cambridge. 

Mclnnes, Edwin Guthrie Maiden. 

Mclntire, Charles John Cambridge. 

Mclntire, Fred Somerville. 

Mack, Alfred Cincinnati, O. 

Mack, Julian William, Student Harvard Law School Cincinnati, O. 

McKeever, Henry Francis Boston. 

Mansfield, Ex Sumner Brookline. 

Marrett, Lorenzo . . „ Cambridgeport. 

Merrill, Charles Benjamin Portland, Me. 

Milliken, Frank Albion New Bedford. 

Miuot, Laurence, Student Boston. 

Minot, Robert Sedgwick Boston 

Morison, John Holmes Boston. 

Morse, Nathan Boston. 

Morse, Robert McNeil, Jr Boston. 

Morton, Marcus, Jr. Andover. 

Motte, Ellis Loring Boston. 

Munroe, William Adams Cambridge. 

Myers, James Jefferson Cambridge. 

Nettleton, Edward Payson Boston. 

Nickerson, George Augustus Boston. 

Norcross, Grenville Howland ....... Boston. 

Norcross, Otis Boston. 

Norris, Samuel, Jr Bristol, R. L 

Ordronaux, John Roslyn, N. Y. 

Otis, Albert Boyd Boston. 

Otterson, James F. J Marlborough. 



NAIklES REGISTERED. 119 

Parkman, Henry Boston. 

Parmenter, James Parker Arlington. 

Parmenter, William Hale, Shoe Manufacturer . . Boston. 
Patterson, Rev. George Herbert, Rector, Berkeley 

School Providence, R. I. 

Payson, Edward Payson Boston. 

Pellew, George Boston. 

Phillips, Willard Quincy Paris, France. 

Pickering, Henry Goddard Boston. 

Pierce, Edward Peter Fitchburg. 

Pinney, George Miller New York, N. Y. 

Poor, Albert Boston. 

Prentiss, John Boston. 

Putnam, Henry Ware Boston. 

Rackemann, Charles Sedgwick Boston. 

Rackemann, Felix Boston. 

Rand, Edward Lathrop Cambridge. 

Rawle, Francis Philadelphia, Pa. 

Raymond, Robert Fulton New Bedford. 

Read, Charles Coolidge Cambridge. 

Reardon, John Joseph Holyoke. 

Reed, Charles Montgomery o . Boston. 

Reed, Frederick . . . Boston. 

Reed, Joseph Wheeler Maynard. 

Richards, W^illiam Reuben Boston. 

Richardson, William Minard Cambridge. 

Riley, Thomas Boston. 

Robinson, Nelson Lemuel Canton, N. Y. 

Ropes, John Codman Boston. 

Sampson, Alden, Literature New York, N. Y. 

Saunders, Charles Gurley Boston. 

Sears, Philip Howes Boston. 

Sewall, Samuel Edmund Melrose. 

Simmons, John Franklin Abington. 

Smith, Henry Augustus Roxbury. 

Smith, Robert Dickson Boston. 

Smith, William Henry Leland, Retired .... Boston. 

Spaulding, John Boston. 

Spelman, Henry Munson Cambridge. 

Stackpole, Joseph Lewis Boston. 

Starbuck, Heni-y Pease New York, N. Y. 

Starr, Benjamin Charles Cleveland, O. 

Stevens, Charles Frank Worcester. 

Storer, John Humphreys, Real Estate .... Boston. 

Sullivan, Cornelius Patrick Boston. 

Sullivan, Jeremiah Henry, Clerk East Cambridge. 

Sullivan, Richard Boston. 



120 THE LAW SCHOOL DAY. 

Suter, Hales Wallace Boston. 

Swift, Henry Walton Boston. 

Taussig, Frank William, Professor Harv. Univ. . Cambridge. 

Thacher, Stephen Boston. 

Thayer, Albert Smith New York, N. Y. 

Thompson, Lucian Bisbee Boston. 

Thorn dike, Samuel Lothrop Cambridge. 

Tiffany, Francis Buchanan Boston. 

Tompson, Edward William Emery Brookline. 

Towne, Truenian Benjamin Boston. 

Tuttle, William Henry Harrison Arlington. 

Tyler, John Ford Boston. 

Underwood, Adin Ballou Boston. 

Van Slyck, Cyrus Manchester Providence, R. L 

Vaughan, William Warren Boston. 

Wadsworth, Alexander Fairfield Boston. 

Wakefield, John Lathrop Dedhara. 

Wales, George Worcester Burlington, Vt. 

Ware, Charles Eliot, Jr Fitchburg. 

Warner, Henry Eldridge Cambridge. 

Warner, Joseph Bangs Cambridge. 

Waterhouse, Frank Shepard Portland, Me. 

Wendell, Barrett, Instructor in Harvard College . Boston. 

Wenzell, Henry Burleigh St. Paul, Minn. 

Weston, Melville Moore Boston. 

Wharton, William Fisher Boston. 

White, Moses Perkins Cambridge. 

Wigglesworth, George Boston. 

Willard, Joseph Boston. 

Wilson, Frank Sanford, Me. 

Wilson, John Thomas Winchester. 

Winkler, Alexander, Student Harvard Law School . Cincinnati, O. 

Winslow, John Brooklyn, N. Y. 

Wood, Stephen Blake Roxbury. 

Woodruff, Thomas Tyson Boston. 

Worthington, Erastus, Clerk of Courts .... Dedliam. 

Young, Alexander, Literature Boston. 



THE UNDERGRADUATES' DAY. 



The Students of the College assembled in Sanders Theatre, 
and after a prayer by the Rev. Andrew Preston Peabody, 
D.D., listened to the following addresses and poems. 



THE 

UNDERGRADUATES' DAY. 

November 6, 1886. 



ORATION. 

BY FRANKLIN ELMER ELLSWORTH HAMILTON. 

Class of 1887. 

The anniversary which we are met this morning 
to observe is one of extraordinary significance. We 
commemorate the quarter-millennium of a University 
which, '' first among equals," has striven to give form 
to American education ; we commemorate the triumph 
of Puritan life, and the widening success of that 
struggle of Puritanism which, running through eight 
generations, would perfect a form of education dis- 
tinctively Puritan, yet wholly American. We com- 
memorate the progress of that idea of liberality in 
education which, cherished first and most ardently at 
Harvard, has passed from her to every kindred Ameri- 
can institution. Wliile commemoratinfr the work of 
Harvard University, we foresee the inevitable fulfil- 
ment of her hopes, and therefore celebrate the natal 
day of a University at once the oldest and the newest 
in the land. Newest, I say, as well as oldest; for 



124 THE UNDERGRADUATES' DAY. 

Harvard University from the days of Increase Matlier 
has maintained as a fundamental principle that a Uni- 
versity founded ^'for Christ and the Church," and 
holding the motto " Truth," ought in no wise to depart 
from the patli marked out in that famous resolve, 
Libere ijliilosoioliari, made so early in her history. It 
has been her endeavor during more than two centuries 
to think without bigotry, and to train men who not 
only shall think but also shall act in that spirit of 
advance which seeks to keep pace with the spirit 
of the age. 

It is wise, upon an occasion like this, that we should 
seek instruction rather in the past than in the present. 
And through these two and a half centuries we are 
carried back into the morning of our national life, 
back into those sober religious days of sturdy New 
England Puritanism, where we find ourselves with 
men who in the spirit of their Cromwell have deter- 
mined to secure forever on these quiet shores a retreat 
from " The Kinor's return to his own ao-ain." For " it 
was," as our own poet says, " the drums of Naseby and 
Dunbar that gathered the minute men on Lexington 
Common ; it was the red dint of the axe in Charles's 
block that marked one in our era," What marvel, 
then, that we see these men of duty, — with their motto 
" faith in God, faith in man, faith in work," — '' taking 
orders for a college at Newtown," and appropriating 
for its establishment "a year's rate of the whole 
colony," that, so runs the record, " the Commonwealth 
may be furnished with knowing and understanding 
men, and the churches with an able ministry." Yet 



FRANKLIN E. E. HAMILTON'S ORATION. 125 

this was " the first occasion on which a people ever 
taxed themselves to found a place of education." 

Follow the life and work of that little seminary 
during those first years of poverty and suffering, 
dependent for very existence upon a precarious be- 
nevolence, and tossed upon every sea of political 
and religious controversy that rocked the province. 
Though led at times into error, and once — during 
the frenzy of the Salem AVitchcraft — even tempted 
to persecution, still she remains true to the motto 
on her walls, raising higher and higher the standard of 
the literature of the country, and sending forth from 
her doors larger and wiser men. Long before the re- 
sistance to the Stamp Act, before the fearless voice of 
Patrick Henry rang out, before Faneuil Hall had 
thrown open its doors to an eloquent patriotism, a 
graduate of Harvard in his Commencement Thesis 
"announced the whole doctrine of the Revolution" 
in words that sounded like a tocsin through the land. 
And as if in answer to the summons, there passed 
from the college halls in quick succession an Otis, 
a Warren, a John Hancock, a Quincy, and a younger 
Adams. 

We are told that at the period of the Revolution 
even the undergraduates caught the inspiration of the 
times, and that their declamations and forensic dis- 
putes breathed the uncompromising spirit of liberty. 
With the enthusiasm of the hour, they voted unani- 
mously to take their degrees clothed only in the 
manufactures of their native land; and when Wash- 
ington, on Cambridge green, took command of the 



126 THE UNDERGRADUATES' DAY. 

American army, the students forsook the college in 
a body that its halls might shelter the patriot troops. 
Pass through the transept of this Hall, raised as a 
memorial to those sons of Harvard who fell in the last 
war, and there, on the tablets upon the walls, read a 
Mother's proud testimony to the patriotism of her 
twelve hundred and thirty-two volunteers, who as one 
man followed their flag to the front, and trace her 
tribute to the memory of her three hundred and sixty- 
one martyrs who gave their lives for the cause. Nor 
let us forget at this hour and in this place that the 
gray covered as devoted hearts as the blue, and that 
many a soldier of the South who fell on the field of 
battle claimed Harvard as his Alma Mater. 

Thus it has ever been in the history of the Univer- 
sity. In the necessitous provincial days fostering a 
spirit of fortitude ; in the early crisis of Independence 
inspiring to patriotism ; in the hour of national trial 
admonishing to duty, — she has ahvays taught her 
students to study, not only the wisdom of the past, 
but also the lessons of the present and the more per- 
plexing problems of the future. And for this reason, 
if for no other. Harvard stands where she does to-day, 
as the representative University of the representative 
Republic. The reforms of which she is a leading ex- 
ponent are simply the necessary outcome of the call 
of a nation for an enlarorement of the hiorher education. 
Constantly has the University, down through the long 
list of her honored faculties, endeavored to meet the 
educational needs of the country ; and it has been this 
endeavor which has assured to Harvard the eminent 



FRANKLIN E. E. HAMILTON'S ORATION. 127 

success that slie now enjoys. Thus, although an 
outgrowth of Puritanism, she nevertheless has sought 
to become a cosmopolitan University in a country by 
no means Puritan ; and though surrounded and often 
restrained by conservative influences of the most 
positive character, she has struggled continually not 
to be conservative. And as the school at Newtown, 
founded originally as a Theological Seminary, soon be- 
came in compliance with the country's need a college, 
so later when it was discovered, to the amazement 
of many, that all education is not comprehended in 

Lingua, Tropus, Batio, Numerus, Tonus, Angulus, Astra, 

the college broadened into a university, — a university 
so extensive that in her instruction to-day we see the 
most recent sciences placed upon an equality with 
mathematics and the classics. 

The University now has reached another great 
epoch in her work, with the adoption of reforms as 
startling to the present conservative conception of 
education as they may appear destructive to the time- 
honored significance of the academic degree. But 
much of this alarm arises from the failure of the Amer- 
ican college in the past to keep pace with the nation's 
spirit and growth. The attempt upon the part of 
Harvard to meet the demands of a growing people 
very naturally has given much occasion for criticism. 
The origin of such criticism, however, is by no means 
recent. We read that "many godly men of the 
Province," even in the seventeenth century, *' con- 
ceived a great sorrow " from a like cause. And 



128 THE UNDERGRADUATES' DAY. 

even earlier, the one Indian youth, whom tradition 
recalls as having- received a degree by the side of his 
Puritan brothers, doubtless heard the same question 
discussed. 

But the very criticism of a progressive institution 
evidences the necessity for education in the future to 
meet the demands of an advancing, practical life. Is 
it not high time that a country like our own, which 
has given to the world such signal triumphs of non- 
collegiate training in the pursuits of industry, and has 
witnessed in mechanics and engineering the proudest 
attainments of inventive genius, should offer to her 
sons a imiversity training adapted to fit them as well 
for a life of manly work as for a life of cultivated 
leisure*? Tlie call for collegiate students to interest 
themselves less in what concerns them as mere cata- 
loorues of books than in that which concerns them as 
" men, and leaders of men," was heard, in this very 
Hall, in that scathing arraignment of the American 
scholar which is finding in the broadening claims of 
education its justification and confirmation. 

It was the hope of the founders of the University 
that " so long as New England or America hath a 
name on the earth's surface," the fame and fruit of 
their work should be ''blessed." Two centuries and 
a half have passed away since the college, which in 
the words of one of her most famous presidents now 
stands 

*' . . . like a Pharos founded on a rock," 

was planted, at the promptings of weakness, in a new 
land among a free people. On this anniversary mom- 



FRANKLIN E. E. HAMILTON'S ORATION. 129 

ing we know how she has stood during' successive 
generations, as inflexible in purpose as when a humble 
Puritan "School of the Prophets" she listened to the 
preaching of her first president, the devout Dunster. 
She has trained clergymen, schoolmasters, soldiers, 
statesmen, mechanics. Through her quarter-millen- 
nium they have entered her doors, received her in- 
struction, and passed on to their work. And, as in 
the beginning, these walls re-echo still the footsteps of 
the ambitious pressing on toward the future. Would 
that, if but for a moment, we might recall the departed 
of good and great Harvard's line, that we might con- 
jure from the '' doggerel dirge and Latin epitaph " 
some fitting memorial to the many who have gathered 
in these halls and lingered among the shadows of these 
elms ! But, no ; they are forgotten. Of John Harvard 
himself the most meagre traditions remain, and only 
his mimificence to our University preserves from ob- 
livion his name. '' He died upon a date misstated 
upon his monument, — a monument which does not 
mark his grave ! " 

Looking back through this quarter-millennium, can 
we not see that the work of the University has been 
the work of a people, — a work marked at times, it is 
true, by prejudice and intolerance, at times by liber- 
ality and magnanimity ; now betraying feeble strug- 
gles and powerful temptations, now recalling waves 
of enthusiasm " on whose crumbling crests we some- 
times see nations lifted for a gleaming moment"? 
Can we not see how her influence has g-rown from her 
work ? Consider for a moment that influence. Each 

9 



130 THE UNDERGRADUATES' DAY. 

generation as it has passed has bequeathed to the 
University some ample accumulation of wealth, some 
new lesson of "Truth" learned, some old problem of 
life solved. Nobly has she repaid her bequests ! Not 
the Commonwealth of Massachusetts alone, but the 
whole country, through State and Territory, has been 
furnished from her graduates "with knowing and 
understanding men, and the churches with an able 
ministry." In 1699 it was truly, if somewhat quaintly, 
said to the General Court by the Earl of Bellamont, 
while Governor of Massachusetts, "It is a very great 
advantage you have above other provinces, that your 
youth are not put to travel for learning, but have the 
Muses at their doors." For this advantage, keeping 
pace with the increase of population and wealth, has 
given to the State of Massachusetts a foremost place 
in refinement and learning, and to her metropolis a 
classic name. The influence of Harvard has been fun- 
damental, for she has promoted a freedom of thought ; 
through her call for an earnest individuality she has 
inspired her sons to more courageous persistence as 
pioneers of intellectual reforms. In the privations of 
poverty the instruction at Harvard has always encour- 
aged a noble ambition and effort, as in prosperity it 
has lent new meaning to affluence and culture. In 
sectarian disputes and political reformations, during 
" the vicissitudes of the infant settlements," through 
the perilous struggles of a patriotic resistance to in- 
justice, amid the fires of a civil strife testing a great 
social principle. Harvard University, whether tried 
by penury or endangered by a prosperous growth, 



FRANKLIN E. E. HAMILTON'S ORATION, 131 

has stood throiigliout a conscientious champion of 
"Truth" and a fearless preacher "for Cluist and the 
Church." 

Some future orator, on some distant anniversary, 
will recall, perhaps, this day. I charge him to forget 
not, in the gratulations of that occasion, the Puritan 
founders of Harvard. Let their memory as a widening 
influence througli his words reach on and out like the 
light of the setting sun, though they themselves have 
passed from us and risen on another and sublimer life. 
But if there is yet one lesson to be drawn from this 
hour it is surely this, — that the future history of Har- 
vard, like the voice of our widest usefulness, calls to 
us, as the students of a great University, for the best 
work and noblest living; to make, as says Carlyle, 
some nook of God's creation a little fruitfuller, some 
human hearts a little manfuller. And as Harvard, 
at once the oldest and the newest, — Harvard first 
among equals, but ever first, — passes from us into the 
future, let us recall again those burning words spoken 
so recently to us here : " Your country needs a new 
enthusiasm. To whom but to you, her young men, 
shall she look to give it her? You are the trustees 
of posterity. On whom else shall she call to wake the 
deep slumber of careless opinions ; to startle the torpor 
of an immoral acquiescence; to kindle burning aspi- 
rations ; to set noble examples ; to cleanse the Augean 
stables of politics and trade ; to shame false ideals of 
life ; to deepen the lessening sense of the sacredness 
of marriage ; to make your Press nobler and less 
frivolous ; to make the aims of society more earnest ; 



132 THE UNDERGRADUATES' DAY. 

to make homes pure ; to make life simple ; to defy 
the petty and arrogant tyrannies of the thing which 
calls itself public opinion ; to trample on the base 
omnipotence of gold I She calls to you ! Will you 
hear her voice, or will you too make, like the young 
ruler, the great refusal I " 



POEM. 

BY FRANCIS STERNE PALMER. 

Class of 1887. 

Long years ago, the stern New England rock 

A wizard smote, and straightway forth did gush — 

Here in this wilderness that felt the shock — 
A fountain, filling all the forest's hush 

With joy. Our College was that woodland spring ; 
The Puritan it was who there made flow 

A fount that in the years to come should swing 
Its mighty tide through all the land, and show 
How great is truth to conquer wrong and woe. 

More than two centuries with frost and snow 
Of fierce New England winters now have gone ; 

The stream grows hoar with time, and yet its flow 
Is still as young as on its birthday's dawn, — 

As young as youth eternal, a fountain still 
Of youth, new and fresh, yesterday, to-day, 

To-morrow ; flowing, changing at its will : 

Though men sometime its course would turn or stay, 
Still with the nation's life it makes its way. 



FRANCIS S. PALMER'S POEM. I33 

Our stream to-day its narrow banks o'erflows ; 

Deserted ruins on its course appear 
That tell where once the towers of temples rose ; 

And yet its waters still are fresh and clear 
With purity, and savor of the spring 

Eock-born, and of the forest-flowing rill : 
And still those youths are here who first did bring 

Their sober minds unto the college mill, 

Though now they do not go in ruff or frill. 

Behold the modern Puritan ! His talk 

Is all of matters grave, his face sedate ; 
He moves, and 't is a most majestic stalk ! 

His flashing eye could rule a troubled state ; 
He yearns to serve his country, and meanwhile 

For college offices has no distaste ; 
And yet, forsooth, let him provoke no smile ; 

'T is only sad that in our age he 's placed. 

And that so much stern virtue goes to waste. 

And those young princes of the native race 
Whom our forefathers vainly tried to tame, 

Does haze that fills the distant years efface 
Their savage splendor, or is it wont to flame 

Across the sober tints of college life, 

When some young magnate of the West arrays 

Himself in gorgeousness, his dress all rife 
In bright, barbaric hues, and so essays 
The war-dance, and the tomahawk displays ? 

Our College in the years that saw her young. 

And like young mothers full of love and care 
And foolish fear, around her children flung 

Her arms too close, nor granted them that share 
Of trust and freedom they with justice craved j 

But growing wiser as the years went by, 
She loosed the petty irksome bonds, and saved 

Their love for her, and taught them to descry 

In her a friend and not a crafty spy. 



134 THE UNDERGRADUATES' DAY. 

Many brave hopes Fair Harvard's fountain fed, 
And great achievements on its stream were borne; 

Men who in stirring times the State have led, 
And names by poets, thinkers, workers, worn, — 
All these were ours, and our bright list adorn. 

One name the fountain claims its own and keeps : 
Life's river may not bear that name away ; 

Joyous and loving as sunshine which leaps 
About the stream and gilds its dancing spray, 

This one the true embodiment doth seem 

Of youth eternal ; and while the fountain's play 

Doth last, his ever kindly wit shall gleam 

Within its pools, the while his laughing voice 
Doth make the murm'ring waters to rejoice. 

No need to tell his name, for you all know it, — 
Our Doctor, Autocrat, and Poet. 

The shining sun not always maketh bright 

Our stream ; there was a time when war swept o'er 

The shudd'ring land, when face to face met Eight 
And Wrong ; and then the river onward bore 

Its tide of youth and hope, all dark and stained 
With blood shed by its bravest and its best. 

The later Puritan, whose heart regained 

Its ancient zeal, opposed his stubborn breast, 
And by his side were heroes of the West. 

The gilded youth were also there to show 
Good metal lay beneath the outward dross ; 

And all went forth against the country's foe, 
Nor did they heed of life and limb the loss, 

But were the foremost in the fierce affray ; 
And many died, and dying so, died well. 

And Harvard hon'ring all, and fain to pay 

Her debt of love to those who fought and fell, 
Hath built a stately Hall her love to tell. 



EDGAR J. RICH'S ADDRESS. 135 

Pray Heaven that war may never come again 
To fill the nation's heart with grief and hate ! 

But strife will come, and with it woe and pain ; 
And bloodless battles will be fought as great 

As those of war, and men will freely spend 
Their lives to add unto the truth some light ; 

And in this strife must Harvard join and lend 
Her learning and her zeal to those that fight 
Against all evil things and to uphold the right. 

Old Harvard's stream must ever onward sweep, 
Still wid'ning, blessing, lab'ring, singing, strong 

With youth, joyous with hope, and broad and deep 
With wisdom gathered from the years which throng 

Its past ; and yet 'midst all this honor fair 
And power which to its age and works belong. 

It still must keep and guard with fondest care 
The purity of that clear fount which gushed 
From out the rock when all was new and forest-hushed. 



ADDRESS TO UNDERGRADUATES. 

BY EDGAR JUDSON RICH. 
Class of 1887. 

Fellow-Students, — In this age of Darwinianism 
and Spencerianism, when it is the fashion for writers 
and orators to trace the growth of the infinitely com- 
plex from the inconceivably simple, an occasion like 
this would be sadly incomplete without an attempt to 
apply the principles of evolution to some appropriate 
object. And on this occasion, when we the unweaned 
children are gathered together to celebrate the two 



136 THE UNDERGRADUATES' DAY. 

hundred and fiftieth birthday of our revered mother, 
what more grateful service could we render her than 
to show how much better and wiser than her elder 
children are we, her latest born. Let then the " Evo- 
lution of the Harvard Student" be the burden of my 
remarks. 

It must be remembered that the Harvard student 
and the rest of mankind sprang from the same stalk ; 
that the separation did not take place until about the 
year 1636, when our branch of the family rose into 
ethereal heights in the vain hope that sometime it 
might be able to commune with the gods of high 
Olympus in their own tongue. 

Consider this Harvard student for a moment func- 
tionally. He appears to us under three distinct forms : 
first, as a creature addicted to study — in a moderate 
degree ; secondly, as a creature sujiposed to pray ; 
and thirdly, — about w^hich, in those early times at 
least, there can be no conjecture, — as a creature most 
prone to transgression. We will now trace out his 
evolution along each of these principal lines of de- 
velopment, beginning with the last. 

Our early fatliers were firm believers in the total 
depravity of mankind. If at any time a brother's 
faith in this doctrine seemed weak, he was exhorted 
to look at the young men of the college, upon whose 
souls the Devil still held tenacious grip. Upon the 
college authorities responsibility bore heavily. It was 
an axiom with them, that if there was a choice between 
right and wrong, the student would always do wrong ; 



EDGAR J. RICH'S ADDRESS. 137 

if there was no wrong to be done within easy reach, he 
would go out of his way to find it, — as if to prove the 
truth of the fundamental theological dogma of the day. 
The college exercised great ingenuity in attempting to 
anticipate the student. A list of all conceivable offen- 
ces was drawn up, and the penalty for each affixed. 
Some offences were punishable with expulsion, some 
with suspension, some with flogging, some with cuf- 
fing ; a list of fifty-two minor offences with fines, rang- 
ing from a penny for tardiness at prayers to £2 10s. 
for absence from town a month without leave. Floof- 
ging was administered by the President, in the pres- 
ence of faculty and students. In order to realize the 
picturesqueness of this performance, imagine such a 
case of discipline brought down to our time, and tliis 
place the scene of the punishment. Tlie members of 
the faculty are ranged on the platform, and you, the 
students, are summoned to witness and to take warn- 
ing. The culprit is brought forward. Our worthy 
President invokes divine blessing ; then, with all 
solemnity, flogs or cuffs the student, as the nature of 
his offence demands ; and, finally, petitions the Al- 
mighty to give the offender a new heart, and to bring 
him into the fold of the righteous. 

The system of fines is still more amusing. We can 
picture to ourselves the mischief-loving student going 
through a mental calculation in order to ascertain in 
what way a given sum of money invested in fines 
would yield the greatest return in fun : whether he 
should get drunk, or thrash a fellow- student, or lie to 
the Dean, or cut a recitation, or swap jack-knives with- 



138 THE UNDERGRADUATES' DAY. 

out the consent of tlie proctor, — all of these offences 
being punishable by the same fine, one shilling and 
sixpence. 

These absurd methods of punishment gradually died 
out ; but it was not until about the time of the Revo- 
lution that flogging fell entirely into desuetude, and 
it was some time in the present century before the 
system of fines was wholly discontinued. The faculty 
became less autocratic and more rational in their gov- 
ernment. It dawned upon them by degrees that a stu- 
dent might have an iota of reason and common-sense. 
And as years rolled on, as the student became less of 
a child in age, greater freedom of action was allowed 
him. The liberal form of government did not reach 
its ideality, however, until the year 1885, when the 
conference committee, — peace be to its ashes ! — was 
established. But this much-abused conference com- 
mittee has not lived in vain, if it has only shown that 
there is little or nothing in Harvard College requiring 
the attention of such a body. Its very uselessness in- 
dicates the ideal condition of college discipline. 

Let us now look at the student on another side of 
his nature, — the religious side ; and here we will at- 
tempt to trace briefly his evolution and his growth. 
Founded as our college was by the stern Puritan for 
the purpose largely of educating men for the Christian 
ministry, we should naturally expect that the spiritual 
needs of the student would receive the most careful 
attention. Presidents and professors were chosen with 
regard to their theological views ; the curriculum was 



EDGAR J. RICH'S ADDRESS. 139 

shaped to meet the religious wants of the student. 
Religious exercises were frequent and compulsory ; 
prayers were held twice a day, and absence from 
service was punished with a fine. At the morning 
service, held in winter by candle-light, the student 
was obliged to read a portion of the Old Testament 
out of the Hebrew into the Greek ; and at evening 
prayers, a portion of the New Testament out of the 
English into the Greek. One marvels that under such 
a stultifying system of worship a student emerged 
from college with a spark of religious fervor in 
him ! But, like prescribed Latin and Greek, pre- 
scribed religion was slowly abandoned, until, at the 
beginning of this memorable year in Harvard's an- 
nals, the last vestiges of an antiquated and unnatural 
system have disappeared. 

These changes, which w^e choose to call grow^th, 
are trumpeted abroad by hostile critics as a depart- 
ure which brings with it the decay of religious life at 
Harvard. It is the death-blow to compulsory reli- 
gion, but it is the signal for the re-awakening of true 
religion. To-day there is in this college a greater 
respect for religion, a purer and nobler religious life, 
than there was two hundred years ago, when religion 
was secondary to theology; than one hundred years 
ago, when religion was tempered with fear; than 
fifty years ago, when religion was subservient to 
policy; than yesterday, when religion by reason of 
its compulsion was fast losing its hold upon the stu- 
dents. The attitude of the religious papers upon this 
question is deserving of the severest censure. Their 



140 THE UNDERGRADUATES' DAY. 

utterances are maliciously false ; they display a temper 
becoming the bigoted sectarian, but not the humble 
Christian. Let them know, and all the world besides, 
that religion is not dead at Harvard; that on the 
contrary, under a voluntary system, it is entering 
upon a new and purer life. 

Those who would enforce religion mistake the nature 
of religion, and more especially the nature of the per- 
sons upon whom they would enforce it. The most 
and the best which a college can do for the spiritual 
wants of the student, is to give him opportunities of 
listening to the great teachers of the land. And 
what college has done more in this direction than 
Harvard ? 

But we have not yet considered the student in the 
light in which he is usually regarded by the outside 
world, — that is, as a cultivated, learned, and wise man. 
Let us then see in what ways he has acquired this 
culture, learning, and wisdom at diiferent periods in 
the history of the college. In the laws of the college, 
printed in 1646, we find the following, referring to the 
qualifications for admission: "When any scholar is 
able to read Tully, or such like classical Latin author, 
ex tempore, and make and speak true Latin in verse and 
prose, and decline the paradigms of nouns and verbs 
in the Greek tongue, then may he be admitted into 
the college ; nor shall any claim admission before such 
qualifications." Thus, during almost the entire first cen- 
tury of our college's existence, a student need only talk 
gibberish Latin, write doggerel Latin verse, show some 



EDGAR J. RICH'S ADDRESS. 141 

familiarity witli Greek grammar, in order to gain ad- 
mission to the first institution of learning in the land ! 
But woe unto the student who found himself here with- 
out a pretty thorough training in those meagre require- 
ments ! Once under the authority of the college he 
could not, by a vigorously enforced statute, use his 
mother tongue except in public declamation. If he 
could not ffive in choice Latin a reasonable excuse for 
failure at recitation, he suffered double penalties ; if he 
failed to ask in Latin for food at the commons, he went 
away hungry. But the students had the satisfaction 
of knowing that the inflictors of this refined torture 
were themselves sometimes put to the test. It is re- 
lated that an honored president of this University, once 
desiring the ejection of a dog which had strayed into 
evening prayers, called out in angry tone, " Exclude 
canem, et, et — shut the door !" 

After four years spent in learning a few cant con- 
versational Latin phrases, and in acquiring a smatter- 
ing of Greek and of Hebrew, the student was ready to 
receive his first degree. If, upon examination, it were 
found that he could " read the original of the Old and 
New Testament into the Latin tongue and resolve them 
logically," he became by the authority of the college a 
Bachelor of Arts. 

"What can be said in defence of a curriculum so nar- 
row, so ill-suited to make men educated, much less 
useful ? This, — that at a time when natural phenom- 
ena were just beginning to be investigated with intelli- 
gence, when our literature was but in its infancy, when 
philosophy had hardly emerged from scholasticism, 



142 THE UNDERGRADUATES' DAY. 

when history was yet unwritten, our college offered 
to her children the best that the age could give. And 
we are proud to say that this is a policy which our 
Alma Mater has ever followed. As science advanced, 
as philosophy became infused with an interest more 
human, as literature was written and history recorded, 
slie gladly opened her doors to the new light, and gave 
her children a glimpse of a world of learning hitherto 
unknown. Gradually the ancient requirements were 
modified and broadened, until now the college offers 
to the student a course of study the best calculated of 
any in the land to make her graduates educated, intel- 
lio-ent, and useful men. Those who leave her doors 
now are not pedantic mincers of elegant Latin phrases, 
nor dilettante and captious lookers-on in a world of 
action, but men possessed of a knowledge which can 
rectify wrong and accomplish results, — men who 
become powers in the religious, the social, and the 
political worlds. 

But the question suggests itself, May not our col- 
lege in thus broadening its curriculum, and in giving 
almost absolute freedom of choice in the selection of 
studies, have gone too far? This is not the time to 
criticise flippantly, or to air personal whims; but I 
know that I voice the sentiments of hundreds of under- 
graduates and of graduates, when I say that our col- 
lege has made some serious mistakes. If it be the 
chief purpose of a college course to give a liberal edu- 
cation, — and that I conceive is its purpose, — there 
must be certain studies essential to such an education. 
Latin, as an indispensable aid to the study of law, of 



EDGAR J. KICK'S ADDRESS. 143 

medicine, and of science, as the basis of almost all 
modern lang-uages, as the veiy sap of the English lan- 
guage, should be required of every scholar seeking 
admission to college. But the elements of the lan- 
eruao-e once mastered, I confess it seems like mere 
pedantry to pursue the study further ; for the disci- 
pline which Latin gives has already been largely ac- 
quired ; and as to its literature — see to it that you 
have first become familiar with the infinitely grander 
literature of your own language. Relegate Latin to 
the preparatory schools, but insist upon it there. 

Again, there are studies universally admitted as 
essential to a liberal education which should be pur- 
sued after tlie student has entered college. In the 
place formerly occupied by prescribed Greek, Latin, 
and mathematics, let us have prescribed philosophy, 
political economy, and English literature, and also his- 
tory and science, if the elements of these subjects can- 
not be required for admission. All these studies need 
not occupy half of the college course ; and the indis- 
putable advantages of an elective system would not be 
lost. In answer to these criticisms I know it can be 
said that where the option lies between Greek and 
Latin, Latin will almost invariably be chosen ; and 
that those studies which we would prescribe are now, 
as a matter of fact, pursued by a large majority of 
students. But there will be those who will know 
nothing of Latin, and there will be those who will be 
ignorant of those other essential subjects ; and then 
there will be men graduated from this college who 
will not be liberally educated. 



144 THE UNDERGRADUATES' DAY. 

But perhaps we criticise too severely, when we con- 
sider what stupendous strides our college has made 
towards attaining an ideal system of education. She 
has outstripped all rivals, who, while criticising her 
vehemently for every advance, are finally compelled 
to follow tardily in her footsteps. 

A word to close. With all this advance in methods 
of discipline; with this enlarging and quickening of 
the religious life ; with this tremendous progress in the 
curriculum work, — with all this, has there been a cor- 
responding advance in the manhood of the student? 
For this, after all, is the test of the efficiency of every 
educational system. If self-reliance, sincerity, earnest- 
ness, are elements of manhood, then there has been 
advance ; for there never was a time when students 
were more self-reliant, more sincere, more earnest, 
than they are to-day ; and this year will go down to 
posterity as a year memorable, not so much because 
it marks the quarter-millennium of the existence of 
the college, as because it marks the culmination of 
an educational policy the equal of which to produce 
true manhood cannot be found in this land, or in 
any other land. 



LLOYD McKIM GARRISON'S ODE. 145 



ODE. 

BY LLOYD McKIM GARRISON. 

Class of 1888. 

Mother, peerless, immortal, our lips but repeat 

The words so oft spoken before, 
As we timidly, rev'rently, kneel at thy feet 

And ask for thy blessing once more. 
Our fathers rejoiced at thy dawn overcast ; 

We exult in thy radiant day ; 
So, our sons and their sons, when our glories are past, 

And our names as forgotten as they : 

For though mountain and river should part thee for aye 

From the child thou hast reared at thy knee. 
The niche that he keeps in his heart is too high 

To be filled by another than thee. 
The centuries fade, like a mist fi'om the glass ; 

We are gone, — why, we know not, nor where ; 
Yet as ever we wearily halt as we pass, 

We behold thee still young and still fair. 



10 



FOUNDATION DAY. 



There were two services in Appleton Cliapel, — in the 
morning, when the Rev. Francis G. Peabody, Plummer 
Professor of Christian Morals, delivered the sermon ; and 
in the evening, when the Rev. Phillips Brooks, D.D., 
made the discourse. 



FOUNDATION DAY. 

Sunday, November 7, 1886. 



A SERMON. 

BY THE REV. FRANCIS GREENWOOD PEABODY, 

Plummer Professor of Christian Morals. 



Even so would he have removed thee out op a strait into a 

BROAD PLACE. — Job XXXvi. 16. 

There is but one note to strike througliout our 
worship to-day. It is the note of thanksgiving. We 
are here simply to thank our God for the wonderful 
and increasing multitude of blessings through which 
our University has been led, — for the blessings which 
she has been permitted to receive, and the blessings 
which she has been able to bestow. We thank God 
for his influence on the hearts of our ancestors, so 
moving them that they waited neitlier for days of 
prosperity nor peace to found this college, but, fear- 
ing God's displeasure visited upon ignorance more 
than they feared their own poverty or their savage 
enemies, set apart '*a year's rate of the whole colony" 
to establish a place of learning. We thank God that 
we can fairly join with the historian of the University 



150 FOUNDATION DAY. 

in believing that '' for a like spirit under like circum- 
stances history will be searched in vain." We thank 
God for the marvellous contrasts of the present and 
the past, for the strange deliverances from perilous 
controversies, for the widening of the intellectual hori- 
zon and the increase of spiritual liberty which have 
been witnessed here. We thank God to-day that by 
ways which the wisdom of our ancestors could not 
have conceived, and from which their hearts would 
have recoiled, we have been brought '^ out of a strait 
into a broad place." 

It is not for to-day, or for a service of worship, to 
trace in detail the story of these heroic beginnings 
and this dramatic growth. We are all waiting with 
a great expectation for this story fts it will be told 
to-morrow in lyric prose and eloquent verse. But, 
after all, the most striking and central part of this 
history remains the peculiar property of this day 
and of our service of worship. For the story of those 
early days, though it abounds in political and intel- 
lectual interest, is in its central element nothing else 
than a chapter of religious history. Its hopes and 
heroisms are those of the religious life ; its controver- 
sies and dissensions are those of the theologians. We 
remember to-day that the college was founded for the 
specific purpose of rearing fit persons for the Christian 
ministry, or, as the first appeal for help announced, 
"that the Commonwealth may be furnished with 
knowing and understanding men, and the churches 
with an able ministry." This specific purpose directed 
the whole early history which we commemorate. In 



REV. FKANCIS G. PEABODY'S SERMON. 151 

the first list of college regulations, — called, as now 
seems curious, 'Hlie liberties" of the college, — the 
first rules are these : " Every scholar shall consider 
the main end of his life and study to know God and 
Jesus Christ. Every one shall so exercise himself in 
reading the Scriptures twice a day, that they be ready 
to give an accoimt of their proficiency. And all soph- 
isters and bachelors shall publicly repeat sermons in 
the hall whenever they are called forth." Such was 
the college from within; and when, somewhat later, 
there was doubt in the community as to its adminis- 
tration, and ten articles were proposed for a visitation 
of its affairs, seven of these articles had exclusive ref- 
erence to its religious and moral condition. ''Whether 
the Holy Scriptures be daily read in the hall, and how 
often expounded ? How are the Saturday exercises 
performed, and are the great concerns of their souls 
duly inculcated in the youths ? " 

What, then, do we see in this primitive Puritan 
college I We see one central characteristic, whose 
dignity even these narrow and mechanical regulations 
cannot hide. It is an institution founded by men in 
whom the sense of God is the controlling impulse, and 
to whom his glory is the end of education. When 
the families of the colony brought out of their poverty 
their offerings to the college, — the one of five shill- 
ings, and the other of a few sheep, and the other the 
fourth part of a bushel of corn, or " something equiva- 
lent thereto," — it was not as an offering to culture, but 
as an offering to religion and for a holy end. It was 
the widow casting her mite into the treasury of the 



152 FOUNDATION DAY. 

temple for the sake of tlie faitli wliich she desired to 
have fitly preached. 

It is, therefore, a fortunate coincidence that our 
day of commemoration falls upon our day of worship, 
and that we are called, first of all, to take up our 
great theme in tlie language of religion. The Uni- 
versity has wisely invited her graduates, wherever 
they are serving her to-day in the Christian min- 
istry, to direct their thoughts toward this history of 
their college ; and we rejoice to tliink how the whole 
continent is this morning girdled with these prayers 
of filial love. A University with such a history can 
never be indiff'erent or neutral to the j^roblems of faith 
and duty. She may change her methods, but never 
her desire. She has had set before her by her found- 
ers an ideal of education as a work to do in the sight 
of God, — education under religious responsibility ; 
education as a means to character. We thank God 
for this ; and we survey this history aright only when 
we look at it, first of all, in the spirit of worship and 
under the power of prayer. 

Let us then dismiss from our minds to-day the other 
aspects of this history, and consider only the relations 
of the University to the moral and religious life. Let 
us trace the wonderful contrasts which present them- 
selves in this central concern, — the gains, the losses, 
and the lessons of religious faith which are to be seen in 
this great transition from " a strait into a broad place." 
Let us set over against each other the way of the higher 
life, as it seems to have been in a Puritan college and 
as it ought to be in a modern university. 



REV. FRANCIS G. PEABODY'S SERMON. 153 

The Puritan State out of wliich our college sprang 
presents a curious paradox. On the one hand, it is 
among the most heroic, devout, and fruitful incidents 
of history ; on the other hand, it is among the most 
hopeless, Quixotic, and fruitless dreams of religious 
entlmsiasm. Its spirit was the sense of responsibility 
to God in every detail of social and political life ; its 
form was the illusory scheme of a State based on the 
Old Testament. In its spirit, we can compare it only 
with that intimate recognition of a living God which 
makes Hebrew history sacred history. In its form, 
we must compare it with those visionary communities 
which have been so confidently proposed, from the 
days of Plato's Republic to the days of Brook Farm. 
Thus, the Puritan State was at once a conspicuous 
failure and a magnificent success. The Puritan failed 
in the purpose on which he had set his heart; and 
he would look with bewilderment, if not with horror, 
on the community which he himself created. Yet the 
very qualities in him which made him sure to fail are 
the very qualities wliich have been perpetuated, and 
which it would be our social ruin to lose. 

It is easy to trace the elements of tliis strange 
contradiction. On the one hand stands the form of 
Puritanism. These men meant to build a State which 
should reproduce the theocracy of the Hebrews. They 
seemed to themselves a chosen people, driven forth 
into a new land with no guidance but that of Jehovah. 
'' They guided their legislation," as one historian 
has said, " with a Jewish austerity, and reinforced 
their authority by Old Testament texts." Repeating 



154 FOUNDATION DAY. 

thus the theocracy of the Hebrews, they were bound 
to repeat the intolerance of the Hebrews. It was 
a question between serving God and serving Baal. 
The logic of their situation sent Roger Williams 
to Rhode Island and the Quakers to the gallows. 
If the State was but the instrument of the Church, 
then the limitation of the franchise to church mem- 
bers became a matter of course. '' In England," 
says John Cotton, ''none but members of the Church 
of Enerland are intrusted with the manaorement of 
affairs ; in Popish countries, none but such as are 
Catholics ; in Turkey, none but men devoted to Maho- 
met. Yea ! these very Indians that worship the Devil 
will not be under the government of any sagamores 
but such as join with them in the observance of their 
' powwows ' and idolatries. So that it seems to be a 
principle imprinted in the minds of men, that such a 
form of government as best serves to establish their 
religion should be established in the civil state." 
Thus, the limited franchise might be an inexpedient 
measure, but it was an inevitable one. It was the 
corollary of the unfaltering conviction that the will 
of God had been revealed in a peculiar way. " Thus 
stands the case," said Governor Winthrop, ''between 
God and us. We are entered into a covenant with him 
for this work. We have taken out a commission." 

It is evident that a commonwealth like this, though 
it might be a lofty dream, was a dream impossible 
of realization. Like the charge at Balaklava, it was 
magnificent, but it was predestined to defeat. It 
might be consistent for church members alone to vote, 



REV. FRANCIS G. PEABODY'S SERMON. 155 

but the time soon would come when it would be im- 
possible. The choice had to be made between yield- 
ing the foiTu and wrecking the State ; and tlie form 
was yielded. Thus it happens that those who could 
not secure to us what they wanted to secure, yet se- 
cured to us something infinitely more precious. The 
limitation of the vote passed away, but the vote re- 
mained. The Puritan meant to give us church suf- 
frage : he really gave us the free ballot. He meant 
to found a peculiar people : he really founded a free 
State. 

Such was the form of the Puritan State. It was 
set in "a strait place." The principles which it held 
could not fairly disclose themselves until the form 
was broken. Puritanism came over like one of the 
hyacinth bulbs which this generation imports. It was 
a colorless, gnarly, flowerless thing; and those who 
brought it never seemed to have realized the beauty 
and fragrance which might issue from it. Kept in the 
box which brought it over, it was as unpromising a 
plant as ever crossed the ocean. Set forth in the sun- 
shine of freedom and in congenial soil, it has brought 
forth a flower which a Puritan might have thought 
almost too fair. Even within the form, as it first 
appeared, lay this potency for large results. Half- 
hidden beneath this narrowness of expression, there 
already worked a spirit as different from dogmatic in- 
tolerance as a blossom is from a bulb : it is a spirit of 
the most straightforward and simple piety. There 
never was a Christian cong-rescation founded whose 
covenant was simpler or more adapted to all time than 



156 FOUNDATION DAY. 

the covenant made six weeks after the landing of Gov- 
ernor Winthrop, and still inscribed upon the walls of 
the First Church of Boston. There never was a nobler 
exposition of the princijDles of Christian society than in 
Winthrop's discourse written upon his voyage. It re- 
moves the whole community ''out of a strait into a 
broad place." "The only way to avoid shipwreck," 
he says, " and to provide for our prosperity is to follow 
the counsel of Micah, ' to do justly, to love mercy, 
and to walk humbly with our God.' For this w^ork 
we must be knit together as one man. We must up- 
hold a familiar commerce together, in all meekness, 
gentleness, patience, and liberality. So shall we keep 
the unity of the spirit in the bond of peace. We shall 
find that the God of Israel is among us, so that men 
shall say of succeeding plantations, * The Lord made it 
like to that of New England.' " 

What, then, might happen when a community like 
this, with this conflict within itself of an impracticable 
scheme and a noble ideal, felt the duty laid upon it of 
founding a college? There might lie before the col- 
lege either the way of the Puritan form or the way of 
the Puritan spirit. The college might develop along 
the line of intolerance and narrowness, or along the 
line of a simple sense of responsibility to God. Noth- 
ing could seem more uncertain than the way which 
the college might take. It becomes at once the 
centre of controversy between the ecclesiastics and 
the liberal-minded. Its history becomes of dramatic 
interest. We wonder how soon it will be overwhelmed 
with dogmatic tests, or administered out of party in- 



REV. FRANCIS G. PEABODY'S SERMON. 157 

terests. We see it led to the very brink of these fatal 
issues. It startles us to think what kind of a colleere 
we might have inherited, if certain words then ac- 
cepted by all had crept into its charter, or if, as so 
nearly. Cotton Mather had succeeded his father as 
president. " I am informed," he says in his wrath, 
" that yesterday the six men who call themselves the 
corporation of the college met, and, contrary to the 
epidemical expectation of the country, chose a modest 
young man, of whose piety (and little else) every one 
gives a laudable character. I always foretold these 
two things of the corporation : first, that if it were 
possible for them to steer clear of me, they will do so ; 
secondly, that if it were possible for them to act fool- 
ishly, they will do so." 

Thus from the very outset the peril of bigotry 
beset the college. Its officials were judged, not 
according to their learning, but according to their 
orthodoxy. The first president was indicted by the 
grand jury, convicted, and dismissed from his posi- 
tion and his house in the dead of winter, being 
sent forth without a home, with his wife sick, and, 
as he says, '' his youngest child extremely so," 
not because he was not a virtuous, humble, and 
learned man, but because, as Cotton Mather said, 
he had fallen *' into the briers of anti-pgedo-bap- 
tism." The second president did not, indeed, like 
Dunster, hold that only adults should be bap- 
tized. His heresy consisted in believing that in bap- 
tism sprinkling was insufficient, and that the infant 
should be washed all over, — "an opinion," says the 



158 FOUNDATION DAY. 

historian, ''not tolerable in this cold region, and im- 
practicable in certain seasons of the year." It was 
for such a conviction as this that President Chauncy 
suffered all his long life, finally representing to the 
General Court "that he was without land to keep 
a horse or a cow upon, or habitation to be diy or 
warm in ; whereas, in English universities, the pres- 
ident is allowed diet as well as stipend according to 
his wants." And it was no doubt his view of bap- 
tism which made the committee of the General Court 
report on this petition, ''that they conceived the 
country has done honorably toward the petitioner, 
and that his parity with English colleges is not per- 
tinent." Here is the way in which the college seemed 
at first inevitably led, — the way of doctrinal tests 
and sectarian animosity. It was "a strait place" to 
which it seemed directed, — a place of contention, 
first between the various factions of one sect, and 
then no less between the prevailing sect and the 
vigorous movement of Anglicanism. It is safe to 
say that if this way of development had been taken, 
we should have little to celebrate to-day. But, by 
a guidance which seems miraculous at such a time, 
the college was led of God "out of a strait into a 
broad place." It seems fairly incredible that at the 
very time when the orthodoxy of its ofiicers was 
thus suspected, and the religious opinions of its stu- 
dents a constant matter of concern, there should not 
appear in any charter of the college a single word of 
doctrinal test or sectarian tendency. The first con- 
stitution of the college dedicates it to "piety, moral- 



REV. FRANCIS G. PEABODY'S SERMON. 159 

ity, and learning." The charter of 1650 announces 
as its object " the education of the English and In- 
dian youth of this country in knowledge and godli- 
ness ; " and in 1643 the college seal was adopted, 
with its motto " Veritas " written across the open 
books. Piety, morality, godliness, and truth, — these 
are the four great words which mark the earliest offi- 
cial utterances of this college to religion. Discuss 
and bicker as its governors might concerning its tem- 
porary affairs, it seems as if they were sobered and 
lifted in their thought when they dealt with the 
permanent conditions of the institution, with the same 
sense of awful responsibility toward these young souls 
which has kept every administration of the college 
ever since above all suspicion of sectarian purpose 
or strategy. We are led in these utterances out of 
the temporary form of Puritanism into the higher 
spirit of Puritanism. The incidents of the college 
were determined by the one : its continuous devel- 
opment was determined by the other. Piety, mo- 
rality, godliness, and truth, — to these ends, for wliich 
our ancestors founded this institution and made room 
for it in the ''strait place" of their struggling life, — 
to these ends we dedicate her life once more to-day. 
We know, as they knew, that she can serve the State 
only as she rears her students in piety and morality. 
We know, as they knew, that her permanent pros- 
perity must come through her increase of godliness ; 
and we believe, with a completeness which perhaps 
they could not have confessed, that the first religious 
duty of a university is loyalty to truth. 



160 FOUNDATION DAY. 

Such is the story of rehgion in its official and 
organic relation to the college. It is a history of 
strange deliverances. Supei'ficially looked at, it might 
not seem a story which ministers could tell with satis- 
faction ; for it must be admitted to be a story of the 
continuous decline of clerical influence. Slowly the 
government of the college passed from the hands of 
the ministers ; slowly it grew less and less a theological 
school. But in reality no greater service could be done 
by an institution of learning to the Christian ministry 
than by taking the institution out of the ministers' hands. 
It was the only way of permitting to the ministry its 
share in the growth of the world's thought. It was 
the only way in which the college could be changed 
from rearing a strait ministry to the more noble 
task of rearing a broad ministry. Those who believe 
in reliofion must believe that it does not ask of a uni- 
versity a peculiar or exclusive care, but that it asks 
only a fair chance for welcome and for discipline. Once 
more, the Puritan builded better than he knew. He 
failed in his absorbing scheme of a seminary pecul- 
iarly devoted to Biblical instruction ; but he laid the 
foundation of a type of religion much more likely 
to endure than his own, whose corner-stones, placed 
by his own hands, are piety, morality, godliness, and 
truth. 

But, after all, these official and organic aspects of 
the college are less interesting to us to-day than are 
its lessons concerning personal and individual life. 
That which concerns us in our worship is not so much 



REV. FRANCIS G. PEABODY'S SERMON. 161 

the institution as the souls which compose it. Let us 
turn from the college as a whole to the story of its 
students' lives. What are the transitions which we 
there notice 1 How has it been with this army of 
young men 1 Has student life in these days anything 
yet to learn of faith or duty of those primitive times 1 
These are the questions which interest us to-day. It 
is the spiritual history of the college which we are 
tracing, and that is a matter of personal character and 
individual faith. 

The first thing that is noteworthy in this history 
of personal character is the fact that the same depres- 
sing judgments were then passed upon student life 
which we are in the habit of hearing now. To a cer- 
tain class of minds their ow^n age always appears an 
age of peculiar degeneracy. Many persons feel this 
now about our college, many persons always have felt 
so, and the gossip of one hundred and fifty years ago 
might almost be taken as the gossip of to-day. Thus, 
Cotton Mather writes of children who left home '' with 
some gospel symptoms of piety, and quickly lose all, 
and neither do nor hear any more such things as they 
had before they went from home ; " and, again, of 
*' young ministers who are the gifts of Christ in the 
service of our churches, who declare that before they 
came to be what they are they found it necessary to 
lay aside the sentiments which they brought from the 
college with them." He inquires, like some modern 
critic of the elective system, '^whether the pupils, 
having learned what is expected of them (which to 

the more acute sparks requires very little preparation), 

11 



162 FOUNDATION DAY. 

all tlie rest of the time is not, in a manner, their own, 
and little care to make them deserve the name of 
students I " So, also, Rev. Ezekiel Rogers, of Rowley, 
dying in 1661, suspects that the golden age is passed. 
" I tremble to think," he writes, '' what will become 
of the glorious work we have done when the ancients 
shall be gathered with their fathers. I fear grace and 
blessing will die with them. We grow worldly every- 
where. Every one for himself, little care for the pub- 
lic good." 

The next thing to notice is that such complaints 
and despondency were quite as much justified then 
as now. Although the tutors chastised at discretion, 
and the students twice a day practised reading of 
the Scriptures, *' accompanied by theoretical observa- 
tions on its language and logic," complaints of immo- 
rality were by no means rare. It was not a time to 
w^hich one may look back as one of strenuous morality. 
It was a time in which such offences as blasphemy, 
thieving, card-playing, and extravagance are noted 
in the college books. Thus the golden age of col- 
lege morality is not to be sought for in its distant past. 
Nor does such searching of the records give us any 
reason to deplore the tendencies of the present. The 
ethics of our colleg-e show on the whole a continuous 
gain. The more one studies our history the more 
likely he is to believe that the moral tone among us 
was never higher than it is to-day. The more these 
young men have been trusted, the more they have 
justified our trust ; the more they have been left free, 
the better has been our college discipline. The ob- 



KEV. FRANCIS G. PEABODY'S SERMON. 163 

serving world catches sight of the scum which floats 
on the surface of college life, and calls it unclean ; 
but the nearer one gets to the mass of student life 
to-day, the surer he grows that the heart of it is 
sound. He does not pine for the good old times, for 
he sees the assurance of a much manlier morality in 
the tendencies and standards which prevail among 
us now. 

But issuing from these details of morality, we are 
brought into one great contrast of the spiritual life of 
a Puritan student with the spiritual life of a young 
man to-day, which sums up all that I wish to say. 
It is the contrast between life considered as an obliga- 
tion and life considered as an oj^portunity, between 
life regulated by the uniform method of superimposed 
authority and life opening out into an infinite variety 
of equal privileges. I need not emphasize this con- 
trast. Life as an obligation made the Puritan what 
he was. It fixed the method of study here. God 
demanded a definite type of student life, and it must 
be forthcoming. If our founders had been told that 
this was " a strait place," they would have quickly re- 
torted, " Strait is the gate that leadeth unto life, and 
broad the way that leadeth unto death." Now, on 
the other hand, there lies before us the sense of life 
as an opportunity. It marks the university as against 
the college system. Instead of uniformity, complexity ; 
instead of a straight and narrow way, an endless variety 
of paths. It is no longer the choice between a strait 
and a broad path : it is the choice between a highway 
and a way which one makes for himself. Under the 



164 FOUNDATION DAY. 

Puritan method the young man stands looking along 
a turnpike road ; he i^ays his toll and his path is 
defined. Under the modern method he stands look- 
ing up at the mountain of the scholar's life ; and 
it is for him to make his own way upward, threading 
as he may through the underbrush to the fair prospect 
at the summit. 

When this contrast thus presents itself, our first 
mood is one of unqualified congratulation. The gains 
in such a transition are obvious. It is the deliverance 
''out of a strait into a broad place." But what it 
becomes us to-day to remember is this: that the 
contrast is not one born of opposition, but one reached 
by growth. It is not possible for an institution or 
for any individual within it to value life as an 
opportunity until he has valued it as an obligation. 
It is not possible, either historically or personally, 
to outgrow the Puritan limitation until the Puritan 
position has itself been held. First, the qualities of 
Puritanism; then, larger qualities which Puritanism 
did not know, — such must be the order of growth 
alike in the community and in each soul. 

Such, for instance, is every man's experience about 
education. On the one hand, he must confess that 
the great transition of his intellectual life was when 
he passed from thinking of study as an obligation 
to thinking of it as an opportunity. Then it was 
that the guidance of his work was changed from a 
superimposed, authoritative, external direction to a 
voluntary, spontaneous, inward impulse. Then it was 
that he passed from the studies of a boy to the studies 



KEY. FRANCIS G. PEABODY'S SERMON. 165 

of a man. Yet, on the other hand, any student knows 
that except in rare cases of pecuhar genius one does 
not come to value the opportunities of study unless 
he has been trained in the obligations of study. The 
method of the boy precedes the method of the man. 
First, the discipline of authority ; then, the discovery 
that one may discipline himself. Let a young man 
come into the atmosphere of university life without 
this sense of obligation, and he rarely reaches the 
sense of opportunity. He has no background of Pu- 
ritan discij)line, and the time which to many marks an 
intellectual regeneration is a time frittered away. 

So it is in the development of the moral life. It is, 
indeed, a glad transition when the sense of moral 
obligation passes into that of moral opportunity, and 
the duties of life are accepted as its privileges. Yet 
it is none the less true that in the soul, as in the Bible, 
the law must precede the gospel. The higher grades 
of spontaneous virtue are rooted in the disciplined 
sense of duty. They do not outgrow duty: they 
grow out of it. To reach them independently is but 
trying to gather the fruits of life without nourishing 
the roots of life. " Perfect love casteth out fear," says 
a nobler spirit than that of the Puritans ; but no less 
truly replies the Puritan, '' The fear of the Lord is the 
beginning of wisdom." 

Or look at this contrast in what we may call our 
view of life. It was a hard, stern view which pre- 
vailed among the Puritans, fostered by their struggles, 
their poverty, and their creed. But what a courage, 
endurance, and optimism it bred ! These men never 



166 FOUNDATION DAY. 

despaired of tlieir country or tlieir race, or of the final 
purposes of God. And what, on the other hand, is 
this other curious plienomenon which we now witness 
among the cultivated, — this refined and gentle pessi- 
mism, this faith that the world is bad, and this ener- 
vating reliance on the solaces of art amid the wreck of 
hope, as though, while things must be evil, it was com- 
forting that they were still beautiful ? It is, once more, 
because so many men are now thrown into the midst 
of the opportunities of life before they have felt the 
obligations of life. What they need is a wholesome 
reinforcement of Puritan discipline, a healthier fric- 
tion with reality. Strangely enough, it is not easy 
conditions of life which make men have faith in life : 
it is hard conditions. The Hebrews set forth into 
poverty and homelessness, and develop a glorious 
optimism. Greece maintains herself in a continuous 
struggle against overwhelming odds, and begins, not 
the philosophy of despair, but the philoso^^hy of hope. 
Pessimism, on the other hand, is not the outcome of 
hardship and struggle : it is the outcome of ease ; it is 
the pliilosoj^hy of Sybarites. They believe in the bad- 
ness of a world they have not tried. Trial is their 
redemption. They fall back upon the holiness of 
beauty, because they have not tested the beauty of 
holiness. If we would regain faith in the world, it 
must be not by multiplying luxury, but by returning 
to simplicity. The Puritan view of life has its lesson 
still to teach amid the multiplying and dissipating 
resources of the modern world ; and where shall that 
lesson be taught and heeded, if not through increased 



KEY. FRANCIS G. PEABODY'S SERMON. 167 

simplicity and diminished ostentation in a Puritan 
colleg-e like this 1 

But, more than all, let us observe this same transi- 
tion in the religious world. The one great and happy 
change in a soul or in a world is when it issues from 
thinking of religion as an obligation, and comes to see 
it is an opportunity. It is not a change which is even 
yet universal. We still hear much of " supporting 
religion," of " standing up for Jesus," as though re- 
ligion were a poor, weak thing, against which we must 
build our scaffoldings to buttress and sustain it. But 
the fact is that we do not support religion, — it supports 
us. " Thou bearest not the root, but the root thee." 
Its mass sustains our props ; and when we remove the 
scaffoldings of obligation, and, standing off, observe 
the structure in its OAvn fairness, then for the first time 
comes the full glow of the religious life. Religion 
stands there, not as an institution to be supj)orted, but 
as an opportunity to be accepted. It is like a great 
cathedral rising in the midst of a busy town, with its 
daily persuasions to the soul. Such is the higher 
aspect of the religious life, of which the Puritan teach- 
ing knew but little. Yet, once more, the pressing peril 
of religion to-day lies in its divorce from the religion 
of the past. The opportunities of religion are but 
enervating influences unless they grow out of its 
obligations. Among the essays of Mr. Hutton, there 
is one which deals with what he calls the " Hard 
Church." It is the body of those whose faith is 
rigid, dogmatic, authoritative, obligatory. Certainly, 
the Puritans belonged to the hard church ; and we may 



168 FOUNDATION DAY. 

be grateful that a gentler age has come. But a kin- 
dred peril besets the modem world. It is the danger 
of falling into the ranks of what we must call the '' soft 
church," — soft, because instead of faith it has a mush 
of sentiment, with no vertebrated thought or rigid 
ethics, with the nature of a mollusk rather than the 
nature of a man. The hard church sees the obliga- 
tions of religion, and fails to see its gentler graces. 
The soft church sees the opportunities of religion, but 
builds on no rock of obligation. It is tolerant toward 
other beliefs, because it has no strong belief of its own. 
It is broad, but thin. It calls itself liberal, when it is 
only spiritually indolent, and is liberal only because 
it is soft. The soft church thinks religion is to be had 
without effort, — that while a man has to work to be 
rich or learned, he ought, somehow, to get his religion 
easily. It is fond of quoting that God can be had for 
the asking, as though that asking for God did not mean 
all the wrestling and waiting which the Puritan religion 
knew so well. Oh for some renewal of a more stren- 
uous faith amid this world of religious oj^portunity 
which opens so easily before us in our day ! If a man 
would build up into these higher opportunities, he must 
build down to the substructure of the sense of obli- 
gation. He must discipline himself to await his sum- 
mons, or the summons will come to him in vain. He 
must endure hardness as a good soldier of Jesus Christ, 
or the soft church will claim him as its own. 

Thus it is that the morals and faith of the Puritans 
stand in relation to the morals and faith of to-day 



KEY. FRANCIS G. PEABODY'S SERMON. 169 

We liave passed from the domain of the Puritan 
scheme, and we are grateful. We thank God that we 
are brought '' out of a strait into a broad place." Yet the 
way of life before us is not that of reaction, — it is that 
of evolution. There never was a time which needed 
more a background of the Puritan spirit. We need in 
our business morals a sterner sense of the fear of God. 
We need in our home life a renewed simplicity. We 
need in our religion a revival of discipline and res- 
ponsibility. It is the Puritan calling to us across cen- 
turies, and summoning us to the readjustment of the 
present with the past. 

And, finally, where shall this profoundest problem 
of the time be most fitly solved! In what kind of 
a community is it likely that faith shall thus grow 
large, continuous, and stable 1 The Puritan had 
his answer to this question. He believed that when 
men desired to advance the kingdom of God in 
a community, the best thing they could do was 
to found a college. We, too, reaching across the 
gulf of years, join hands with the Puritans in this 
belief. We know that what threatens religious truth 
is not — as many vainly cry — increase of learning, 
but increase of ignorance. We know that when minds 
are truly learned, they become not self-asserting or self- 
sufficient, but humble and tolerant in the presence of 
that unfathomed mystery into which all their learning 
opens. We know that the soft church is made up of 
the undisciplined minds, the superficial theologians, the 
self-sufficiency of ignorance. Just as we know that 
the first glimpse of learning has turned many minds 



170 FOUNDATION DAY. 

from religion, so we know that it is by the higher 
learning that religious conviction must be restored. 
If scholarship must change prevailing conceptions, it 
is for a higher scholarship to bring in a new reverence. 
The atmosphere of a true university should be an 
atmosphere pervaded by the sanctity of all learning 
honestly pursued. A college dedicated to Truth ought 
to be the servant of Christ and of his Church. 

Thus, then, in the name and in the service of religion, 
we praise and honor our University. We thank God 
that her way has been removed from a strait place 
and broadened toward a larger destiny. The fathers 
built their little skiff and launched it in circumscribed 
and familiar waters, and it served them well ; but an 
unheeded current bore it slowly down toward the tide 
and the scent of the sea. Their sons enlarged and 
strengthened it, and ventured forth beyond the head- 
lands in brief and timid voyages of discovery. For 
us, the skiff has been transformed into a mighty vessel ; 
and all the oceans of research are open to it and all the 
continents of knowledge wait beyond, and its depend- 
ence is no longer on the changeful winds which blow 
upon it, but on a motive power which is within itself. 
God give it many a prosperous voyage, and make it 
the bearer of many an honest man on many a manly 
errand ! 



SERMON. 

BY THE KEY. PHILLIPS BROOKS, D.D., 
Rector of Trinity Church, Boston. 



Jesus Christ, the same yesterday, to-day, and for ever. — 
Hebrews xiii. 8. 

Theee is no finer effort of the imagination than that 
which, at times Hke this, clothes a great institution with 
personahty, and makes it hve in all the fulness of intel- 
ligence and affection and will. It is not an uncommon 
power. The finest powers are not those which are ex- 
ceptional and rare, but those which belong in general 
to all humanity, and constitute the proof-marks of its 
excellence. In every age the member of the body of 
Christ has seen the great expression of Christ's life of 
which he was a part stand forth sublime and gracious 
as Mother-Church. In every time of national peril and 
preservation the patriot has been able to cry out to his 
beloved land standing before him in personal distinct- 
ness, — 

" O Beautiful ! my Country I ours once more ! 
Smoothing thy gold of war-dishevelled hair 
O'er such sweet brows as never other wore ! " 

In every period of her history the College has been a 
true person, a very Alma Mater to her children. 

The vividness of such personification must be great 
in proportion to the prominence and distinctness of 



172 FOUNDATION DAY. 

liuman life in the institution which thas assumes per- 
sonality. Not the railroad or the factory, things of 
machinery, but the church or the college, things of 
men, stand forth like great human beings and accept 
their titles when we call them he or she. And just be- 
cause she has human life within her in its most vivid 
and eager and critical time and shape, does a college 
most readily and thoroughly become the subject of 
this mysterious and beautiful process by which out of 
the confused and tumultuous experiences of uncounted 
men there issues as we gaze upon them one great 
image, which is, strangely, at once the aggregate and em- 
bodiment of them, and also something greater than them 
all, — their protector and nurse, their teacher, friend, 
and mother. It is out of the infinite human experience 
and pathos of this place, — it is out of the way in which 
these buildings and these grounds have been the scenes 
of so much human life for these two hundred and fifty 
years ; of struggles and hopes and fears and aspirations ; 
of doubts and dreads; of men's conflicts with them- 
selves, and of men's coming to the knowledge of them- 
selves ; of solitudes and associations ; of gainings of 
faith and of losings of faith ; of triumphs and of de- 
spairs ; of temptations and of ecstasies, — it is out of 
all this hovering like a great cloud over, rising like a 
great exhalation from, the long history of Harvard 
College and its generations of men, that slowly, mys- 
teriously, but at last very clearly, there shapes itself 
as we look, as the great outcome of the whole, a 
majestic being which we call the College, with liuman 
features and capacities, with eyes to smile or frown on 



REV. PHILLIPS BROOKS'S SERMON. 173 

US, with a mouth to praise us or rebuke us, with a 
heart to love us, with a will to rule us and to fix 
standards for our life. 

It is that embodiment of the College as a gigantic 
gracious personality that is most present with her chil- 
dren who have come up to her festival. She sits like 
Jerusalem upon her hills, " the mother of us all." It 
is that personal presence which is with us here to- 
night. What I want to do in the time which I may 
occupy with this sermon, is to remind myself and you 
that this great being whom we reverence and love 
must stand in some conscious relation and obedience 
to universal being, must feel her life included in some 
larger life, or else she fails of her best growth and 
good; and to see how that larger life in which hers 
must be inclosed, and out of which it is to be fed, is 
expressed in these words out of the old Epistle to the 
Hebrews, ''Jesus Christ, the same yesterday, to-day, 
and for ever." 

The necessity of which I speak is universal. There 
is no life which fulfils itself entirely and worthily ex- 
cept as it is inclosed witliin the grasp of a life larger 
than its own. Such inclosure may be represented as 
an obedience to which the life is bound, a service 
which it is compelled to render, — or, more truly, as 
the existence within an element which is its natural 
supply and food. Just think how numerous the illus- 
trations are. Each man must feel about him the grasp 
of the total humanity to which he belongs : if he does 
not, he becomes unhuman. Each truth must be aware 



174 FOUNDATION DAY. 

of the great whole of truth of which it utters a frag- 
ment: if it does not, it becomes untrue. Each star 
must quiver with the movement of the system, or it is 
a mere waif and stray of brilHance, living at random 
in the sky. Each article of faith must feel the creed 
around it. Each class in the community must live in 
the larger life of the community, which is above all 
classes and embraces all. Each nation must be part 
of the federation of the world. Each age in history 
must be conscious of all human history in whose em- 
brace it is held, and of the vast eternity in which all 
the history of this world, all time, swims as a cloud 
swims in the limitless sky. The Christian in the 
church, the citizen in the state, the institution in the 
commonwealth, — everywhere you have this principle 
of elemental life ; the principle that every life except 
the greatest lives in its element, the partial in the 
universal, the temporary in the eternal ; that, whether 
they be actively conscious of it or not, all things that 
really live are feeding themselves out of a great atmos- 
phere of larger life which surrounds them, and to which 
they must forever keep themselves open. The part 
which knows itself and lives in obedience and recep- 
tivity to its great whole is strong. The part which 
calls itself a whole, and shuts itself up against the 
inflow of that universal which is " ever green," grows 
dry and baiTen and desolate, and dies. 

Of how many dying lives of men and institutions 
is the secret here ! All false partisanship, all barren 
specialism, all intellectual and spiritual selfishness, is 
but the effort of the part to take itself out of the 



REV. PHILLIPS BROOKS'S SERMON. 175 

embrace of the whole. The healthy partisanship is 
always reaching out toward the universal interests and 
methods. The healthy specialism is always bathing 
itself in the absolute and universal truth. 

And now it is the privilege of festival times like 
those which our college is to keep to-morrow, that in 
them the part finds and feels anew its deep relations 
to the whole of things. That which the clash and 
clamor of detail, the necessary absorption of busy 
life in its own operations, has shut out and silenced, 
presses in and makes itself heard. The universal 
claims the special. The Infinite and Eternal makes 
itself known to the temporary and the finite. The 
planet stops one second to wonder at its own myste- 
rious life, and then the thrill of the suns comes pour- 
ing in upon it. The one enthusiastic study pauses for 
an instant, and in that quiet moment it feels the grasp 
of all knowledge warm around it. In its great anni- 
versary days the city bathes itself in the higher loy- 
alty, the broader patriotism, of the State. On his 
birthday, when he stops his work to gather up his 
life, the man knows himself more than the individual ; 
the whole humanity to which he belongs grows clear 
to him. 

Nor is this something which belongs only to the day 
of anniversary observance ; it comes with the lapse 
of history itself. Every institution which healthily 
lives is always in the very process of its life freeing 
itself more and more from slavery to its partial and 
temporary connections, and entering into broader re- 
lations with the true element of its existence. All 



176 FOUNDATION DAY. 

healthy action and movement tends to more and more 
hberated and enlarged relation to the intended condi- 
tions and elemental supply of the thing which acts 
and moves. There is no truer sign of the divine 
presence in, the divine care of, the world than that. 
The Church of Christ begins almost as a Jewish in- 
stitution. It is wrapt around with Jewish prejudices ; 
it treads at every step on the lines of Jewish exclu- 
siveness. But it lives, it moves, it does its work ; 
and by and by it has found out for itself, and it is 
asserting before the world, that its field is universal 
human nature, that the true element of its existence 
is a sympathy as broad as human kind. A man 
begins on some limited occupation. His care and 
interests are shut in to the little thing that he is 
doing. He thinks of himself only as the shoemaker 
or tailor. Is it not good, is it not beautiful, to see how 
as he faithfully does his one thing year after year 
his relation to other things that other men are do- 
ing but which he will never do, and to the whole of 
life in which his thing and all those other things 
are included, opens around him and becomes real 
to him, and he comes more and more to be not 
only the shoemaker and tailor, but the man ? If 
that broadening is not always going on, he is not 
working faithfully. So every true action in any 
sphere makes real the larger spheres in which we 
live. Long service of any master makes us feel the 
higher masteries, and sets us free to serve them. The 
longer we live truly in time the more we breathe 
the breath of eternity. The more largely we work 



REV. PHILLIPS BROOKS'S SERMON. 177 

in our specialty, the more we enter into the sense 
of the divineness of all work, the more we are tlie 
brothers of all workers everywhere. 

It would be terrible if it were not so. It is ter- 
rible that it is not so to hosts of workers in their 
drudgeries. Alas for the man who is not growing 
into broader sympathy with men the longer that he 
does his special work ! Alas for the institution that 
does not feel all life clamorous and profuse about 
it, the longer that it goes on building its little corner 
or laying its bit of the foundation of the great struc- 
ture ! Each has missed tlie best result of living, 
which is that life enlarges itself by its own healthy 
action, — solvitur amhulando, — and grows more con- 
scious and more receptive of the true element of its 
existence the longer and more faithfully it does its 
work. 

I have dwelt long on these first principles, because 
in them I find the key of the meaning of this college 
festival. All thankfulness for the past, all hope for 
the great future, depends I think on this, — on whether 
the University which we profoundly love has grown 
towards, and shall continually grow more and more 
into, a full obedience to the great masteries, a full ac- 
ceptance of the great elemental influences and supplies 
on which all life must feed, into the fuller and fuller 
relation to God and universal human life Avhich can 
alone make her and keep her what she ought to be. 
Let us see, with a hurried glance at some points in her 
history, whether there is any light upon the question 

12 



178 FOUNDATION DAY. 

which must rest heavily on many of her children's 
minds. 

First, then, it is hard to realize, although history 
clearly tells us of it, how definite and limited and 
special was the foundation of Harvard College. It 
lay like a round, compact ball of light in the in- 
tention of its founders. It had no relations with any 
region of human life except its own. To make min- 
isters of a certain faith and of a certain order, — that 
faith conceived of as the final expression of the 
truth of God; that order accepted as the appointed 
means for men's salvation, — to create certain types of 
experience and to protect an acknowledged system 
of church discipline, this was the end for which the 
college was established. Learning was valued, but 
it was valued for tliis end. Never was there a sj^s- 
tem more clearly conceived, more definitely limited, 
than that New England Puritanism. The great 
world of humanity lay around it unfelt, unregarded. 
All secular interests were absorbed into it, and where 
they could not be absorbed were ignored or denounced. 
Like a rock in a great sea, resting upon its own 
foundations, beaten upon by waves of which it took 
no manner of account, so stands the Puritanism of 
the seventeenth century, and the Harvard College 
which it built in the midst of the multifarious and 
restless history of man. 

The history of the college since that time of its 
foundation has been the story of a constant open- 
ing of this intense and limited and narrow life to 
f the great human world by which it was surrounded. 



REV. PHILLIPS BROOKS'S SERMON. 179 

The years have brought perpetual enlargement. That 
narrowness and specialness of the seventeenth cen- 
tury Puritanism has shown how healthy it was even 
in its isolation, by the capacity which it has devel- 
oped to blend once more with larger human life, 
and make itself more and more truly human. 

There are four periods coming almost at the be- 
ginning and in the middle of each century, almost 
exactly fifty years apart, which seem to me to mark 
the stages of this outward pulsation of our college 
life, this feeling of and response to humanity around 
it. They have all taken the form of special contro- 
versies, but their spirit was larger and deeper than 
their form. 

At the beginning of the eighteenth century came 
the struggle about church discipline. There was a 
bursting open of the tight, compact body of techni- 
cal sainthood. Increase Mather, the great exponent 
of the genius and nature out of which the college 
sprang, published on the 1st of March, 1700, his 
" Order of the Gospel Justified." " Sundry ministers 
of the Gospel in New England " replied to him. The 
real question was, who should be counted true sub- 
jects of the Christian sacraments? When Increase 
Mather and his son Cotton were defeated, it was 
a sign that the earnestness which existed in human 
life at large had made itself felt within the church, 
and that the hard close envelope of church disci- 
pline had broken open. 

Fifty years later came another contest, resulting 
in a new enlargement. In 1736 there was a ''great 



180 FOUNDATION DAY. 

awakening " or revival of religion in Northampton, 
where Jonathan Edwards was preaching his intense 
and earnest gospel. In 1740 George Whitfield came 
like a great wind of God across the land. The col- 
lege life was stirred. The sober souls grew fearful 
of enthusiasm. President Holyoke preached against 
Pharisaism ; and Dr. AVigglesworth, the Hollis Pro- 
fessor, wrote a strong letter to the great English 
Evangelist, protesting against his aspersions on the 
college piety. It is not necessary to take sides in 
the old dead dispute ; certainly it is not necessary 
for us to praise in full what no doubt was a very 
lukewarm condition of religious zeal, — but we may 
well rejoice in the occurrence as a breaking open of 
what had been a very hard and tight idea of reli- 
gious experience. It was a protest in behalf of the 
variety and spontaneity of spiritual life ; • it was a 
claiming of its rights for the soul of man. So it 
was in the region of experience a true enlargement 
of the deep life of the college. 

The nineteenth century began with a more seri- 
ous convulsion. In 1805 the Rev. Henry Ware 
was chosen, after a long struggle, to the HolHs Pro- 
fessorship of Divinity. Once more, we need not 
commit ourselves to his theology, nor to that which 
for many years after remained the ruling theology 
of the University, in order to recognize that in that 
act and all which was connected with it there was 
a true breaking open of the shell of dogma and a 
participation by the college thought in the more 
universal cuiTcnts which were sweeping through the 



REV. PHILLIPS BROOKS'S SERMON. 181 

world. It was an opening of the truth to the more 
general influence of Truth. It was as if a skin-full of 
water which had been floating in the ocean had burst, 
and the water in it had flowed out and the water 
of the miglity ocean had flowed in. 

All these enlargements were within the sphere of 
what is technically called theology. Need I remind 
you of how in these more recent days, in the third 
and fourth quarters of this nineteenth century, 
technical theology itself has broken open and min- 
gled itself with life. New sciences have claimed 
that they too have revelations to give us of the 
will and ways of God. The actual life of men, the 
problems of the personal soul, the perplexities of 
social life, — these, as well as the abstractions of the 
intellect, have proved their power to waken doubt 
and to inspire faith. You cannot separate theology 
any longer by sharp lines from psychology and soci- 
ology. The open doors of the college chapel into 
which no man henceforth is driven, from which no 
man is excluded, in and out of which men pass spon- 
taneously and freely, give a true symbol of the way 
in which theology and life — what men have loved 
to call the sacred, and wliat men have dared to call 
the profane — flow freely in and out of one another. 

These, very hurriedly suggested, are the four. The 
enlargement of Discipline, the enlargement of Ex- 
perience, the enlargement of Dogma, the enlarge- 
ment of Life, — these are the successive openings of 
the envelopes which have inclosed the thought and 
action of the college, until at last it stands free to 



182 FOUNDATION DAY. 

draw its inspiration from, and to exercise its influ- 
ence upon, the whole activity of man. 

What meaning" shall we see in all this? No 
doubt it is possible enough to see no meaning, or 
to see low meanings, in it. Possible enough to see 
no meaning, to think of it all as a long dynasty of 
accidents, — chance killing chance, and taking posses- 
sion of the vacant throne. If that is all, then no- 
body can guess the futm-e from this past: on into 
utter recklessness or back into a darker and severer 
superstition than any from which she has escaped, 
either way, this chance-governed, ungoverned world 
of ours may go. Possible to give it all a low mean- 
ing; possible enough to see in it nothing but the 
castinof off of restraint after restraint, in order that 
at last all traces of connection with the supernatural 
shall disappear, and the slavery and degradation of 
pure secularism shall be complete, — mitil at last reli- 
gion and the mystery of life shall be forever dis- 
sipated, and the thin, hard, and colorless relic which 
is left shall lie staring upon us in the glare of the 
electric light which men choose to call by the great 
name of science. 

Either of these ways of looking at it all is possible. 
But there is yet another and a higher possibility. 
There may be in all this progress of enlargement 
which we have traced a richer and more gracious 
meaning. It may signify — we believe that it does 
signify — the partial gradually reconciling itself to 
the universal ; the temporary, little by little, fulfilling 
itself with the eternal. There was a discipline of 



REV. PHILLIPS BROOKS'S SERMON. 183 

the Christian Cliurcli larger than the discipHne of 
the Puritans, in which the discipline of the Puritans 
had floated as the part floats in the whole. The 
discipline of the Puritans felt that; was pressed on, 
was tempted by it, and at last broke open in the 
attempt to find it. Experience was larger than Whit- 
field, Dogma was larger than Calvin, Life was larger 
than Theology; and so one after another, in these 
which are the concentric spheres within which human 
nature lives, the successive openings of the partial 
into the universal, and the temporary into the eter- 
nal, came. Not less but more mysterious and rich 
and religious is the little floating part when it hears 
the vast whole on every side of it calling with deep 
voice, and opens its small existence and is first filled 
and then absorbed by the complete, which is greater 
than its partialness. 

And now I know that you have felt how I have 
been circling about my text, and just upon the point 
of touching it. What is this whole, after which all 
the partial life of our great College has been reach- 
ing, toward which she has been enlarging herself 
all these two hundred and fifty years'? What is 
this universal and eternal power within which these 
and all the temporary struggles of mankind are in- 
cluded? We open the Sacred Book, we turn to the 
majestic letter written centuries ago to members of 
the great sacred nation, and there we find our an- 
swer: ''Jesus Christ, the same yesterday, to-day, 
and for ever." 



184 FOUNDATION" DAY. 

And what and who is Jesus Christ *? In rever- 
ence and humility let us give our answer. He 
is the meeting of the Divine and Human, — the 
presence of God in humanity, the perfection of hu- 
manity in God ; the divine made human, the human 
shown to be capable of union with the divine ; the 
utterance therefore of the nearness and the love of 
God, and of the possibility of man. Once in the 
ages came the wondrous life, once in the stretch of 
history the face of Jesus shone in Palestine, and 
his feet left their blessed impress upon earth; but 
what that life made manifest had been forever true. 
Its truth was timeless, the truth of all eternity. 
The love of God, the possibility of man, — these two 
which made the Christhood, — these two, not two, 
but one, had been the element in which all life was 
lived, all knowledge known, all growth attained. 
Oh, how little men have made it, and how great it 
is ! Around all life which ever has been lived there 
has been poured forever the life of the loving deity 
and the ideal humanity. All partial excellence, all 
learning, all brotherhood, all hope has been bosomed 
on this changeless, this unchanging Being which 
has stretched from the forgotten beginning to the 
unguessed end. It is because God has been always, 
and been always good, and because man has 
been always the son of God, capable in the very 
substance of his nature of likeness to and union 
with his Father, — it is because of this that noble- 
ness has never died, that truth has been sought and 
found, that struggle and hope have always sprung 



REV. PHILLIPS BROOKS'S SERMON. 185 

anew, and that the life of man has always reached 
to larger and to larger things. 

This is the Christian truth of Christ. " In Him 
was life, and the life was the light of men." This 
is the truth of man's redemption. As any man or 
any institution feels and claims around its life, as 
the element in which it is to live, the sympathy of 
God and the perfectibility of man, that man or in- 
stitution is redeemed ; its fetters and restraints give 
way, and it goes forward to whatever growth and 
glory it is in the line of its being to attain. 

It is the duty of an anniversary to test and re- 
cog-nize the relation in which a man or a venerable 
college stands to this element of the Christhood, to 
the goodness of God and the greatness of man, as 
making together the atmosphere of life. Think then 
about the history of our college as we hurriedly 
traced it. Is its true explanation here 1 Has all this 
constant enlargement of its life been moving towards 
the great trutlis of the goodness of God and the 
sublime capacity of man ? It must be so. Our pro- 
gress of these two centuries and a half would be a 
terrible mockery if it were not so, — if, whether we 
are conscious of it or not, we had not been always 
advancing towards a deeper, warmer, truer certainty 
of the divine love surrounding us, and a profounder 
assurance of the unexhausted capacity of man whose 
faculties were finding training here. 

"Whether we are conscious of it or not," I say; 
for one of the assurances which comes to us most 
clearly at a time of festival like this, is that our 



186 FOUNDATION DAY. 

history has been under diviner guidance and has 
moved toward nobler ends than we have understood. 
The college has been in greater, holier hands than 
she has known. Alas for the college, if these two 
hundred and fifty years have meant for her no more 
than she has been able to see that they were meaning! 
In many ways it seems as if she had been strangely 
and specially unable to read the deeper meanings of 
her history. Our college is not quick to believe the 
highest things about herself Our Harvard way is, as 
a whole, to read life on its negative side more than on 
its positive. We think of such enlargements as I have 
depicted rather as escapes from bigotry and supersti- 
tion than as possible entrances into deeper faith. We 
dwell more on the exposure of error than on the 
discovery of truth in spiritual things. "We are more 
afraid of believing something which we ought not to 
believe, than of not believing something whicli we 
ouo-ht to believe. We distrust the enthusiasms of 
faith. As we loose our ship from any moorings of 
the past to sail out into any great uncertain ocean 
of the future, we are more ready to listen to the 
malarial voices which cry to us from the shore, " Be- 
gone, Begone ! " than to hear the great deej^ with its 
unbounded inspirations bidding us, *' Come on, Come 
on ! " Who of us does not know this temper of our 
good mother, and how sedulously she instils it into 
her children! 

Therefore it is that more than most institutions our 
University has lived under greater forces and for 
greater ends than she has habitually acknowledged 



REV. PHILLIPS BROOKS'S SERMON. 187 

to herself. Tlierefore it is that in her commemora- 
tive season our University is specially bound to 
look deep into her own life, to look broadly 
across her own history, and to see with unhesitat- 
ing eyes what diviner significance than she has 
known has been in her. If when she only said to 
herself that she was training boys to make their 
living, giving them good habits, showing them how 
to study, now and then by the way discovering a 
bit of truth which had not been known before, now 
and then by the way casting out a bit of error which 
had been proved untrue, — if all the time when she 
has been seeming to herself to be doing only this, 
God has been bearing testimony in her to the nearness 
of His love and to the divineness of manhood as His 
child, — now at her festival, when she gathers all her 
history up into her consciousness and stands in awe 
before herself, now is the time for her to boldly recog- 
nize her own profounder meaning, to own the Christ- 
hood within which she has lived, and to give her 
whole future up to it for government and help and 
blessing. My friends, brethren in the love and care 
of our great mother, let us do that for her. Let us 
demand of her to do that for herself to-day. 

What does it mean, to do that! How can she do 
that, does she ask? Let her remember, let her 
know, that Christ is law as well as truth; Christ is 
righteousness as well as revelation. The Christhood 
wdiich is yesterday, to-day, and forever is the perpet- 
ual utterance of the unchanging ordinance of God 
that only through the doing of the right does man 



188 rOUXDATION DAY. 

come to the knowledge of the true. Let then the 
college which seeks the highest truth in Christ accept 
the necessity of righteousness as the sole doorway and 
avenue to it. We miss this great conviction in too 
much of our University history. In the multitude 
of our police regulations, in the thoroughly econom- 
ical view of conduct which a great community begets, 
we feel too rarely the great inspiration of righteous- 
ness as opening the way to truth, of character as the 
medium through which light can flow. ''Blessed are 
the pure in heart, for they shall see God," — are those 
words too lofty, too transcendent, to write on the new 
portal of the college yard? Would they be but a 
mockery of the baser thoughts of life, the lower ideas 
of learning, which the yard contains? Alas for the 
college if that be so ! for only when a great University 
cultivates character and insists on righteousness, be- 
cause so only can she know the real truth concerning 
the divine and human, concerning God and man, only 
then has she claimed her place within that power 
which bridges the eternities ; only then has she really 
given herself to Jesus Christ, the same yesterday, to- 
day, and forever. 

To such a University, cultivating righteousness as 
the medium of faith, must come great privileges. We 
love to think that she must become a great home of 
reconciliations. In her calm and lofty air the friends 
of whom the world would make foes must meet and 
own their friendship. Science and religion, faith 
and reason, individuality and society, conservatism 
and radicalism, poverty and wealth, the past and the 



REV. PHILLIPS BROOKS'S SERMON. 189 

future, — these must join hands and walk in peace 
with one another in a city of scholars, where not in 
the base spirit of compromise, but in the higher at- 
mosphere of universal and eternal truth and duty, 
the essential unity of all good things shall be made 
manifest and clear. 

I hope that I have made clear the thought of the col- 
lege which was upon my heart when I began to speak. 
Let me put that thought in a single word as I close. 
Behind all life, before all life, above all life, below 
all life is Christ. As the world lives in the sky, so 
all life lives in Him. He is the power and love of 
God and the divine capacity in man, not held as 
truths, but folded in personal inspiration around the 
life which lives in them. All progress, all enlarge- 
ment of any institution consists in nearer and freer 
and more spiritual approach to Him. His method of 
drawing lives to Him is the method of enlightenment 
through righteousness. We are thankful for all the 
righteous life of the past. We pray for honesty, 
uprightness, purity, courage in the future, because 
through these the college must more and more cease 
to be an isolated struggle in a special field. More and 
more it must become a part of the great onward move- 
ment of the purposes of God, — a part of the great 
everlasting development of man into the measure of 
the stature of the fulness of Christ. 

How can we better close than with these words out 
of this same Epistle to the Hebrews : '' We are made 
partakers of Christ if we hold the beginning of our 



190 FOUNDATION DAY. 

confidence steadfast unto the end." There is no break 
in such a history as ours. To ever larger duty, to 
ever larger truth, the old college goes forth under the 
perpetual inspirations of faith in God and faith in man. 
Those two together make the faith of Christ. May 
He who has been our master from the far-off begin- 
ning, be our master, ever more and more acknowledged, 
ever more and more obeyed, on even to the distant 
end! 



THE ALUMNI DAY. 



The main features of this day were the services in Sanders 
Theatre in the forenoon, and the dinner, with the addresses, 
in the afternoon. 



THE ALUMNI DAY. 

November 8, 1886. 



I. 

^\)e ^erbices in ^antierfi! ffteatre. 

The President of the Association of the Alumni advanced 
and spoke as follows : — 

OPENING ADDRESS. 

BY THE HONORABLE CHARLES DEVENS. 

Mr. President, Brethren of the Alumni: 

I congratulate you that we are assembled in such 
full numbers on this interesting occasion and in the 
presence of the authorities of the University, who 
unite with us in its celebration. 

Together on this day we are entitled to enjoy the 
history and the memories of the past two hundred and 
fifty years during which our cherished institution has 
had its life, and hopefully to anticipate for it an ever- 
widening sphere of usefulness in the years which are 
to come. 

On your behalf, and on that of all present, I welcome 
most cordially the honored President of the United 
States, and the members of his cabinet who accom- 

13 



194 THE ALUMNI DAY. 

pany liira ; his Excellency the Governor of the Com- 
monwealth ; the delegates from other universities and 
colleges; and the other distinguished guests who honor 
us by their presence. 

Without preface, I will ask your attention to the 
literary exercises which have been arranged. Neither 
orator nor poet will need any introduction from me 
to you. 

At their conclusion, the President of the University 
will make certain announcements from his ancient 
academic chair, to which I am sure you will gladly 
listen. 

In your name. Brethren, I invite the Rev. Prof. 
Francis G. Peabody to commence our day with 
prayer. 

After the prayer and singing, the Orator and Poet each took 
his place in turn at the desk. 



ORATION. 

BY JAMES KUSSELL LOWELL. 

Professor in the University. 

It seems an odd anomaly, that, while respect for 
age and deference to its opinions have diminished and 
are still sensibly diminishing among us, the relish of 
antiquity should be more pungent, and the value set 
upon things merely because they are old should be 
greater in America than anywhere else. It is merely 
a sentimental relish ; for ours is a new country in more 
senses than one, and like children when they are fan- 



JAMES RUSSELL LOWELL'S ORATION. 195 

eying themselves this or that, we have to play very 
hard in order to believe that we are old. But we like 
the game none the worse, and multiply our anniver- 
saries with honest zeal, as if we increased our centuries 
by the number of events we could congratulate on 
having happened a hundred years ago. There is 
something of instinct in this ; and it is a wholesome 
instinct, if it serve to quicken our consciousness of the 
forces that are gathered by duration and continuity, — 
if it teach us that, ride fast and far as we may, we 
carry the Past on our crupper, as immovably seated 
there as the black Care of the Roman poet. The 
generations of men are braided inextricably together, 
and the very trick of our gait may be countless gen- 
erations older than we. 

I have sometimes wondered whether as the faith of 
men in a future existence grew less confident, they 
might not be seeking some equivalent in the feeling 
of a retrospective duration, if not their own, at least 
that of their race. Yet even this continuance is tri- 
fling and ephemeral. If the tablets unearthed and 
deciphered by geology have forced us to push back 
incalculably the birthday of man, they have in like 
proportion impoverished his recorded annals, making 
even the Platonic year but as a single grain of the 
sand in Time's hour-glass, and the inscriptions of 
Egypt and Assyria modern as yesterday's newspaper. 
Fancy flutters over these vague wastes like a butterfly 
blown out to sea, and finds no foothold. It is true 
that if we may put as much faith in heredity as 
seems reasonable to many of us, we are all in some 



196 THE ALUMNI DAY. 

transcendental sense the coevals of primitive man, and 
Pythagoras may well have been present in Euphorbus 
at the siege of Troy. Had Shakespeare's thought 
taken this turn when he said to Time, — 

" Thy pyramids built up with newer might 
To me are nothiDg uovel, nothing strange ; 
They are but dressings of a former sight." 

But this imputed and vicarious longevity, though it 
may be obscurely operative in our lives and fortunes, 
is no valid offset for the shortness of our days, nor 
widens by a hair's breadth the horizon of our memo- 
ries. Man and his monuments are of yesterday, and 
we, however we may play with our fancies, must con- 
tent ourselves with being young. If youth be a defect, 
it is one that we outgrow only too soon. 

Mr. Euskin said the other day that he could not live 
in a country that had neither castles nor cathedrals; 
and doubtless men of imaginative temper find not only 
charm but inspiration in structures which Nature has 
adopted as her foster-children, and on which Time has 
laid his hand only in benediction. It is not their an- 
tiquity, but its association with man, that endows 
them with such sensitizing potency. Even the land- 
scape sometimes bewitches us by this glamour of a 
human past; and the green pastures and golden slopes 
of England are sweeter both to the outward and to 
the inward eye that the hand of man has immemorially 
cared for and caressed them. The nightingale sings 
with more prevailing passion in Greece that we first 
heard her from the thickets of a Euripidean chorus. 
For myself, I never felt the working of this spell so 



JAMES RUSSELL LOWELL'S ORATION. 197 

acutely as in those gray seclusions of the college quad- 
rangles and cloisters at Oxford and Cambridge, con- 
scious with venerable associations, and whose very 
stones seemed happier for growing old there. The 
chapel pavement still whispered with the blessed feet 
of that long procession of saints and sages, and schol- 
ars and poets, who are all gone into a world of light, 
but whose memories seem to consecrate the soul from 
any ignobler companionship. 

Are we to suppose that these memories were less 
dear and gracious to the Puritan scholars, at whose 
instigation this college was founded, than to that other 
Puritan who sang the " dim religious light," the " long- 
drawn aisle and fretted vault," which these memories 
recalled 1 Doubtless all these things were present to 
their minds, but they were ready to forego them all 
for the sake of that truth whereof, as Milton says of 
himself, they were members incorporate. The pitiful 
contrast which they must have felt between the carven 
sanctuaries of learning they had left behind and the 
wattled fold they were rearing here on the edge of the 
wilderness, is to me more than tenderly — it is almost 
sublimely — pathetic. When I think of their unplia- 
ble strength of purpose, their fidelity to their ideal, 
their faith in God and in themselves, I am inclined to 
say with Donne that 

" We are scarce our fathers' shadows cast at noon." 

Our past is well-nigh desolate of sesthetic stimulus. 
We have none, or next to none, of these aids to the im- 
agination, of these coigns of vantage for the tendrils of 
memory or affection. Not one of our older buildings 



198 THE ALUMNI DAY. 

is venerable, or will ever become so. Time refuses to 
console them. They all look as if they meant business, 
and notliing more. And it is precisely because this 
college meant business, business of the gravest import, 
and did that business as thoroughly as it might with 
no means that were not niggardly except an abundant 
purjDOse to do its best, — it is precisely for this that we 
have gathered here to-day. We come back hither from 
the experiences of a richer life, as the son who has 
prospered returns to the household of his youth, to 
find in its very homeliness a pulse, if not of deeper, 
certainly of fonder, emotion than any splendor could 
stir. ''Dear old mother," we say, "how charming you 
are in your plain cap and the drab silk that has been 
turned again since we saw you! You were constantly 
forced to remind us that you could not afford to give 
us this and that which some other boys had ; but your 
discipline and diet were wholesome, and you sent us 
forth into the world with the sound constitutions and 
healthy appetites that are bred of simple fare." 

It is good for us to commemorate this homespun 
past of ours; good, in these days of a reckless and 
swaggering prosperity, to remind ourselves how poor 
our fathers were, and that we celebrate them because 
for themselves and their children they chose wisdom 
and understanding and the things that are of God 
rather than any other riches. This is our Founders' 
Day, and we are come together to do honor to them 
all : first, to the Commonwealth which laid our corner- 
stone ; next, to the gentle and godly youth from whom 
we took our name, — himself scarce more than a 



JAMES RUSSELL LOWELL'S ORATION. 199 

name; and with tliem to the countless throng of 
benefactors, rich and poor, who have built us up to 
what we are. We cannot do it better than in the 
familiar words : " Let us now praise famous men and 
our fatliers that begat us. The Lord hath wrought 
great glory by them tlu'ough his great power from the 
beginning. Leaders of the people by their counsels, 
and by their knowledge of learning meet for the peo- 
ple ; wise and eloquent in their instructions. There 
be of them that have left a name behind them that 
their praises might be reported. And some there be 
which have no memorial, who are perished as though 
they had never been. But these were merciful men 
whose righteousness hath not been forgotten. With 
their seed shall continually remain a good inheritance. 
Their seed standeth fast, and their children for their 
sakes." 

This two hundred and fiftieth anniversary of our 
college is not remarkable as commemorating any 
memorable length of days. There is hardly a country 
in Europe but can show us universities that were 
older than ours now is when ours was but a grammar- 
school, with Eaton as master. Bologna, Paris, Ox- 
ford were already famous schools when Dante visited 
them (as I love to think he did) six hundred years ago. 
We are ancient, it is true, on our own continent, — an- 
cient even as compared with several German univer- 
sities more renowned than we. But it is not primarily 
the longevity of our Alma Mater upon which we are 
gathered here to congratulate her and each other. 
Kant says somewhere, that, as the records of human 



200 THE ALUMNI DAY. 

transactions accumulate, the memory of man will have 
room only for those of supreme cosmopolitical impor- 
tance. Can we claim for the birthday we are keeping 
a significance of so wide a bearing and so long a reach 1 
If w^e may not do that, we may at least affirm confi- 
dently that the event it records and emphasizes is sec- 
ond in real import to none that has happened in this 
western hemisphere. The material growth of the colo- 
nies would have brought about their political separa- 
tion from the Mother Country in the fulness of time, 
without that stain of blood which unhappily keeps its 
own memory green so long. But the founding of the 
first English college here was what saved New Eng- 
land from becoming a mere geographical expression. 
It did more; for it insured, and I believe was meant to 
insure, our intellectual independence of the Old World. 
That independence has been long in coming, but it 
will come at last ; and are not the names of the chief- 
est of those who have hastened its coming written on 
the roll of Harvard College ? 

I think this foundation of ours a quite unexampled 
thing. Surely never were the bases of such a struc- 
ture as this has become, and was meant to be, laid by 
a community of men so poor, in circumstances so un- 
precedented, and under what seemed such sullen and 
averted stars. The colony, still insignificant, was in 
danger of an Indian war; was in the throes of that 
Antinomian controversy which threatened its very 
existence, — yet the leaders of opinion on both sides 
were united in the resolve that sound learning and 
an educated clergy should never cease from among 



JAMES RUSSELL LOWELL'S ORATIOX. 201 

them or tlieir descendants in the commonwealth they 
were building up. In the midst of such fears and 
such tumults Harvard College was born, and not 
Marina herself had a more blusterous birth or a more 
chiding nativity. The prevision of those men must 
have been as clear as their faith was steadfast. Well 
they knew and had laid to heart the wise man's pre- 
cept, " Take fast hold of instruction ; let her not go; 
for she is thy life." 

There can be little question that the action of the 
General Court received its impulse and direction from 
the clergy, men of eminent qualities and of well- 
deserved autliority. Among the Massachusetts Bay 
colonists the proportion of ministers, trained at Ox- 
ford and Cambridge, was surprisingly large ; and if 
we may trust the evidence of contemporary secular 
literature, such men as Higginson, Cotton, Wilson, 
Norton, Shepard, Bulkley, Davenport, to mention no 
more, were in learning, intelligence, and general ac- 
complishment far above the average parson of the 
country and the church from which their consciences 
had driven them out. The presence and influence of 
such men were of inestimable consequence to the for- 
tunes of the colony. If they were narrow, it was as 
the sword of righteousness is narrow. If they had 
but one idea, it was as the leader of a forlorn hope 
has but one, and can have no other, — namely, to 
do the duty that is laid on him, and ask no questions. 
Our Puritan ancestors liave been misrepresented and 
maligned by persons without imagination enough to 
make themselves contemporary with, and therefore 



202 THE ALUMNI DAY. 

able to understand, tlie men whose memories they 
strive to blacken. That happy breed of men Avho 
both in Chm-cli and State led our first emigration, 
were children of the most splendid intellectual epoch 
that England has ever known. They were the coe- 
vals of a generation which passed on in scarcely 
diminished radiance the torch of life kindled in great 
Eliza's golden days. Out of the new learning, the 
new ferment alike religious and national, and the 
new discoveries with their suggestion of boundless 
possibility, the alembic of that age had distilled a 
potent elixir either inspiring or intoxicating, as the 
mind that imbibed it was strong or weak. Are we 
to suppose that the lips of the founders of New Eng- 
land alone were unwetted by a drop of that stimulat- 
ing draught ? — that Milton was the only Puritan who 
had read Marlow and Shakespeare, and Ben Jonson 
and Beaumont and Fletcher'? I do not believe it, 
whoever may. It was from the natural sympathy of 
a gentleman and scholar with gentlemen and scliolars, 
that holy George Herbert wrote, — 

" Religion stands a-tiptoe in this land, 
Ready to part for the American strand." 

Did they flee from persecution to become them- 
selves persecutors in turn? This means only that 
they would not permit their holy enterprise to be 
hindered or their property to be damaged even by 
men with the most pious intentions, and as sincere, 
if not always so wise, as they. They would not stand 
any nonsense, as the phrase is, — a mood of mind from 
which their descendants seem somewhat to have de- 



JAMES RUSSELL LOWELL'S ORATION. 203 

generated. They were no more unreasonable tlian 
the landlady of Taylor the Platonist, in refusing to 
let him sacrifice a bull to Jupiter in her back-parlor. 
The New England Puritans of the second generation 
became narrow enough, and puppets of that formalism 
against which their fathers had revolted. But this 
was the inevitable result of that isolation which cut 
them off from the great currents of cosmopolitan 
thought and action. Communities as well as men 
have a right to be judged by their best. We are 
justified in taking the elder Winthrop as a type of 
the leading emigrants ; and the more w^e know him 
the more we learn to reverence his great qualities, 
whether of mind or character. The posterity of those 
earnest and single-minded men may have tlu'own the 
creed of their fathers into the waste-basket, but their 
fidelity to it and to the duties they believed it to in- 
volve is the most precious and potent drop in their 
transmitted blood. It is especially noteworthy that 
they did not make a strait-waistcoat of this creed for 
their new college. The more I meditate upon them, 
the more I am inclined to pardon the enthusiasm of 
our old preacher, when he said that God had sifted 
three kingdoms to plant New England. 

The Massachusetts Bay Colony itself also was then 
and since without a parallel. It was established by a 
commercial company, whose members combined in 
themselves the two by no means incongruous ele- 
ments of religious enthusiasm and business sagacity, 
— the earthy ingredient, as in dynamite, holding in 
check its explosive partner, which yet could and did 



204 THE ALUMNI DAY. 

explode on sufficient concussion. They meant that 
their venture should be gainful, but at the same time 
believed that nothing could be long profitable for the 
body wherein the soul found not also her advantage. 
They feared God, and kept their powder dry because 
they feared Him and meant that others should. I 
think their most remarkable characteristic was their 
public spirit ; and in nothing did they show both that 
and the wise forecast that gives it its best value more 
clearly, than when they resolved to keep the higher 
education of youth in their own hands and under 
their own eye. This they provided for in the college. 
Eleven years later they established their system of 
public schools, where reading and writing should be 
taught. This they did partly, no doubt, to provide 
feeders for the more advanced schools, and so for the 
college ; but even more, it may safely be inferred, be- 
cause they had found that the polity to which their 
ends — rough-hew them as they might — must be 
shaped by the conditions under which they were 
forced to act, could be safe only in the hands of in- 
telligent men, or, at worst, of men to wdiom they had 
given a chance to become such. 

In founding the college they had three objects : 
first, the teaching of the Humanities and of Hebrew, 
as the hieratic language ; second, the training of a 
learned as well as godly clergy ; and third, the educa- 
tion of the Indians, that they might serve as mission- 
aries of a higher civilization and of a purer religion, 
as the necessary preliminary thereto. The third of 
these objects, after much effort and much tribulation, 



JAMES RUSSELL LOWELL'S ORATION. 205 

tliey were forced to abandon. John Winthrop, Jr., in 
a letter written to the Honorable Robert Boyle in 
1663, gives us an interesting glimpse of a pair of these 
dusky catechumens. " I make bold," he says, '' to 
send heere inclosed a kind of rarity. ... It is two 
papers of Latin composed by two Indians now scol- 
lars in the colledge in this country, and the writing 
is with their own hands. . . . Possibly as a novelty 
of that kind it may be acceptable, being a reall fruit 
of that hopefull worke y* is begu amongst them, . . . 
testifying thus much that I received them of those 
Indians out of their own hands, and had ready an- 
swers fro them in Latin to many questions that I 
propounded to them in y* language, and heard them 
both express severall sentences in Greke also. I 
doubt not but those honorable Fautores Scientiarum 
[the Royal Society] will gladly receive the intelli- 
gence of such vestigia doctrince in this wilderness 
amongst such a barbarous j)eople." Alas, these ves- 
tigia became only too soon retrorsum ! The Indians 
showed a far greater natural predisposition for dis- 
furnishing the outside of other people's heads than 
for furnishing the insides of their own. Their own 
wild life must have been dear to them ; the forest 
beckoned just outside the college door, and the first 
blue-bird of spring whistled them back to the woods. 
They would have said to the President, with the 
gypsy steward in the old play, when he heard the 
new-come nightingale, — "Oh, sir, you hear ; I am 
called." At any rate, our college succeeded in keep- 
ing but one of these wild creatures long enough to 



206 THE ALUMNI DAY. 

make a graduate of liim, and he tliereiipon vanishes 
into the merciful shadow of the past. His name — 
but as there was only one Indian graduate, so there is 
only one living man who can pronounce his uncon- 
verted name ; and I leave the task to Dr. Hammond 
Trumbull. 

I shall not attempt, even in brief, a history of the 
college. It has already been excellently done. A 
compendium of it would be mainly a list of unfamiliar 
names, and Coleridge has said truly that such names 
" are non-conductors ; they stop all interest." 

The fame and usefulness of all institutions of learn- 
ing depend on the greatness of those who teach in 
them, — 

Quels arte benigna, 

Et meliore luto liuxit prsecordia Titan, — 

and great teachers are almost rarer than great poets. 
We can lay claim to none such (I must not speak of 
the living), unless it be Agassiz, w^hom we adopted, 
but we have had many devoted, and some eminent. 
It has not been their fault if they have not pushed 
farther forward the boundaries of knowledge. Our 
professors have been compelled by the necessities of 
the case (as we are apt to call things which we ought 
to reform, but do not) to do too much work not 
properly theirs, and that of a kind so exacting as to 
consume the energy that might have been ample for 
higher service. They have been obliged to double 
the parts of professor and tutor. During the seven- 
teenth century we have reason to think that the 
college kept pretty well up to the standard of its 



JAMES RUSSELL LOWELL'S ORATION, 207 

contemporary colleges in England, so far as its pov- 
erty would allow. It seems to have enjoyed a certain 
fame abroad among men who sympathized with the 
theology it taught, — for I possess a Hebrew Acci- 
dence, dedicated some two hundred years ago to the 
"illustrious academy at Boston in New England," by 
a Dutch scholar whom I cannot help thinking a very 
discerning person. That the students of that day had 
access to a fairly good library may be inferred from 
Cotton Mather's *' Magnalia," though he knew not 
how to make the best use of it, and was a very night- 
mare of pedantry. That the college had made New 
England a good market for books is proved by John 
Dunton's journey hither in the interests of his trade. 
During the eighteenth and first quarter of the nine- 
teenth centuries, I fancy the condition of things here 
to have been very much what it was in the smaller 
English colleges of the period, if we may trust tlie 
verses which Gray addressed to the goddess Igno- 
rance. Young men who were willing mainly to teach 
themselves might get something to their advantage, 
while the rest were put here by their parents as into 
a comfortable quarantine, where they could wait till 
the gates of life were opened to them, safe from any 
contagion of learning, except such as might be devel- 
oped from previous infection. I am speaking of a 
great while ago. Men are apt, I know, in after life to 
lay the blame of their scholastic shortcomings at the 
door of their teachers. They are often wrong in this, 
and I am quite aware that there are some pupils who 
are knowledge-proof; but I gather from tradition, 



208 THE ALUMNI DAY. 

which I believe to be trustworthy, that there have 
been periods in the history of the college when the 
students might have sung with Bishop Golias, — 

Hi nos docent, sed indocti; 
Hi nos docent, et nox nocti 
Indicat scientiam. 

Despite all this, it is remarkable that the first two 
American imaginative artists, — Allston in painting, and 
Greenough in sculpture, — were graduates of Harvard. 
A later generation is justly proud of Story. 

We have a means of testing the general culture 
given here towards the middle of the last century in 
the Gratulatio presented by Harvard College on the 
accession of George III. It is not didler than such 
things usually are on the other side of the water, and 
it shows a pretty knack at tagging verses. It is note- 
worthy that the Greek in it, if I remember rightly, is 
wholly or chiefly Governor Bernard's. A few years 
earlier, some of the tracts in the Whitfield controversy 
prove that the writers had got here a thorough train- 
ing in English at least. They had certainly not read 
their Swift in vain. 

But the chief service, as it was the chief office, of 
the college during all those years was to maintain 
and hand down the traditions of how excellent a thing 
learning was, even if the teaching were not always 
adequate by way of illustration. And yet so far as 
that teaching went, it was wise in this, — that it gave 
its pupils some tincture of letters as distinguished 
from mere scholarship. It aimed to teach them the 
authors, — that is, the few great ones (the late Pro- 



JAMES RUSSELL LOWELL'S ORATION. 209 

fessor Popkin, whom the older of us remember, would 
have allowed that title only to the Greeks), — and to 
teach them in such a way as to enable the pupil to 
assimilate somewhat of their thought, sentiment, and 
style, rather than to master the minuter niceties of 
the language in which they wrote. It struck for their 
matter, as Montaigne advised, who would have men 
taught to love virtue instead of learning to decline 
virtus. It set more store by the marrow than by the 
bone that encased it. It made language, as it should 
be, a ladder to literature, and not literature a ladder 
to language. Many a boy has hated, and rightly 
hated. Homer and Horace the pedagogues and gram- 
marians, who would have loved Homer and Horace 
the poets had he been allowed to make their acquain- 
tance. The old method of instruction had the prime 
merit of enabling its pupils to conceive that there is 
neither ancient nor modern on the narrow shelves of 
what is truly literature. We owe a great debt to the 
Germans, — no one is more indebted to them than I ; 
but is there not danger of their misleading us in some 
directions into pedantry 1 In his preface to an Old 
French poem of the thirteenth century, lately pub- 
lished, the editor informs us soiTOwfully that he had 
the advantage of listening only two years and a half 
to the lectures of Professor Gaston Paris, in which 
time he got no further than through the first three 
vowels. At this rate, to master the whole alphabet, 
consonants and all, would be a task fitter for the cen- 
turial adolescence of Methuselah than for our less 
liberal ration of years. I was glad my editor had 

u 



210 THE ALUMNI DAY. 

had tliis advantage, and I am quite willing that Old 
French should get the benefit of such scrupulosity; 
but I think I see a tendency to train young men in 
the languages as if they were all to be editors, and 
not lovers of polite literature. Education, we are 
often told, is a drawing out of the faculties. May 
the)^ not be drawn out too thin? I am not under- 
valuing philology or accuracy of scholarship ; both 
are excellent and admirable in their places. But 
philology is less beautiful to me than philosoj^hy, as 
Milton understood the word ; and mere accuracy is to 
truth as a plaster-cast to the marble statue, — it gives 
the facts, but not their meaning. If I must choose, 
I had rather a young man should be intimate with 
the genius of the Greek dramatic poets than with the 
metres of their choruses, though I should be glad to 
have him on easy terms with both. 

For more than two hundred years, in its disci23line 
and courses of study, the college followed mainly the 
lines traced by its founders. The influence of its first 
half century did more than any other, perhaps more 
than all others, to make New England what it is. 
During the one hundred and forty years preceding 
our War of Independence it had supplied the schools 
of the greater part of New England with teachers. 
What was even more important, it had sent to every 
jjarish in Massachusetts one man, — the clergyman, — 
with a certain amount of scholarship, a belief in cul- 
ture, and generally pretty sure to bring with him or to 
gather a considerable collection of books, by no means 
wholly theological. Simple and godly men were they, 



JAMES RUSSELL LOWELL'S ORATION. 211 

tlie truest modern antitypes of Chaucer's Good Parson, 
receiving much, sometimes all, of their scanty salary 
in kind, and eking it out by the dmdgery of a cross- 
grained farm where the soil seems all backbone. If 
there was no regular practitioner, they practised with- 
out fee a grandmotherly sort of medicine, probably 
not much more harmful (0, dura messorimi ilia) than 
the heroic treatment of the day. They contrived to 
save enough to send their sons through college, to 
portion their daughters, — decently trained in English 
literature of the more serious kind, and perfect in the 
duties of household and dairy, — and to make modest 
provision for the widow, if they should leave one. 
With all this, they gave their two sermons every 
Sunday of the year, and of a measure that would 
seem ruinously liberal to these less stalwart days, 
when scarce ten parsons together could lift the stones 
of Diomed which they hurled at Satan with the easy 
precision of lifelong practice. And if they turned 
their barrel of discourses at the end of the Horatian 
ninth year, which of their parishioners was the wiser 
for it % Their one great holiday was Commencement, 
which they punctually attended. They shared the 
many toils and the rare festivals, the joys and the 
sorrows, of their townsmen as bone of their bone and 
flesh of their flesh, for all were of one blood and of 
one faith. They dwelt on the same brotherly level 
with them as men, yet set apart from and above them 
by their sacred office. Preaching the most terrible 
of doctrines, as most of them did, they were humane 
and cheerful men, and when they came down from 



212 THE ALUMNI DAY. 

the pulpit seemed to have been merely twisting their 
" cast-iron logic " of despair, as Coleridge said of 
Donne, "into true-love-knots." Men of authority, 
wise in counsel, independent (for their settlement was 
a life-tenm-e), they were living lessons of piety, indus- 
try, frugality, temperance, and, with the magistrates, 
were a recognized aristocracy. Surely never was an 
aristocracy so simple, so harmless, so exemplary, and 
so fit to rule. I remember a few lingering survivors 
of them in my early boyhood, relics of a serious but 
not sullen past, of a community for which in civic 
virtue, intelligence, and general efficacy I seek a 
parallel in vain: — ■ 

'' rusticorum mascula militum 
Proles . . . docta . . . 

Versare glebas et severse 
Matris ad arbitrium recisos 

Portare fustes." 

I know too well the deductions to be made. It was 
a community without charm, or with a homely charm 
at best, and the life it led was visited by no Muse 
even in dream. But it was the stuff out of which 
fortunate ancestors are made, and twenty-five years 
ago their sons showed in no diminished measure the 
qualities of the breed. In every household some 
brave boy was saying to his mother, as Iphigenia 
to hers, — 

Tlacri yap fx "EAAijcri KOivbv ctckcs ov^^i. (toI fiovrj. 

Nor were Harvard's sons the last. This hall com- 
memorates them, but their story is written in head- 
stones all over the land they saved. 



JAMES RUSSELL LOWELL'S ORATION. 213 

To the teaching and example of those reverend 
men whom Harvard bred and then planted in every 
hamlet as pioneers and outposts of her doctrine, 
Massachusetts owes the better part of her moral and 
intellectual inheritance. They, too, were the pro- 
genitors of a numerous and valid race. My friend 
Dr. Holmes was, I believe, the first to point out how 
large a proportion of our men of light and leading 
sprang from their loins. The illustrious Chief Mag- 
istrate of the Republic, who honors us with his pres- 
ence here to-day, has ancestors italicized in our 
printed registers, and has shown himself worthy of 
his pedigree. 

During the present century, I believe that Harvard 
received and welcomed the new learning from Ger- 
many at the hands of Everett, Bancroft, and Ticknor, 
before it had been accepted by the more conserva- 
tive universities of the Old Home. Everett's trans- 
lation of Buttmann's Greek Grammar was reprinted 
in England, with the ''Massachusetts" omitted after 
''Cambridge," at the end of the preface, to conceal 
its American origin. Emerson has told us how his 
intellectual life was quickened by the eloquent en- 
thusiasm of Everett's teaching. Mr. Bancroft made 
strenuous efforts to introduce a more wholesome dis- 
cipline and maturer methods of study, with tlie result 
of a rebellion of the Freshman Class, who issued a 
manifesto of their wrongs, written by the late Robert 
Rantoul, which ended thus : " Shall freemen bear 
this ■? Freshmen are freemen ! " They, too, remem- 
bered Revolutionary sires. Mr. Bancroft's translation 



214 THE ALUMNI DAY. 

of Heeren was the first of its kind, and it is worth 
mention that the earliest version from the prose of 
Henry Heine into Enghsh was made here, though 
not by a graduate of Harvard. Ticknor also strove 
earnestly to enlarge the scope of the collegiate courses 
of study. The force of the new impulse did not last 
long, or produce, unless indirectly, lasting results. 
It was premature ; the students were really school- 
boys, and the college was not yet capable of the 
larger university life. The conditions of American 
life, too, were such that young men looked upon 
scholarship neither as an end nor as a means, but 
simply as an accomjjlishment, like music or dancing, 
of which they were to acquire a little more or a little 
less (generally a little less), according to individual 
taste or circumstances. It has been mainly during 
the last twenty-five years that the college, having 
already the name but by no means all the resources 
of a university, has been trying to perform some at 
least of the functions which that title implies. 

" Now half appears 
The tawny lion, pawing to get free." 

Let us, then, no longer look backward, but for- 
ward, as our fathers did when they laid our humble 
foundations in the wilderness. The motto first pro- 
posed for the college arms was, as you know, Veritas, 
written across three open books. It was a noble one, 
and, if the full bearing of it was understood, as daring 
as it was noble. Perhaps it was discarded because an 
open book seemed hardly the fittest symbol for what 
is so hard to find, and, if ever we fancy we have found 



JAMES RUSSELL LOWELL'S ORATION. 215 

it, SO hard to deciplier and to translate into our own 
language and life. Pilate's question still nnirmurs in 
the ear of every thoug-htful, and Montaigne's in that 
of every honest, man. The motto finally substituted 
for that — Christo et Ecclesice — is, when rightly in- 
terpreted, substantially the same ; for it means that 
we are to devote ourselves to the highest concep- 
tion we have of truth and to the preaching of it. 
Fortunately, the Sphinx proposes her conundrums 
to us one at a time, and at intervals proportioned 
to our wits. 

Jose2:)h de Maistre says that " un homme d'esprit 
est tenu de savoir deux choses : 1°, ce qu'il est ; 2°, oii 
il est." The questions for us are. In what sense are 
we become a university "l And then, if we become so. 
What and to what end should a university aim to 
teach, now and here in this America of ours, whose 
meaning no man can yet comprehend! And when 
we have settled what it is best to teach, comes the 
further question. How are we to teach it? Whether 
with an eye to its effect on developing character or 
personal availability, — that is to say, to its effect in 
the conduct of life, — or on the chances of getting 
a livelihood? Perhaps we shall find that we must 
have a care for both, and I cannot see why the two 
need be incompatible ; but if they are, I should choose 
the former term of the alternative. 

In a not remote past, societ}^ had still certain recog- 
nized, authoritative guides, and the college trained 
them as the fashion of the day required. But 

" Damnosa quid non imininuit dies ? " 



216 THE ALUMNI DAY. 

That ancient close corporation of official guides lias 
been compelled to surrender its charter. We are pes- 
tered with as many volunteers as at Niagara, and as 
there, if we follow any of them, may count on paying 
for it pretty dearly. The office of the higher instruc- 
tion, nevertheless, continues to be as it always was, 
the training of such guides ; only it must now try to 
fit them out with as much more personal accomplish- 
ment and authority as may compensate the loss of 
hierarchical prestige. 

When President Walker, it must be now nearly 
thirty years ago, asked me in common with my col- 
leagues what my notion of a university was, I an- 
swered : " A university is a place where nothing useful 
is taught ; but a university is possible only where a 
man may get his livelihood by digging Sanscrit roots." 
What I meant was that the highest office of the some- 
what complex thing so named was to distribute the 
true "bread of life," — the jpane klegli angeli, as Dante 
called it, — and to breed an appetite for it ; but that it 
should also have the means and appliances for teach- 
ing everything, as the mediaeval universities aimed to 
do in their trivium and quadrivium. I had in mind 
the ideal and the practical sides of the institution, and 
was thinking also whether such an institution was 
practicable, and if so, whether it was desirable, in a 
country like this. I think it eminently desirable ; and 
if it be, what should be its chief function ? I choose 
rather to hesitate my opinion than to assert it roundly. 
But some opinion I am bound to have, either my own 
or another man's, if I would be in the fashion, though 



JAMES RUSSELL LOWELL'S ORATION. 217 

I may not be wholly satisfied witli the one or the 
other. Opinions are "as handy," to borrow our Yan- 
kee proverb, "as a pocket in a shirt," and, I may add, 
as hard to come at. I hope, then, that the day will 
come when a competent professor may lecture here 
also for three years on the first three vow^els of the 
Romance alphabet, and find fit audience, though few. 
I hope the day may never come when the weightier 
matters of a language, — namely, such parts of its lit- 
erature as have overcome death by i-eason of their 
wisdom and of the beauty in which it is incarnated ; 
such parts as are universal by reason of their civiliz- 
ing properties, their power to elevate and fortify the 
mind, — I hojoe the day may never come when these 
are not predominant in the teaching given here. Let 
the Humanities be maintained undiminished in their 
ancient right. Leave in their traditional pre-eminence 
those arts that were rightly called liberal ; those studies 
that kindle the imagination, and through it irradiate 
the reason ; those studies that manumitted the modern 
mind ; those in which the brains of finest temper have 
found alike their stimulus and their repose, taught by 
them that the power of intellect is heightened in pro- 
portion as it is made gracious by measure and sym- 
metry. Give us science, too ; but give first of all, and 
last of all, the science that ennobles life and makes it 
generous. I stand here as a man of letters, and as a 
man of letters I must speak. But I am speaking with 
no exclusive intention. No one believes more firmly 
than I in the usefulness, I might well say the neces- 
sity, of variety in study, and of opening the freest 



218 THE ALUMNI DAY. 

scope possible to tlie prevailing bent of every mind 
when that bent shows itself to be so predominating as 
to warrant it. Many-sidedness of ciiltnre makes our 
vision clearer and keener in particulars. For, after all, 
the noblest definition of science is that breadth and im- 
partiality of view which liberates the mind from speci- 
alties, and enables it to organize whatever we learn, 
so that it become real knowledge by being brought 
into true and helpful relation with the rest. 

By far the most important change that has been in- 
troduced into the theory and practice of our teaching 
here by the new position in which we find ourselves, 
has been that of the elective or voluntary system of 
studies. "We have justified om-selves by the familiar 
proverb that ''one man may lead a horse to water, but 
ten can't make him drink." Proverbs are excellent 
things, but we should not let even proverbs bully us. 
They are the wisdom of the understanding, not of the 
hisfher reason. There is another animal, which even 
Simonides could compliment only on the spindle-side 
of his pedigree, and which ten men could not lead to 
water, much less make him drink when they got him 
thither. Are we not trying to force university forms 
into college methods too narrow for them ! There is 
some danger that the elective system may be pushed 
too far and too fast. There are not a few who think 
that it has gone too far already. And they think so 
because we are in process of transformation, still in 
the hobbledeho}^ period, — not having ceased to be a 
college, nor yet having reached the full manhood of 
a university, so that we speak with that ambiguous 



JAMES RUSSELL LOWELL'S ORATION". 219 

voice, half bass, half treble, or mixed of both, which 
is proper to a certain stage of adolescence. We are 
trying to do two things with one tool, and that tool 
not specially adapted to either. Are our students old 
enough thoroughly to understand the import of the 
choice they are called on to make ; and if old enough, 
are they wise enough? Shall their parents make the 
choice for them 1 I am not sure that even parents are 
as wise as the unbroken experience and practice of 
mankind. We are comforted by being told that in 
this we are only complying with what is called the 
Spirit of the Age, — which may be, after all, only a 
finer name for the mischievous goblin known to our 
forefathers as Puck. I have seen several Spirits of the 
Age in my time, of very different voices and summon- 
ing in very different directions, but unanimous in their 
propensity to land us in the mire at last. Would it 
not be safer to make sure first wliether the Spirit of 
the Age — who would be a very insignificant fellow 
if w^e docked him of his capitals — be not a lying 
spirit, since such there are ? It is at least curious 
that while the more advanced teaching has a strong 
drift in the voluntary direction, the compulsory sys- 
tem, as respects primary studies, is gaining ground. 
Is it indeed so self-evident a proposition as it seems 
to many, that "You may" is as wholesome a les- 
son for youth as " You must " I Is it so good a 
fore-schooling for Life, which will be a teacher of 
quite other mood, making us learn, rod in hand, 
precisely those lessons we should not have chosen? 
I have, to be sure, heard the late President Quincy 



220 THE ALUMNI DAY. 

{clarum et venerahile nomen /) say that if a young man 
came liitlier and did nothing more than rub his shoul- 
ders against the college buildings for four years, he 
would imbibe some tincture of sound learning by an 
involuntary process of absorption. The founders of 
the college also believed in some impulsions towards 
science communicated a tergo, but of sharper virtue, 
and accordingly armed their president with that ductor 
duhitantium which was wielded to such good purpose 
by the Reverend James l^owyer at Christ's Hospital 
in the days of Coleridge and Lamb. They believed 
with the old poet that whipping was '' a wild benefit 
of nature," and could thc}^ have read Wordsworth's 
exquisite stanza, — 

" One impulse from a vernal wood 
Can teach us more of man, 
Of moral evil and of good, 
Than aU the sages can," — 

they would have struck out ** vernal" and inserted 
" birchen " on the margin. 

I am not, of course, arguing in favor of a return to 
those vapulatory methods ; but the birch, like many 
other things that have passed out of the region of the 
practical, may have another term of usefulness as a 
symbol after it has ceased to be a reality. 

One is sometimes tempted to think that all learning 
is as repulsive to ingenuous youth as the multiplica- 
tion table to Scott's little friend Marjorie Fleming, 
though this be due in great part to mechanical methods 
of teaching. '^ I am now going to tell you," she 
writes, '' the horrible and wretched plaege that my 
multiplication table gives me ; you can't conceive it. 



JAMES RUSSELL LOWELL'S ORATION. 221 

The most Devilish thing is 8 times 8 and 7 times 7 ; it 
is wliat nature itself can't endure." I know that I am 
approaching- treacherous ashes which cover burning 
coals, but I must on. Is not Greek, nay, even Latin, 
yet more unendurable than poor Marjorie's task? 
How many boys have not sympathized with Heine 
in hating the Romans because they invented Latin 
grammar I And they were quite right ; for we begin 
the study of languages at the wrong end, at the end 
which Nature does not offer us, and are thoroughly 
tired of them before we arrive at them, if you will 
pardon the bull. But is that any reason for not 
studying them in tlie right way 1 I am familiar with 
the arguments for making the study of Greek espe- 
cially a matter of choice or chance ; I admit their 
plausibility and the honesty of those who urge them. 
I should be willing also to admit that the study of the 
ancient languages without the hope or the prospect of 
going on to what they contain would be useful only 
as a form of intellectual gymnastics. Even so they 
would be as serviceable as the higher mathematics to 
most of us. But I think that a wise teacher should 
adapt his tasks to the highest, and not the lowest, 
capacities of the taught. For those lower also they 
would not be wholly without profit. When there is 
a tedious sermon, says George Herbert, — 

" God takes a text and teacheth patience," — 

not the least pregnant of lessons. One of the argu- 
ments against the compulsory study of Greek, — 
namely, that it is wiser to give our time to modern 
languages and modern history than to dead languages 



222 THE ALUMNI DAY. 

and ancient history, — involves, I think, a verbal fal- 
lacy. Only those languages can properly be called 
dead in which nothing living has been written. If the 
classic languages are dead, they yet sjoeak to us, and 
with a clearer voice than that of any living tongue. 

" Graiis ingenium, Graiis dedit ore rotundo 
Musa loqui, prseter laudem nullius avaris." 

If their language is dead, yet the literature it en- 
shrines is rammed with life as perhaps no other writ- 
ing, excej^t Shakespeare's, ever was or will be. It is 
as contemporary with to-day as with tlie ears it first 
enraptured ; for it appeals not to the man of then or 
now, but to the entire round of human nature itself. 
Men are ephemeral or evanescent, but whatever page 
the authentic soul of man has touched with her im- 
mortalizing finger, no matter how long ago, is still 
3'oung and fair as it was to the world's gray fathers. 
Oblivion looks in the face of the Grecian Muse only 
to forget her errand. Plato and Aristotle are not 
names, but things. On a chart that should represent 
the firm earth and wavering oceans of the human 
mind, they would be marked as mountain ranges, 
forever modifying the temperature, the currents, and 
the atmosphere of thought, — astronomical stations 
whence the movements of the lamps of heaven might 
best be observed and predicted. Even for the mas- 
tering of our own tongue, there is no expedient so 
fruitful as translation out of another ; how much more 
when that other is a language at once so precise and 
so flexible as the Greek ! Greek literature is also the 
most fruitful comment on our own. Coleridge has 



JAMES RUSSELL LOWELL'S ORATION. 223 

told US with what profit he was made to study Shake- 
speare and Milton in conjunction with the Greek dra- 
matists. It is no sentimental argument for this study- 
that the most justly balanced, the most serene, and 
the most fecundating minds since the revival of learn- 
ing have been steeped in and saturated with Greek 
literature. We know not whither other studies will 
lead us, especially if dissociated from this ; w^e do 
know to what summits, far above our lower region of 
turmoil, this has led, and what the many-sided out- 
look thence. Will such studies make anachronisms of 
us, imfit us for the duties and the business of to-day 1 
I can recall no writer more truly modern than Mon- 
taigne, who was almost more at home in Athens and 
Rome than in Paris. Yet he was a thrifty manager of 
his estate, and a most competent mayor of Bordeaux. 
I remember passing once in London where demolition 
for a new thoroughfare was going on. Many houses 
left standing in the rear of those cleared away bore 
signs with the inscription, '' Ancient Lights." This was 
the protest of their owners against being built out by 
the new improvements from such glimpse of heaven 
as their fathers had, without adequate equivalent. I 
laid the moral to heart. 

I am S2)eaking of the college as it has always ex- 
isted and still exists. In so far as it may be driven to 
put on the forms of the university, — I do not mean 
the four Faculties merely, but in the modem sense, 
— we shall naturally find ourselves compelled to as- 
sume the method w^ith the function. Some day we 
shall offer here a chance, at least, to acquire the omne 



224 THE ALUMNI DAY. 

scibile. I shall be glad, as shall we all, when the 
young- American need no longer go abroad for an}'- 
part of his training, — though that may not be always 
a disadvantage, if Shakespeare was right in thinking 
that 

" Home-keepiug youths have ever homely ■wits." 

I should be still gladder if Harvard might be the 
place that offered the alternative. It seems more than 
ever probable that this will happen, and happen in our 
day. And whenever it does happen, it will be due, 
more than to any and all others, to the able, energetic, 
single-minded, and yet fair-minded man who has pre- 
sided over the college during the trying period of 
transition, and who will by a rare combination of emi- 
nent qualities carry that transition forward to its ac- 
complishment without haste and without jar, — oJine 
Hast, oJme Bast He more than any of his distin- 
guished predecessors has brought the University into 
closer and more telling relations with the national life, 
in whatever that life has which is most distinctive and 
most hopeful. 

But we still mainly occupy the position of a German 
gymnasium. Under existing circumstances, therefore, 
and with the methods of teaching they enforce, I think 
that special and advanced courses should be pushed 
on, so far as possible, as the other professional courses 
are, into the post-graduate period. The opportunity 
would be greater because the number would be less, 
and the teaching not only more thorough but more 
vivifying, through the more intimate relation of teacher 
and pupil. Under those conditions the voluntary sys- 



JAMES RUSSELL LOWELL'S ORATION. 225 

tern will not only be possible, but will come of itself; 
for every student will know what lie wants and where 
he may get it, and learning will be loved, as it should 
be, for its own sake as well as for what it gives. The 
friends of university training can do nothing that 
would forward it more than the founding of post- 
graduate fellowships and the building and endowing 
of a hall where the holders of them might be com- 
mensals, — remembering that when Cardinal Wolsey 
built Christ Church at Oxford his first care was the 
kitchen. Nothing is so great a quickener of the fac- 
ulties, or so likely to prevent their being narrowed to 
a single groove, as the frequent social commingling 
of men who are aiming at one goal by different paths. 
If you would have really great scholars, and our life 
offers no prizes for such, it would be well if the 
University could offer them. I have often been struck 
with the many-sided versatility of the Fellows of Eng- 
lish colleges who have kept their wits in training by 
continual fence one with another. 

During the first two centuries of her existence, it 
may be affirmed that Harvard did sufficiently well 
the only work she was called on to do, perhaps the 
only work it was possible for her to do. She gave to 
Boston her scholarly impress, to the Commonwealth 
her scholastic impulse. To the clergy of her train- 
ing was mainly intrusted the oversight of the public 
schools ; these were, as T have said, though indirectly, 
feeders of the college, for their teaching was of the 
plainest. But if a boy in any country village showed 
uncommon parts, the clergyman was sure to hear of 

15 



226 THE ALUMNI DAY. 

it. He and the squire and the doctor, if there was 
one, talked it over, and that boy was sure to be helped 
onward to college ; for next to the five points of Cal- 
vinism our ancestors believed in a college education, — 
that is, in the best education that was to be had. The 
system, if system it should be called, was a good one, 
a practical application of the doctrine of natural selec- 
tion. Ah ! how the parents — nay, the whole family 
— moiled and pinched that their boy might have the 
chance denied to them ! Mr. Matthew Arnold has told 
us that in contemporary France, which seems doomed 
to tr}^ every theory of enlightenment by which the 
fingers may be burned or the house set on fire, the 
children of the public schools are taught in answer to 
the question, "Who gives you all these fine things?" 
to say, " The State." Ill fares the State in which the 
parental image is replaced by an abstraction. The 
answer of the boy of whom I have been speaking 
would have been in a spirit better for the State and 
for the hope of his own future life: "I owe them, 
under God, to my own industry, to the sacrifices of 
my father and mother, and to the sympathy of good 
men." Nor was the boy's self-respect lessened, for the 
aid was given by loans, to be repaid when possible. 
The times have changed, and it is no longer the am- 
bition of a promising boy to go to college. They are 
taught to think that a common-school education is good 
enough for all practical purposes. And so perhaps it 
is, but not for all ideal pm'poses. Our public schools 
teach too little or too much : too little if education is 
to go no further, too many things if what is taught is 



JAMES RUSSELL LOWELL'S ORATION. 227 

to be taught thorouglily ; and the more they seem to 
teach, the less likely is education to go further, for it 
is one of the prime weaknesses of a democracy to be 
satisfied with the second-best if it appear to answer the 
purpose tolerably well, and to be cheaper, — as it never 
is in the long run. 

Our ancestors believed in education, but not in 
making it wholly eleemosynary. And they were wise 
in this, for men do not value what they get for noth- 
ing, any more than they value air and light till de- 
prived of them. It is quite proper that the cost of our 
public schools should be paid by the rich, for it is their 
interest, as Lord Sherbrooke said, " to educate their 
rulers'." But it is to make paupers of the pupils to 
furnish them, as is now proposed, with text-books, 
slates, and the like at public cost. This is an advance 
towards that State Socialism which, if it ever prevail, 
will be deadly to certain homespun virtues far more 
precious than most of the book-knowledge in the 
world. It is to be hoped that our higher institutions 
of learning may again be brought to bear, as once 
they did, more directly on the lower, that they may 
again come into such closer and graduated relation 
with them as may make the higher education the goal 
to which all who show a clear aptitude shall aspire. 
I know that we cannot have ideal teachers in our 
public schools for the price we pay, or in the numbers 
we require. But teaching, like water, can rise no 
higher than its source ; and, like water again, it has a 
lazy aptitude for running down-hill unless a constant 
impulse be applied in the other direction. Would not 



228 THE ALUMNI DAY. 

tliis impulse be furnislied by the ambition to send on 
as many pupils as possible to the wider sphere of the 
University? Would not this organic relation to the 
higher education necessitate a corresponding rise in 
the grade of intelligence, capacity, and culture de- 
manded in the teachers? 

Harvard has done much by raising its standard to 
force upwards that also of the preparatory schools. 
The leaven thus infused will, let us hope, filter grad- 
ually downwards till it raise a ferment in the lower 
grades as well. What we need more than anything 
else is to increase the number of our highly cultivated 
men and thoroughly trained minds ; for these, wher- 
ever they go, are sure to carry with them, consciously 
or not, the seeds of sounder thinking and of higher 
ideals. The only way in which our civilization can be 
maintained even at the level it has reached, — the only 
way in which that level can be made more general 
and be raised higher, — is by bringing the influence 
of the more cultivated to bear with greater energy 
and directness on the less cultivated, and by opening 
more inlets to those indirect influences which make 
for refinement of mind and body. Democracy must 
show its capacity for producing, not a higher average 
man, but the highest possible types of manhood in all 
its manifold varieties, or it is a failure. No matter 
what it does for the body, if it do not in some sort 
satisfy that inextinguishable passion of the soul for 
something that lifts life away from prose, from the 
common and the vulgar, it is a failure. Unless it 
know how to make itself gracious and winning, it is a 



JAMES RUSSELL LOWELL'S ORATION. 229 

failure. Has it done this ? Is it doing this, — or try- 
ing to do it ? Not yet, I think, if one may judge by 
that commonplace of our newspapers, that an American 
who stays long enough in Europe is sure to find his 
own country unendurable when he comes back. This 
is not true, if I may judge from some little experience; 
but it is interesting as implying a certain conscious- 
ness, which is of the most hopeful augury. But we 
must not be impatient ; it is a far cry from the dwel- 
lers in caves to even such civilization as we have 
achieved. I am conscious that life has been trying 
to civilize me for now nearly seventy years, with what 
seem to me very inadequate results. We cannot afford 
to wait, but the Race can. And when I speak of civ- 
ilization I mean those things that tend to develop the 
moral forces of Man, and not merely to quicken his 
aesthetic sensibility, — though there is often a nearer 
relation between the two than is popularly believed. 

The tendency of a prosperous Democracy — and 
hitherto we have had little to do but prosper — is 
towards an overweening confidence in itself and its 
home-made methods, an overestimate of material suc- 
cess, and a corresponding indifference to the things of 
the mind. The popular ideal of success seems to be, 
more than ever before, the accumulation of riches. I 
say " seems," for it may be only because the oppor- 
tunities are greater. I am not ignorant that wealth 
is the great fertilizer of civilization, and of the arts 
that beautify it. The very names of *^ civilization " 
and "urbanity" show that the refinement of manners 
which made the arts possible is the birth of cities 



230 THE ALUMNI DAY. 

where wealth earliest accumulated because it found it- 
self secure. Wealth may be an excellent thing, for it 
means power, it means leisure, it means liberty. 

But these, divorced from culture, — that is, from 
intelligent purpose, — become the very mockery of 
their own essence ; not goods, but evils fatal to their 
possessor, and bring with them, like the Nibelungen 
Hoard, a doom instead of a blessing. A man rich only 
for himself, has a life as barren and cheerless as that of 
the serpent set to guard a buried treasure. I am sad- 
dened when I see our success as a nation measured by 
the number of acres under tillage, or of bushels of 
wheat exported ; for the real value of a country must 
be weighed in scales more delicate than the '' balance 
of trade." The garners of Sicily are empty now, but 
the bees from all cliuies still fetch honey from the tiny 
garden-plot of Theocritus. On a map of the world 
you may hide Judea with your thumb, Athens with 
a finger-tip, and neither of them figures in the ''prices 
current ; " but they still lord it in the thought and 
action of every civilized man. Did not Dante cover 
with his hood all that was Italy six hundi'ed years 
ago ? And if we go back a century, where was Ger- 
many outside of Weimar 1 Material success is good, 
but only as the necessary preliminary of better things. 
The measure of a nation's true success is the amount 
it has contributed to the thought, the moral energy, 
the intellectual happiness, the spiritual hope and con- 
solation, of mankind. There is no other, let our 
candidates flatter us as they may. We still make a 
confusion between huge and great. I know that I am 



JAMES RUSSELL LOWELL'S ORATION. 231 

repeating truisms, but they are truisms that need to be 
repeated in season and out of season. 

The most precious property of Culture, and of a 
college as its trustee, is to maintain higher ideals of 
life and its purpose ; to keep trimmed and burning the 
lamps of that pharos, built by wiser than we, which 
warns from the reefs and shallows of popular doctrine. 
In proportion as there are more thoroughly cultivated 
persons in a community will the finer uses of pros- 
perity be taught and the vulgar uses of it become 
disreputable. And it is such persons that we are 
commissioned to send out, with such consciousness of 
their fortunate vocation and such devotion to it as we 
may. We are confronted with unexampled problems. 
First of all is democracy, and that under conditions in 
great part novel ; with its hitherto imperfectly tabulated 
results, whether we consider its effect upon national 
character, on popular thought, or on the functions of 
law and government. We have to deal with a time 
when the belief seems to be spreading, that truth not 
only can but should be settled by a show of hands 
rather than by a count of heads, and that one man is 
as good as another for all purposes, — as, indeed, he 
is till a real man is needed; with a time when the 
Press is more potent for good or for evil than ever any 
human agency was before, and yet is controlled more 
than ever before by its interests as a business rather 
than by its sense of duty as a teacher, and must pur- 
vey news instead of intelligence ; with a time when 
divers and strange doctrines touching the greatest 
human interests are allowed to run about unmuzzled 



232 THE ALUMNI DAY. 

in greater number and variety than ever before since 
the Reformation passed into its stage of putrefactive 
fermentation ; with a time when the idols of the 
market-place are more devoutly worshipped than ever 
Diana of the Ephesians was ; when the guilds of the 
Middle Ages are revived among us with the avowed 
purpose of renewing, by the misuse of universal suf- 
frage, the class-legislation to escape which we left the 
Old World; when the electric telegraph, by making 
public opinion simultaneous, is also making it liable 
to those delusions, panics, and gregarious impulses 
which transform otherwise reasonable men into a mob ; 
and when, above all, the better mind of the country 
is said to be growing more and more alienated from 
the highest of all sciences and services, — the govern- 
ment of it. I have drawn up a dreary catalogue, and 
the moral it points is this : that the college, in so far 
as it continues to be still a college, as in great part it 
does and must, is and should be limited by certain 
pre-existing conditions, and must consider first what 
the more general objects of education are, without 
neglecting special aptitudes more than can be helped. 
That more general purpose is, I take it, to set free, to 
supple, and to train the faculties in such w^ise as shall 
make them most eifective for whatever task life may 
afterwards set them, for the duties of life rather than 
for its business, and to open windows on every side of 
the mind where thickness of wall does not make it 
impossible. 

Let our aim be, as hitherto, to give a good all-round 
education fitted to cope with as many exigencies of 



JAMES RUSSELL LOWELL'S ORATION. 233 

tlie day as possible. I had rather the college should 
turn out one of Aristotle's four-square men, capable 
of holding his own in whatever field he may be cast, 
than a score of lop-sided ones developed abnormally in 
one direction. Our scheme should be adapted to the 
wants of the majority of under-graduates, to the ob- 
jects that drew them hither, and to such training as 
will make the most of them after they come. Special 
aptitudes are sure to take care of themselves, but the 
latent possibilities of the average mind can be discov- 
ered only by experiment in many directions. When 
I speak of the average mind, I do not mean that the 
courses of study should be adapted to the average 
level of intelligence, but to the highest ; for in these 
matters it is w^iser to grade upward than downward, 
since the best is the only thing that is good enough. 
To keep the wing-footed down to the pace of the 
leaden-soled, disheartens the one without in the least 
encouraging the other. " Brains," says Machiavelli, 
'* are of three generations, — those that understand of 
themselves, those that understand when another shows 
them, and those that understand neither of themselves 
nor by the showing of others." It is the first class 
that should set the stint ; the second will get on better 
than if they had set it themselves ; and the third will 
at least have the pleasure of watching the others show 
their paces. 

In the college proper, I repeat, — for it is the birth- 
day of the college that we are celebrating, it is the col- 
lege that we love and of which we are proud, — let it 
continue to give such a training as will fit the rich to 



234 THE ALUMNI DAY. 

be trusted with riches, and tlie poor to withstand the 
temptations of poverty. Give to history, give to poht- 
ical economy, that ample verge the times demand, but 
with no detriment to those hberal arts which have 
formed open-minded men and good citizens in tlie 
past, nor have lost the skill to form them. Let it be 
our hope to make a gentleman of every youth who is 
put under our charge ; not a conventional gentleman, 
but a man of culture, a man of intellectual resource, 
a man of public spirit, a man of refinement, with that 
good taste which is the conscience of the mind, and 
that conscience which is the good taste of the soul. 
This we have tried to do in the past ; this let us try to 
do in the future. We cannot do this for all, at best, — 
perhaps only for the few ; but the influence for good 
of a highly trained intelligence and a harmoniously 
developed character is incalculable ; for though it be 
subtile and gradual in its operation, it is as pervasive 
as it is subtile. There may be few of these, there must 
be few ; but 

" That few is all the world which with a few 
Doth ever live and move and work and stirre." 

If these few can best be winnowed from the rest by 
the elective system of studies ; if the drift of our col- 
leges towards that system be general and involun- 
tary, showing a demand for it in the conditions of 
American life, — then I should wish to see it unfalter- 
ingly carried through. I am sure that the matter 
will be handled wisely and with all forethought by 
those most intimately concerned in the government 
of the college. 



JAMES RUSSELL LOWELL'S ORATION. 235 

They who on a tiny clearing pared from the edo-e 
of the woods built here (as their Anglo-Saxon ances- 
tors built their first churches), most probably with the 
timber hewed from the trees they felled, our earliest 
hall, — with the solitude of ocean behind them, the 
mystery of forest before them, and all about them a 
desolation, — must surely {si quis animis celesfihis locus) 
share our gladness and our gratitude at the splendid 
fulfilment of their vision. If we could but have pre- 
served the humble roof which housed so great a future, 
Mr. Ruskin himself would almost have admitted that 
no castle or cathedral was ever richer in sacred associa- 
tions, in pathos of the past, and in moral significance. 
They who reared it had the sublime prescience of that 
courage which fears only God, and could say confi- 
dently in the face of all discouragement and doubt, 
"He hath led me forth into a large place ; because He 
delighted in me, He hath delivered me." We cannot 
honor them too much ; we can repay them only by 
showing, as occasions rise, that we do not undervalue 
the worth of their example. 

Brethren of tlie Alumni, it now becomes my duty 
to welcome in your name the guests who have come, 
some of them so far, to share our congratulations and 
hopes to-day. I cannot name them all and give to 
each his fitting phrase. Thrice welcome to them all, — 
and, as is fitting, first to those from abroad, representa- 
tives of illustrious seats of learning that were old in 
usefulness and fame when ours was in its cradle ; and 
next to those of our own land, from colleges and uni- 



236 THE ALUMNI DAY. 

versities wliicli if not daughters of Harvard are young 
enough to be so, and are one with her in heart and 
hope. I said that I could not name them all, but I 
should not represent you fitly if I gave no special 
greeting to the gentleman who brings the message 
of John Harvard's college, Emmanuel. The wel- 
come we give him could not be warmer than that 
which we offer to his colleagues ; but we cannot help 
feeling that in pressing his hand our own instinctively 
closes a little more tightly, as with a sense of nearer 
kindred. 

There is also one other name of which it would be 
indecorous not to make an exception. You all know 
that I can mean only the President of our Eepublic. 
His presence is a signal honor to us all, and to us all 
I may say a personal gratification. We have no poli- 
tics here ; but the sons of Harvard all belong to the 
party which admires courage, strength of purpose, and 
fidelity to duty, and which respects, wherever he may 
be found, the 

'' Justum ac tenacem propositi virum," 

who knows how to withstand the 

" Civium ardor prava jubentium." 

He has left the helm of state to be with us here, and 
so long as it is intrusted to his hands we are sure that, 
should the storm come, he will say with Seneca's 
Pilot, " Neptune ! you may save me if you ^ill ; 
you may sink me if you will ; but whatever happen, 
I shall keep my rudder true ! " 



OLIVER WENDELL HOLMES'S POEM. 237 

POEM. 

BY OLIVER WENDELL HOLMES, 

Professor Emeritus in the University. 

Twice had the mellowing sun of autumn crowned 

The hundredth circle of his yearly round, 

When, as we meet to-day, our fathers met : 

That joyous gathering who can e'er forget, 

V^hen Harvard's nurslings, scattered far and wide, 

Through mart and village, lake's and ocean's side, 

Came, with one impulse, one fraternal throng, 

And crowned the hours with banquet, speech, and song ? 

Once more revived in fancy's magic glass, 

I see in state the long procession pass : 

Tall, courtly, leader as by right divine, 

V^inthrop, — our Winthrop, — rules the marshalled line. 

Still seen in front, as on that far-off day 

His ribboned baton showed the column's way. 

Not all are gone who marched in manly pride 

And waved their truncheons at their leader's side : 

Gray, Lowell, Dixwell, who his empire shared. 

These to be with us envious Time has spared. 

Few are the faces, so familiar then. 
Our eyes still meet amid the haunts of men ; 
Scarce one of all the living gathered there. 
Whose unthinned locks betrayed a silver hair, 
Greets us to-day ; and yet we seem the same 
As our own sires and grandsires, save in name. 

There are the patriarchs, looking vaguely round 

For classmates' faces, hardly known if found : 

See the cold brow that rules the busy mart ; 

Close at its side the pallid son of art. 

Whose purchased skill witTi borrowed meaning clothes. 

And stolen hues, the smirking face he loathes. 

Here is the patient scholar ; in his looks 



238 THE ALUMNI DAY, 

You read the titles of his learned books ; 

What classic lore those spidery crow's-feet speak ! 

What problems figure on that wrinkled cheek ! 

For never thought but left its stiffened trace, 

Its fossil foot-print, on the plastic face, 

As the swift record of a raindrop stands, 

Fixed on the tablet of the hardening sands. 

On every face as on the written page 

Each year renews the autograph of age ; 

One trait alone may wasting years defy, — 

The fire still lingering in the poet's eye ; 

While Hope, the siren, sings her sweetest strain, — 

Non ovinis moriar is its proud refrain. 

Sadly we gaze upon the vacant chair ; 
He who should claim its honors is not there, — 
Otis, whose lips the listening crowd enthrall 
That press and pack the floor of Boston's hall. 
But Kirkland smiles, released from toil and care 
Since the silk mantle younger shoulders wear, — 
Quincy's, whose spirit breathes the self-same fire 
That filled the bosom of his youthful sire. 
Who for the altar bore the kindled torch 
To freedom's temple, dying in its porch. 

Three grave professions in their sons appear. 
Whose words well studied all well pleased will hear: 
Palfrey, ordained in varied walks to shine, 
Statesman, historian, critic, and divine ; 
Solid and square behold majestic Shaw, 
A mass of wisdom and a mine of law ; 
Warren, whose arm the doughtiest warriors fear. 
Asks of the startled crowd to lend its ear ; 
Proud of his calling, him the world loves best, 
Not as the coming, but the parting guest. 

Look on that form, — with eye dilating scan 
The stately mould of Nature's kingliest man ! 
Tower-like he stands in life's un faded prime ; 
Ask you his name ? None asks a second time ! 
He from the land his outward semblance takes, 



OLIVER WENDELL HOLMES'S POEM. 239 

Where storm-swept mountains watch o'er slumbering lakes : 

See in the impress which the body wears 

How its imperial might the soul declares, — 

The forehead's large expansion, lofty, wide, 

That locks unsilvered vainly strive to hide ; 

The lines of thought that plough the sober cheek, 

Lips that betray their wisdom ere they speak 

In tones like answers from Dodona's grove ; 

An eye like Juno's when she frowns on Jove : 

I look and wonder ; will he be content, — 

This man, this monarch, for the purple meant, — 

The meaner duties of his tribe to share, 

Clad in the garb that common mortals wear ? 

Ah, wild Ambition, spread thy restless wings, 

Beneath whose plumes the hidden oestrum stings ; 

Thou whose bold flight would leave earth's vulgar crowds, 

And like the eagle soar above the clouds, 

What pang like thine can striving mortals know 

When the red lightning strikes thee from below ? 

Less bronze, more silver, mingles in the mould 

Of him whom next my roving eyes behold ; 

His, more the scholar's than the statesman's face, 

Proclaims him born of academic race. 

Weary his look, as if an aching brain 

Left on his brow the frozen prints of pain ; 

His voice far-reaching, grave, sonorous, owns 

A shade of sadness in its plaintive tones. 

Yet when its breath some loftier thought inspires, 

Glows with a heat that every bosom fires. 

Such Everett seems ; no chance-sown wild-flower knows 

The full-blown charms of culture's double rose : 

Alas, how soon, by death's unsparing frost, 

Its bloom is faded and its fragrance lost ! 

Two voices, only two, to earth belong 
Of all whose accents met the listening throng : 
Winthrop, alike for speech and guidance framed, 
On that proud day a two-fold duty claimed. 
One other yet, — remembered or forgot, — 



240 THE ALUMNI DAY. 

He stands before you, — so I name him not. 
Can I believe it ? I, whose youthful voice 
Claimed a brief gamut, — notes not over choice, — 
Stood undismayed before that solemn throng. 
And propria voce sung the saucy song 
Which even in memory turns my soul aghast, — 
Felix audacia was the verdict cast. 

What were the glory of those festal days 
Shorn of their grand illumination's blaze ? 
Night comes at last with all her starry train 
To find a light in every glittering pane. 
From " Harvard's " windows see the sudden flash, 
Old " Massachusetts " glares through every sash. 
From wall to wall the kindling splendors run 
Till all is glorious as the noonday sun. 

How to the scholar's mind each object brings 
What some historian tells, some poet sings ! 
The good gray teacher whom we all revered. 
Loved, honored, laughed at, and by freshmen feared, 
As from old " Harvard " where its light began 
From hall to hall the clustering splendors ran, 
Took down his well-worn ^schylus and read, 
Lit by the rays a thousand tapers shed. 
How the swift herald crossed the leagues between 
Mycenae's monarch and his faithless queen ; 
And thus he read, — my verse but ill displays 
The Attic picture, clad in modern phrase : — 

On IdcHs summit flames the kindling pile, 
And LeTnnos answers from his rocky isle ; 
From Athos next it climbs the reddening skies, 
Thence where the watch-toivers of Macistus rise. 
The sentries of Mesapius in their turn 
Bid the dry heath in high-piled masses burn, 
Cithmron's crag the crimsoned smoke- wreaths stain, 
Far ^giplanctus joins the fiery train. 
Thus the swift courier through the pathless night 
Has gained at length the Arachnoian height. 
Whence the glad tidings, borne on wings of flame, 
" Ilium has fallen I " reach the royal dame. 



OLIVER WENDELL HOLMES'S POEM. 241 

So ends the day ; before the midnight stroke 
The lights expiring cloud the air with smoke ; 
While these the toil of younger hands employ, 
The slumbering Grecian dreams of smouldering Troy. 



As to that hour with backward steps I turn, 
Midway I pause ; behold a funeral urn ! 
Ah, sad memorial ! known but all too well 
The tale which thus its golden letters tell : — 



This dust, once hreathing, changed its joyous life 
For toil and hunger, wounds and mortal strife ; 
Love, friendship, learning'' s all-prevailing charms. 
For the cold bivouac and the clash of arms. 
The caicse of freedom won, a race enslaved 
Called back to manhood, and a nation saved, 
These sons of Harvard falling ere their prime 
Leave their proud memory to the coming time. 

While in their still retreats our scholars turn 
The mildewed pages of the past, to learn 
With endless labor of the sleepless brain 
What once has been and ne'er shall be again, 
We reap the harvest of their ceaseless toil 
And find a fragrance in their midnight oil. 
But let a purblind mortal dare the task 
The embryo future of itself to ask, 
The world reminds him, with a scornful laugh, 
That times have changed since Prospero broke his staff. 
Could all the wisdom of the schools foretell 
The dismal hour when Lisbon shook and fell. 
Or name the shuddering night that toppled down 
Our sister's pride, beneath whose mural crown 
Scarce had the scowl forgot its angry lines, 
When earth's blind prisoners fired their fatal mines ? 
New realms, new worlds, exulting Science claims, 
Still the dim future unexplored remains ; 
Her trembling scales the far-off planet weigh, 

16 



242 THE ALUMNI DAY. 

Her torturing prisms its elements betray ; 
We know what ores the fires of Sirius melt, 
What vaporous metals gild Orion's belt, — 
Angels, archangels, may have yet to learn 
Those hidden truths our heaven-taught eyes discern, 
Yet vain is Knowledge, with her mystic wand, 
To pierce the cloudy screen and read beyond ; 
Once to the silent stars the fates were known, 
To us they tell no secrets but their own. 

At Israel's altar still we humbly bow. 
But where, oh where, are Israel's Prophets now ? 
Where is the Sibyl with her hoarded leaves ? 
Where is the charm the weird enchantress weaves ? 
No croaking raven turns the auspex pale. 
No reeking altars tell the morrow's tale ; 
The measured footsteps of the Fates are dumb, 
Unseen, unheard, unheralded, they come, — 
Prophet and priest and all their following fail. 
Who then is left to rend the future's veil ? 
Who but the Poet, he whose nicer sense 
No film can baffle with its slight defence. 
Whose finer vision marks the waves that stray, 
Felt, but unseen, beyond the violet ray ; 
Who, while the storm-wind waits its darkening shroud, 
Foretells the tempest ere he sees the cloud. 
Stays not for time his secrets to reveal, 
But reads his message ere he breaks the seal ? 
So Mantua's bard foretold the coming day 
Ere Bethlehem's infant in the manger lay ; 
The promise trusted to a mortal tongue 
Found listening ears before the angels sung. 
So while his load the creeping pack-horse galled. 
While inch by inch the dull canal-boat crawled, 
Darwin beheld a Titan form " afar 
Drag the slow barge or drive the rapid car ; " 
That panting giant fed by air and flame, 
The mightiest forges task their strength to tame, 
Snatched from the grasp of heaven's reluctant sire 
As first Prometheus stole its parent fire. 



OLIVER WENDELL HOLMES'S POEM. 243 

Happy the Poet ! liim no tyrant fact 
Holds in its clutches to be chained and racked ; 
Him shall no mouldy document convict, 
No stern statistics gravely contradict ; 
No rival sceptre threats his airy throne, — 
He rules o'er shadows, but he reigns alone. 

Shall I the Poet's broad dominion claim 
Because you bid me wear his sacred name 
For these few moments ? Shall I boldly clash 
My flint and steel, and by the sudden flash 
Eead the fair vision which my soul descries 
Through the wide pupils of its wondering eyes ? 
List then awhile : the fifty years have sped, 
The third full century's opened scroll is spread, 
Blank to all eyes save his who dimly sees 
The shadowy future told in words like these : 

How strange the prospect to my sight appears, 

Changed by the busy hands of fifty years ! 

Full well I know our ocean-salted Charles, 

Filling and emptying through the sands and marls 

That wall his restless stream on either bank. 

Not all unlovely when the sedges rank 

Lend their coarse veil the sable ooze to hide 

That bares its blackness with the ebbing tide. 

In other shapes to my illumined eyes 

Those ragged margins of our stream arise : 

Through walls of stone the sparkling waters flow, 

In clearer depths the golden sunsets glow. 

On purer waves the lamps of midnight gleam. 

That silver o'er the unpolluted stream. 

Along his shores what stately temples rise. 

What spires, what turrets, print the shadowed skies ! 

Our smiling Mother sees her broad domain 

Spread its tall roofs along the western plain ; 

Those blazoned windows' blushing glories tell 

Of grateful hearts that loved her long and well ; 

Yon gilded dome that glitters in the sun 

Was Dives' gift, — alas, his only one ! 



244 THE ALUMNI DAY. 

These buttressed walls enshrine a banker's name, 
That hallowed chapel hides a miser's shame ; 
Their wealth they left, — their memory cannot fade 
Though age shall crumble every stone they laid. 

Great lord of millions, — let me call thee great. 
Since countless servants at thy bidding wait, — 
Eichesse oblige ; no mortal must be blind 
To all but self, or look at human kind. 
Laboring and suffering, — all its wants and woe, — 
Through sheets of crystal, as a pleasing show 
That makes life hajipier for the chosen few 
Duty for whom is something not to do. 

When thy last page of life at length is filled, 
What shall thine heirs to keep thy memory build ? 
Will piles of stone in Auburn's mournful shade 
Save from neglect the spot where thou art laid ? 
Nay, deem not thus ; the sauntering stranger's eye 
Will pass unmoved thy columned tombstone by, 
No memory wakened, not a tear-drop shed. 
Thy name uncared for and thy date unread. 

But if thy record thou indeed dost prize. 
Bid from the soil some stately temple rise, — 
Some hall of learning, some memorial shrine. 
With names long honored to associate thine : 
So shalt thy fame outlive thy shattered bust 
When all around thee slumber in the dust. 
Thus England's Henry lives in Eton's towers, 
Saved from the spoil oblivion's gulf devours ; 
Our later records with as fair a fame 
Have wreathed each uncrowned benefactor's name ; 
The walls they reared the memories still retain 
That churchyard marbles try to keep in vain. 
In vain the delving antiquary tries 
To find the tomb where generous Harvard lies : 
Here, here, his lasting monument is found, 
Where every spot is consecrated ground ! 
O'er Stoughton's dust the crumbling stone decays, 
Fast fade its lines of lapidary praise ; 
There the wild bramble weaves its ragged nets. 
There the dry lichen spreads its gray rosettes, — 



OLIVER WENDELL HOLMES'S POEM. 245 

Still in you walls his memory lives unspent, 
Nor asks a braver, nobler monument. 
Thus Hollis lives, and Holden, honored, praised, 
And good Sir Matthew, in the halls they raised ; 
Thus live the worthies of these newer times. 
Who shine in deeds, less brilliant, grouped in rhymes. 
When o'er our graves a thousand years have past 
(If to such date our threatened globe shall last), 
These classic precincts myriad feet have pressed 
Will show on high, inlDeauteous garlands dressed. 
Those treasured names our later annals know. 
While grateful centuries count the debt they owe. 

Once more I turn to read the pictured page 
Bright with the promise of the coming age. 
Ye unborn sons of children yet unborn, 
Whose youthful eyes shall greet that far-off morn, 
Blest are those eyes that all undimmed behold 
The sights so longed for by the wise of old. 

From high-arched alcoves, through resounding halls. 
Clad in full robes majestic Science calls, — 
Tireless, unsleeping, still at Nature's feet, 
Whate'er she utters fearless to repeat, 
Her lips at last from every cramp released 
That Israel's prophet caught from Egypt's priest. 

I see the statesman, firm, sagacious, bold, 
For life's long conflict cast in amplest mould : 
Not his to clamor with the senseless throng 
That shouts unshamed, " Our party, right or wrong ! " 
But in the patriot's never-ending fight 
To side with Truth, who changes wrong to right. 

I see the scholar ; in that wondrous time 
Men, women, children, all can write in rhyme. 
These four brief lines addressed to youth inclined 
To idle rhyming in his notes I find : — 

Who writes in verse that should have writ in prose 
Is like a traveller walking on his toes ; 
Happy the rhymester who in time has found 
The heels he lifts were made to totich the yroimd ! 



246 THE ALUMNI DAY. 

I see gray teachers, — on their work intent, 
Their lavished lives, in endless labor spent, 
Had closed at last in age and penury wrecked, 
Martyrs, not burned, but frozen in neglect. 
Save for the generous hands that stretched in aid 
Of worn-out servants left to die half paid. 
Ah, many a year will pass, I thought, ere we 
Such kindly forethought shall rejoice to see : 
Monarchs are mindful of the sacred debt 
That cold republics hasten to forget. 

I see the priest, — if such a name he bears 
Who without pride his sacred vestment wears ; 
And while the symbols of his tribe I seek 
Thus my first impulse bids me think and speak : — 

Let not the mitre England's prelate wears 
Next to the crown whose regal pomp it shares, 
Though low before it courtly Christians bow, 
Leave its red mark on Younger England's brow. 
We love, we honor, the maternal dame, 
But let her priesthood wear a modest name. 
While through the waters of the Pilgrim's bay 
A new-launched Mayflower shows her keels the way. 
Too old grew Britain for her mother's beads, — 
Must we be necklaced with her children's creeds ? 
Welcome alike in surplice or in gown 
The loyal lieges of the Heavenly Crown! 
We greet with cheerful, not submissive mien 
A sister Church, but not a mitred Queen ! 

A few brief flutters, and the unwilling Muse, 
Who feared the flight she hated to refuse, 
Shall fold the wings whose gayer plumes are shed, 
Here where at first her half-fledged pinions spread. 

Well I remember in the long ago 
How in the forest shades of Fontainebleau, 
Strained through a fissure in a rocky cell 
One crystal drop with measured cadence fell. 
Still, as of old, forever bright and clear. 
The fissured cavern drops its wonted tear ; 



OLIVER WENDELL HOLMES'S POEM. 247 

And wondrous virtue, simple folk aver, 
Lies in that tear-drop of la roche qui pleure. 

Of old I wandered by the river's side 
Between whose banks the mighty waters glide, 
Where vast Niagara, crashing down its fall, 
Builds and unbuilds its ever-tumbling wall : 
Oft in my dreams I hear the rush and roar 
Of battling floods, and feel the trembling shore, 
As the huge torrent, girded for its leap, 
With bellowing thunders plunges down the steep. 

Not less distinct, from memory's pictured urn, 
The gray old rock, the leafy woods, return ; 
Robed in their pride the lofty oaks appear. 
And once again with quickened sense I hear. 
Through the low murmur of the leaves that stir, 
The tinkling tear-drop of la roche qui pleure. 

So when the third ripe century stands complete, 
As once again the sons of Harvard meet, 
Rejoicing, numerous as the sea-shore sands. 
Drawn from all quarters, — farthest distant lands, 
Where through the reeds the scaly saurian steals. 
Where cold Alaska feeds her floundering seals, 
Where Plymouth, glorying, wears her iron crown, 
Where Sacramento sees the suns go down. 
Nay, from the cloisters whence the refluent tide 
Wafts their pale students to our Mother's side, — 
Mid all the tumult that the day shall bring. 
While all the echoes shout and roar and ring, 
These tinkling lines, oblivion's easy prey. 
Once more emerging to the light of day. 
Not all unpleasing to the listening ear 
Shall wake the memories of this bygone year, 
Heard as I hear the measured drops that flow 
From the gray rock of wooded Fontainebleau. 

Yet, ere I leave, one loving word for all 
Those fresh young lives that wait our Mother's call : 
One gift is yours, kind Nature's richest dower, — 
Youth, the fair bud that holds life's opening flower, 



248 THE ALUMNI DAY. 

Pull of high hopes no coward doubts enchain, 
With all the future throbbing in its brain, 
And mightiest instincts which the beating heart 
Fills with the fire its burning waves impart. 

joyous youth, whose glory is to dare, 

Thy foot firm planted on the lowest stair, 

Thine eye uplifted to the loftiest height 

Where Fame stands beckoning in the rosy light, — 

Thanks for thy flattering tales, thy fond deceits, 

Thy loving lies, thy cheerful smiling cheats ! 

Nature's rash promise every day is broke, — 

A thousand acorns breed a single oak. 

The myriad blooms that make the orchard gay 

In barren beauty throw their lives away ; 

Yet shall we quarrel with the sap that yields 

The painted blossoms which adorn the fields, 

When the fair orchard wears its May-day suit 

Of pink-white petals, for its scanty fruit ? 

Thrice happy hours, in hope's illusion dressed. 

In fancy's cradle nurtured and caressed. 

Though rich the spoils that ripening years may bring, 

To thee the dewdrops of the Orient cling, — 

Not all the dye-stuffs from the vats of truth 

Can match the rainbow on the robes of youth ! 

Dear unborn children, to our Mother's trust 

We leave you, fearless, when we lie in dust : 

While o'er these walls the Christian banner waves, 

From hallowed lips shall flow the truth that saves ; 

While o'er these portals Veritas you read. 

No church shall bind you with its human creed. 

Take from the past the best its toil has won. 

But learn betimes its slavish ruts to shun. 

Pass the old tree whose withered leaves are shed. 

Quit the old paths that error loved to tread. 

And a new wreath of living blossoms seek, 

A narrower pathway up a loftier peak ; 

Lose not your reverence, but unmanly fear 

Leave far behind you, all who enter here ! 



OLIVER WENDELL HOLMES'S POEM. 249 

As once of old from Ida's lofty height 
The flaming signal flashed across the night, 
So Harvard's beacon sheds its unspent rays 
Till every watch-tower shows its kindling blaze. 
Caught from a spark and fanned by every gale, 
A brighter radiance gilds the roofs of Yale ; 
Amherst and Williams bid their flambeaus shine, 
And Bowdoin answers through her groves of pine ; 
O'er Princeton's sands the far reflections steal, 
Where mighty Edwards stamped his iron heel ; 
Nay, on the hill where old beliefs were bound 
Fast as if Styx had girt them nine times round, 
Bursts such a light that trembling souls inquire 
If the whole church of Calvin is on fire ! 
Well may they ask, for what so brightly burns 
As a dry creed that nothing ever learns ? 
Thus link by link is knit the flaming chain 
Lit by the torch of Harvard's hallowed plain. 

Thy son, thy servant, dearest Mother mine. 
Lays this poor offering on thy holy shrine, — 
An autumn leaflet to the wild winds tossed, 
Touched by the finger of November's frost. 
With sweet sad memories of that earlier day, 
And all that listened to ray first-born lay. 
With grateful heart this glorious morn I see, — 
Would that my tribute worthier were of thee ! 



II. 
3rijc ^peedjes at tije ?Diuner* 



OPENING ADDRESS. 

BY THE HONORABLE CHARLES DEVENS. 

President of the Alumni Association. 

Brethren, — Our solemn festival draws to its close. 
For a few moments we linger still to interchange our 
mutual sentiments and feelings, and then to part until 
the three hundredth anniversary summons the sons 
of Harvard to unite upon a similar occasion. A few 
may expect to see that distant day, but most of us 
know that for us it is impossible. But whether we are 
to join in it or not, those who shall then commemorate 
are to be our brethren, united by that bond of frater- 
nity whose mystic chords draw together all who have 
drunk at this fountain. Their voices as our own, 
when they meet and when they part, will utter their 
salutation to our beloved University, " Salve, magna 
Parens ! " 

It is well in this time of prosperity, when Massachu- 
setts is a wealthy and powerful State and yet but a 
portion of a mighty nation whose gateways are on the 
Atlantic and the Pacific seas, to look back to the day 
when this college was founded, and to the men who 



PRESIDENT DEVENS'S ADDRESS. 251 

made that day great. It was six years only since 
they had reached these shores. They had contended 
with the inhospitable climate ; the stern soil they had 
encomitered but not subdued. Their settlements were 
but a fringe along a stormy sea which separated them 
from the land they had loved so well and had parted 
from in obedience to a higher call than that of coun- 
try, to build here their New Jerusalem. Not sus- 
tained by any royal favor or power, not disturbed as 
yet except it might be by a royal frown ; exercisino- 
boldly the powers of sovereignty even if in nominal 
obedience to their parent state ; fixing definitely the 
status of citizens, imposing taxes and duties, deter- 
mining what should be public charges, — that nothino- 
might be wanting to a full and perfect Commonwealth 
they established this college, endowing it with the mao-- 
nificent gift equal to a year's revenue. 

One great principle they contributed to the science 
of government, — and the greatest of states and states- 
men might well be proud of the contribution. That 
the education of the people is a public duty ; that there 
is a right in every child and youth in the land to its 
rudiments, and to the opportunity for a larger and 
more liberal culture ; that the provision for this is a 
legitimate public expenditure, — are principles of the 
gravest importance ; and for these the world is indebted 
to them. The monuments to their own just fame 
which they reared by the establishment of this college 
and their provision for public schools are not to be 
found alone in these halls, or in those where similar 
institutions teach the higher branches of learning and 



252 THE ALUMNI DAY. 

science, but equally in the humblest village school- 
house wherever in the broad land it nestles in the 
valley or by the wayside. 

In marshalling the degrees of honor, Lord Bacon 
has assigned the highest place to the concUtores imije- 
riorum, or founders of states. With other peoples it 
has been pleasant to invest them with the colors of 
poetry and romance. It is to the immortal Gods that 
Romulus traces his ancestry, and the shadowy Arthur 
who leads the line of Britain's kings is the poetic type 
of piety, truth, and courage. But the founders of New 
England we know as they were ; nor is there any dan- 
ger in an age that differs so widely from that in which 
they lived that their defects will not be pointed out and 
their shortcomings clearly exposed. These men are 
revealed to us alike by their acts and their own written 
words. Learned beyond any body of men who ever 
went forth to tempt the fortunes of a new world, their 
habit of self-inspection, and above all that of bearing 
true witness give them to us in their diaries and their 
note-books as they were. We see them in their weak- 
ness and their strength. In that Avliich they came to 
do, they were thoroughly in earnest. In the path 
they had marked out they intended to walk ; those 
who would walk with them were welcome, for others 
they had no place. If success was theirs they were 
willing to ascribe all the glory to God ; but they knew 
that in these latter days he works by human means 
and human agencies, and that it was for them to seek 
to compass all for which they prayed. They believed 
in the sword of the Lord and of Gideon ; but the sword 



PRESIDENT DEVENS'S ADDRESS. 253 

of Gideon was the good weapon tliat hung in their 
own belts and whose hilt was within the grasp of their 
own strong right hands. They looked for no miracles 
to be wrought ; the ground must be tilled if it was to 
bring forth bread, the forest must be felled if there 
were to be fields and pastures, the sea must be vexed 
by their lines and nets if they would eat of its fish. 
They had brought with them an educated clergy 
trained in the great English universities : they did not 
propose to be separated from the instructions of its 
knowledge and culture ; unless these could grow and 
increase as wealth and numbers came to them, tliey 
that builded the city would have builded it in vain. 
^'Learning," to use their own fine expression, was not 
"to be buried in the graves of the fathers." 

As they sat together in the rude chamber where the 
General Court met, November 7, 1636, could we have 
looked upon them they would have seemed to our 
eyes plain in dress and manners and stern in aspect, for 
the responsibilities upon them were heavy and solemn ; 
yet we should have seen also how high resolve, earnest 
purpose, devoted faith dignified and ennobled their 
grave and manly features. Henry Vane was there, — 

" Vane young in years, yet in sage counsel old," 

as Milton has written of him. Hugh Peters was there, 
both afterwards to die upon the scafi'old for their stem 
assertion of the liberties of England. John Winthrop 
was there, and without question, as he is always seen in 
our Annals, sweet and calm, wise and brave. Of all 
that was there said nothing is preserved ; neither diary, 
memorandum, nor note-book yield a word, although 



254 THE ALUMNI DAY. 

carefully and lovingly searclied. What they did the 
record tells. Yet the illustrious orator who stood fifty 
years ago where I most unAvorthily stand to-day, im- 
agined in w^ords well befitting the occasion the speech 
which John Winthrop might have made ; and we join 
in the aspiration with which it concludes : "So long as 
New England or America hath a name on the eartli's 
surface, the fame and the fruit of this day's work shall 
be blessed." 

These men were in many respects, certainly in lofty 
conception, above the age in which they lived : no- 
where can it be said that they fell below it. Yet 
neither they nor any body of men ever burst through 
the environment of the temper and thought of the age 
in which their lot was cast. If they were intolerant 
of other modes of belief, this was tlie result of their 
peculiar political situation rather than indifi'erence 
to the rights of others. When power fully came to 
them, as it did come in England, the belief of others 
was respected. Every sect in its weakness counsels 
toleration ; but Mr. Hume, one of the bitterest of 
their critics, says of them : "Of all Christian sects 
this was the first which during its prosperity as 
well as its adversity always adopted the principle 
of toleration." 

Certainly this college bears no marks of intolerance, 
if that charge can rightfully be brought elsewhere 
against the founders of New England. Established 
primarily for theological instruction ; he whose name 
it bears and whose gift made its existence possible a 
clergyman ; controlled by the ministry at a time when 



PRESIDENT DEVENS'S ADDRESS. 255 

in all the affairs of the colony their influence was little 
less than paramount, — the liberal spirit of each charter 
and constitution it has received has been such that its 
advantages and privileges have been at the disposal of 
all, irrespective of differences of belief. Let every one 
that thirsteth come and drink freely. No creed was 
ever to be signed, no form of faith professed, no cate- 
chism answered by student or professor. In reverent 
faith its founders entertained the then prevalent doc- 
trines of the Protestant Church. Their difference with 
the Anglican Church had been one of ritual and disci- 
pline ratlier than of doctrine. They must have un- 
derstood how large an instrument of authority and 
influence a great seat of learning is in its sway over 
opinion, but they did not seek to control it by any 
formulas which should bind the consciences of those 
who resorted to it. 

The quarter of a millennium which has elapsed 
since the foundation of our college carries us back 
even more than is indicated merely by the number 
of its years. It marks the dawn of the present era 
in literature and science. Shakespeare and Bacon 
were but a few years dead, Milton was yet in his 
youth, Newton was still to come. With all the ad- 
vance of what may be called modern Europe our 
University is identified, and steadily it must adapt 
itself in its high office of instruction to tlie wants of 
each generation and its growing needs. Firmly fixed, 
it stands upon the rocks ; but the guidance which 
it shall give to those who look for its light must be 
such as they can follow through every channel that 



256 THE ALUMNI DAY. 

learning or science may hereafter discover. The con- 
trol which its Alumni have by electing its overseers 
imposes on us the duty of ultimately determining 
what changes shall from time to time be made, and 
how it shall best fulfil its great office. It is a grave 
and solemn trust to be administered in reverent grati- 
tude to those who have gone before us, whose labors 
we have enjoyed, and in the earnest wish that those 
who may follow us may reap an abundant harvest 
from the seed we shall sow. Proportions vary, rela- 
tions change. The mighty march which has been 
made in physical science ; the carefully guarded secrets 
which Nature, pursued and tortm-ed in a thousand 
ways, has been compelled to reveal ; the powers and 
forces which have been discovered and applied to the 
service of man, — have changed the relative position 
which the arts and sciences must hereafter occupy in any 
system of general education. The literature of modern 
Europe, including that of our own English tongue to 
which our own countrymen have contributed much, 
could not be said to have had an existence on the day 
when our college was founded. It necessarily de- 
mands and must receive a larger place as it embodies 
what is best and noblest in modern thought. Yet it 
does not follow that our obligation to that of the 
classic ages is to be denied or disowned. Nor need 
we feel that what has done so much to dignify and 
elevate the life of man will lose its genial influence, 
tliat the language immortalized by '' Tully's voice and 
Virgil's lay and Livy's pictured page" is to be for- 
gotten, or that the mighty instrument of thought and 



PRESIDENT DEVENS'S ADDRESS. 257 

speech witli which Demosthenes fiilmined over Greece 
is to be cast aside as broken and useless. 

But whatever changes are to come to our University, 
its faithful spirit in the culture of knowledge is not to 
change ; nor will it ever be discouraged in the attempt 
to establish the foundations of that noble and hig-h 
character which makes useful men able in their own 
persons to exhibit exalted lives. Apart from all direct 
instruction, religious or moral, there should be an at- 
mosphere which shall impart to those around whom it 
flows an inspiration to be worthy and true. In the 
theocracy of the Puritans, those educated here were to 
be its churchmen, statesmen, and leaders of its people. 
All this is changed ; but it does not therefore follow 
that leaders are no longer to exist. We have passed 
out from the age of authority, but the foundations 
upon which authority should rightfully exist are not 
therefore destroyed. There was never a time when 
philanthropic effort met a more generous response, 
when wise and mature thought met higher apprecia- 
tion, when carefully considered utterance found larger 
audience, or when educated men ready to perform 
the great duties of life could render more efficient 
service. That this University has fulfilled in a large 
measure the hopes of its founders in the broad and 
general aspects in which its anticipated benefits were 
presented to their minds, we would willingly believe. 
The list of its scholars, of its lovers of polite literature, 
of its teachers, its scientists, its statesmen, bears honored 
and illustrious names. But it is not upon these alone 
its fame is to rest. Even if it has been said of the 

17 



258 THE ALUMNI DAY. 

majority of men, "They will have perished as though 
they had never been, and will become as though 
they had never been born," this when spoken of brave 
and faithful men such as this college has sent forth 
by hundreds and even thousands is far from true. 
Our vision is weak and narrow : it is only when ser- 
vice is marked and peculiar that to our eyes it be- 
comes apparent. The village Hampdens, *'the mute, 
inglorious " Miltons, do not perish as if they had never 
been. The professional men who in their day have 
served the communities in which they dwelt, — the 
schoolmaster, the physician, the clergyman, who has 
not only taught but led the way to a higher life, — 
have found here their moral and intellectual training. 
Those who have found in commerce or its kindred 
pursuits their appropriate sphere, or those so placed 
by fortune that it has not been necessary to j^^rsue 
the gainful callings of life, have been made here men 
of feeling and culture, dignifying and elevating the 
world around them. Men like these mould, educate, 
and control society. They do not look that any 
laurel wreath of fame shall adorn their brows : it is 
enough for them that they are brave and steadfast 
soldiers in the great army by whose fidelity and 
courage the world advances. 

Nor in the great crises of the nation has it been 
found heretofore that this college has been unworthy 
of its high purpose. In the struggles by which the 
English people fought their own way to civil and re- 
ligious liberty, in the great debate which preceded the 
conflict of arms with Great Britain herself, the men 



PRESIDENT DEVENS'S ADDRESS. 259 

educated here were ever prominent. All the signers 
of the Declaration of Independence from Massachusetts 
were its children. Nor in the great struggle for na- 
tional life which came to our own generation were its 
sons wanting. Certainly, standing in this Hall which 
pious care has reared to their memory, I cannot for- 
get the young, the beautiful, the brave, who nobly 
perilled or who nobly surrendered life in that terrible 
conflict. A subject race has been rescued from bon- 
dage, a nation has been lifted from the thraldom to 
which itself had been condemned by its own tolera- 
tion, and the integrity of the Union has been estab- 
lished forever. Such a cause has consecrated those 
who have died in its defence. 

By these festival rites we surrender to the century 
that is to follow this University. Adorned, improved, 
and with greater capacity for the noble work of edu- 
cation it certainly is ; nor will we forget the noble 
spirit by which its founders were actuated. It is 
not necessary to accept the religious dogmas of the 
Puritans, or to attach the importance they did to 
propositions in theology; but we must admire their 
spirit of self-sacrifice, their sincere desire to elevate 
their own lives by a faith which lifted them above 
all that was ignoble in the present, and gilded with 
a divine light all that was sordid around them. Far 
below their lofty ideal standards they fell no doubt, 
yet these were ever above them. Wealth, rank, 
worldly success were nothing; where truth led the 
way they were to follow ; what duty commanded, 
that they were to do. To them much that we see 



260 THE ALUMNI DAY. 

around us would appear strange; these splendid edi- 
fices, these 

'' storied windows richly dight, 
Casting their dim, religious light," 

would seem at variance with the simj)licity they loved ; 
but we will not doubt our communion with them so 
long as we are loyal to truth and duty. Nor if thus 
faithful, will we doubt that the calm scholar whose 
figure moulded by a skilful hand sits in perennial 
youth at our portals, were he to come again in bodily 
presence, would fail to recognize us as the children for 
whom his bounty was intended. 

The structure that has been reared here contains in 
itself all the elements of growth and permanence. In 
each age, those who are to follow us shall repair, 
restore, and renew it as wisdom and knowledge shall 
instruct them. The sands of the desert are piled high 
above the monuments which Egyptian kings have 
reared to commemorate their conquests and their re- 
nown; those of graceful and artistic Greece, and of 
mighty Rome, crumble and fall into the dust, — but 
if their sons are faithful, against this edifice of our 
fathers the waves of time shall beat in vain. No 
creeping ivy shall throw out its green and flaunting 
banner from ruined battlements ; but above its tow- 
ers, strengthened by the noblest thought of each 
coming age, shall float forever our simple word, 
" Veritas." 

At the conclusion of President Devens's address the 
chorus sang " Fair Harvard," after which he introduced the 
President of the University as follows : — 



CHARLES W. ELIOT'S SPEECH. 261 

I give you, brethren, our first sentiment: " Our Alma Mater ! 
In grateful memory of her instructions, her sons come to-day 
by thousands to do her honor." I respectfully request Presi- 
dent Eliot to respond. 

SPEECH OF CHARLES WILLIAM ELIOT. 

President of the University. 
Mr. President: Graduates of Harvard College: 

At this high festival, in which tender recollections 
and hopeful anticipations, thanksgivings for the past 
and aspirations for the future, are mingling, we all 
think first of our beloved country, — 

'' Old at our birth, new as the springing hours, 
Shrine of our weakness, fortress of our powers, 
Consoler, kindler, peerless 'raid her peers," — 

and we salute him who here honorably represents her. 
[Colonel Lee proposed three cheers for the President, 
which were heartily given.] 

Next we give thanks and praises to Massachusetts, 
colony, province, commonwealth. Hers was the far- 
seeing and fcir-reaching act we celebrate ; hers the 
generative deed, done in loneliness and poverty, but 
in faith. To-day fifty millions of people in wealth 
and strength and liberty share its fruits. 

Then we greet the representatives of other institu- 
tions of learning who have come to rejoice with us; 
and we welcome the men distinguished in the public 
service and the professions, in letters, science, or art, 
whose favoring presence adds lustre to our assembly. 

To all these guests you, the graduates of Harvard 
College, bid hearty welcome. But who shall wel- 
come the welcomersf You need no welcome here. 



262 THE ALUMNI DAY. 

Familiar rooms and paths, hands of comrades and 
friends, joyous and tender memories and the visions 
of your youth have welcomed you. 

Why has this throng come up, out of the bustle 
and strife of the forum and the market-place, to our 
academic seat ? What spirit stirs this multitude to- 
day ? You have come to pay homage to the Univer- 
sity of your love, and through it to all universities ; 
because in tliem truth is sought, knowledge increased 
and stored, literature, science, and art are fostered, and 
honor, duty, and piety are taught. The spirit in 
which you come is a spirit of profound and well- 
grounded hopefulness. 

The brief history of modern civilization shows that 
in backward ages universities keep alive philosophy, 
and in progressive ages they lead the forward move- 
ment, guiding adventurous spirits to the best point of 
onward departure. They bring a portion of each 
successive generation to the confines of knowledge, 
to the very edge of the territory already conquered, 
and say to the eager youth : " Thus far came our 
fathers. Now press you on ! " The hope of man- 
kind depends on this incessant work of the philo- 
sophical pioneer, who may be years, or generations, 
or centuries in advance of the common march. 

And universities are among the most permanent of 
human institutions. They outlast particular forms of 
government, and even the legal and industrial insti- 
tutions in which they seem to be embedded. Har- 
vard University already illustrates this transcendent 
vitality. Its charter, granted in 1650, is in force to- 



GEORGE D. EOBINSOX'S SPEECH. 263 

day in every line, having survived in perfect integ- 
rity the prodigious poUtical, social, and commercial 
changes of more than two centuries. And still, after 
more than two centuries, do Winthrops, Endicotts, 
Saltonstalls, Bulkleys, Danforths, Rogerses, Hoars, and 
Wigglesworths represent at these tables the founders 
of the college and the Commonwealth. Here, too, by 
our sides sit Adamses, Quincys, Cushings, Paines, 
Wards, Warrens, Emersons, and Pickerings, recalling 
the qualities, and even the features, of our heroes of the 
Revolutionary period. So may our descendants shout 
in this very hall, when fifty years hence the President 
shall recall heroic names of our day, and shall exhort 
another generation to be worthy of their fothers' fame. 
Then, as now, may the graduates of Harvard look 
backward with exultation and thanksgiving, and for- 
ward with confidence and high resolve. 

President Devens then said : At our tables the Common- 
wealth of Massachusetts sits alike as a host and as a guest, 
so that I shall follow the usual custom, even before announc- 
ing our most eminent guest, in order that it may join in our 
welcome to him. I give you : " The Commonwealth of Mas- 
sachusetts ! Our gratitude is due to her as the legitimate 
successor of the colony which founded Harvard College." 



SPEECH OF GEORGE D. ROBINSON. 

Governor of Massachusetts. 

Mr. President, — The State of Massachusetts de- 
lights to join in the celebration of this festival occa- 
sion, which marks a great anniversary in the life and 
career of our ancient University. Our dear Alma 



264 THE ALUMNI DAY. 

Mater and our honored and progressive Common- 
wealth have come down the centuries together, inti- 
mately allied for the advance of sound learning, for 
a larger liberty, for a more intelligent and patriotic 
citizenship, for a sympathetic support of all movements 
to improve the condition and welfare of the people, 
and to make universal the blessings of civil and re- 
liMous freedom. 

To-day Massachusetts and Harvard University, re- 
ceiving with gratitude the congratulations that come 
from all parts of the civilized world so abundantly, 
unite in joyful salutations to all the institutions of 
learning everywhere; to the common schools that 
stand in our land as the sure bulwark against igno- 
rance and oppression ; to the sister States, those con- 
temporaneous in foundation and settlement, and those, 
too, reared in the later time and established in peace 
and prosperity upon the virgin soil of our country. 
And more especially do we regard with tender but 
exultant veneration the Union of the States, — the 
mighty republic of America. And so, Mr. President, 
there is rare felicity that, as we stand here and to- 
gether contemplate the triumphs of the centuries that 
have passed, we are in the presence of that grand 
nation born of the impulses that sprang up here 
and around us; and we are permitted to signalize 
this event by our tributes of honor and appreciation 
to the distinguished, able, patriotic chief magistrate, 
the President of the United States. [The audience 
broke into wild cheering, which was again and again 
renewed, but which was finally quelled by a depre- 



GEORGE D. ROBINSON'S SPEECH. 265 

eating wave of the hand from President Cleveland.] 
And let me say, sir [turning to President Cleve- 
land], what I know is in the hearts of all, — that 
in whatever of effort he shall make for sound and 
just government, for the preservation of the liberties 
of the people, for clean politics, for incorruptible ad- 
ministration of the momentous trusts of his office, he 
will find himself in close accord with the high aims 
that actuated the founders of Harvard College and of 
the fathers who gave us our beloved Commonwealth. 

Receiving to-day with abundant gratitude the high 
honors of the University, I bear to her my renewed 
allegiance ; and I salute her officers and my fellow- 
graduates with cordial thankfulness and fraternal re- 
gard. It is the record of history that in the earlier 
days when my predecessors in the gubernatorial office 
visited the college, they held all their conversations 
witli the President for the time being in the Latin 
language. This delightful custom has latterly fallen 
quite into disuse ; and the present occasion marks its 
complete abandonment. Indeed, the intercourse be- 
tween the high officials at the present time is expressed 
in words quite intelligible and widely current ; and the 
honorary degrees of the great University have to-day, 
for tlie first time in her history, been conferred in the 
welcome vernacular. 

But, sir, I know no higher duty at this time than 
the recognition of the heroic element exemplified in 
the college life and character. When in 1775 the 
immortal Washington took command of the assembled 
forces of New England before the walls of the college, 



266 THE ALUMNI DAY. 

tlie instructors and the students, exempt from the 
burdens of military service, repaired to the quieter 
precincts of Old Concord, and the halls of learning 
became the barracks for the patriotic soldiery of 
America. When rebellion threatened the destruction 
of our Union, another glorious scene was enacted 
here. The college sent forth her best and her 
bravest; and their deeds, wrought in blood and in 
death, were immortalized in glory, and the grateful 
survivors of the alumni have reared this magnificent 
temple and placed these monuments here to memo- 
rialize their valor and their sacrifice. And though 
one of our own poets has said, — 

" What 's words to him whose faith and truth 
On war's red touchstone rang true metal ? 
"Who ventured life and love and youth, 
For the great prize of death in battle," — 

yet we treasure in our heart of hearts these grand 
memories of the past as a precious heritage, and we 
gamer them to-day in the lap of our dear old Mother 
as the rich fruitage of her triumph and her renown. 

But, sir, time does not suffice, nor is it for one voice 
alone when so many more eloquent are awaiting your 
summons, to recall the grand record of the past, or to 
express in prophetic language the still greater future 
that lies before this revered, dignified, and powerful 
institution. I know there is nothing better for me to 
bespeak for Harvard University on behalf of the 
Commonwealth of Massachusetts, than that all her sons 
in the coming time, standing on the vantage-ground 
already gained, shall make their lives as honorable, as 
conspicuous, as beneficent to mankind as those who 



GROVER CLEVELAND'S SPEECH. 267 

laid the foundations here in devotion to learnins", to 
pure religion, to sound morals, and to upright citizen- 
ship. Venerable Alma Mater ! we hail thee as the 
mother of a mighty race. 

'' On thy brow 
Shall sit a nobler grace than now ; 
Deep in the brightness of thy skies 
The thronging years in glory rise, 
And as they fleet 
Drop strength and riches at thy feet." 

The President said : It has been with the sincerest pleas- 
ure, brethren, that we have welcomed here the President of 
the United States. We welcome him personally for his many 
merits and high claims to individual consideration. We wel- 
come him politically as the executive head of the great nation 
of which Massachusetts is a component part. All of us are 
interested in the success of his administration, and most 
cordially wish it success. I give you, then, my brethren : 
" The President of the United States ! Wisdom to the head, 
courage to the heart, strength to the hand always of him who 
shall bear aloft the shield on which are emblazoned the arms 
of the American Union." 



SPEECH OF GROVER CLEVELAND. 

President of the United States. 

Mr. President and Gentlemen : 

I FIND myself to-day in company to which I am 
much unused ; and when I see the alumni of the oldest 
college in the land surrounding in their right of sonship 
the maternal board at which I am but an invited guest, 
the reflection that for me there exists no alma mater 
gives rise to a feeling of regret, which is only kindly 
tempered by the cordiality of your welcome and your 



268 THE ALUMNI DAY. 

reassuring friendliness. If the fact is recalled that 
only twelve of my twenty-one predecessors in office 
had the advantage of a collegiate or university educa- 
tion, a proof is presented of the democratic sense of 
our people, rather than an argument against the su- 
preme value of the best and most liberal education in 
high public positions. There certainly can be no suf- 
ficient reason for any space or distance between the 
walks of a most classical education and the way that 
leads to j^olitical place. Any disinclination on the 
part of the most learned and cultured of our citizens 
to mingle in public affairs, and the consequent aban- 
donment of political activity to those who have but 
little regard for the student and the scholar in politics, 
are not favorable conditions under a government such 
as ours. And if they have existed to a damaging ex- 
tent, very recent events appear to indicate that the 
education and conservatism of the land are to be here- 
after more plainly heard in the expression of popular 
will. 

Surely the splendid destiny which awaits patriotic 
effort in behalf of our country will be sooner reached, 
if the best of our thinkers and educated men shall 
deem it a solemn duty of citizenship actively and 
practically to engage in political affairs, and if the 
force and power of their thought and learning shall 
be willingly or unwillingly acknowledged in party 
management. 

If I am to speak of the President of the United 
States, I desire to mention, as the most pleasant and 
characteristic feature of our system of government, the 



GROVER CLEVELAND'S SPEECH. 269 

nearness of tlie people to their President and other 
high officials. The close view afforded our citizens of 
the acts and conduct of those to whom they have in- 
trusted their interests, serves as a regulator and check 
upon temptation and pressm-e in office, and is a con- 
stant reminder that diligence and faithfulness are the 
measure of public duty. 

And such a relation between the President and the 
people ought to leave but little room in the popular 
judgment and conscience for unjust and false accusa- 
tions, and for malicious slanders invented for the pur- 
pose of undermining the people's trust and confidence 
in the administration of their government. No public 
officer should desire to check the utmost freedom of 
criticism as to all official acts ; but every right-think- 
ing man must concede that the President of the United 
States should not be put beyond the protection which 
American love of fair play and decency accords to 
every American citizen. This trait of our national 
character would not encourage, if their extent and ten- 
dency were fully appreciated, the silly, mean, and 
cowardly lies that every day are found in the columns 
of certain newspapers, which violate every instinct of 
American manliness, and in ghoulish glee desecrate 
every sacred relation of private life. 

There is nothing in the highest office that the 
American people can confer which necessarily makes 
their President altogether selfish, scheming, and un- 
trustworthy. On the contrary, the solemn duties 
which confront him tend to a sober sense of responsi- 
bility ; the trust of the American people and an appre- 



270 THE ALUMNI DAY. 

ciation of their mission among the nations of the earth 
should make him a patriotic man ; and the tales of 
distress which reach him from the humble and lowly 
and the needy and afflicted in every corner of the 
land, cannot fail to quicken within him every kind im- 
pulse and tender sensibility. After all, it comes to 
this : the people of the United States have, one and 
all, a sacred mission to perform ; and their President, 
not more surely than every other citizen who loves his 
country, must assume a part of the responsibility of 
demonstrating to the world the success of popular gov- 
ernment. No man can hide his talent in a napkin and 
escape the condemnation his slothfulness deserves, nor 
evade the stem sentence which his faithlessness invites. 
Be assured, my friends, that the privileges of this 
day so full of improvement, and the enjoyments of 
this hour so full of pleasure and cheerful encourage- 
ment, will never be forgotten ; and in parting with 
you now, let me express the earnest hope that Har- 
vard's alumni may always honor the venerable institu- 
tion which has honored them, and that no man who 
forgets or neglects his duty to American citizenship 
shall find his alma mater here. 



President Devens said : I would like to remember on this 
occasion both the founders of the University and all its bene- 
factors. Those of the benefactors who are living have to-day 
our warmest gratitude ; and to-day we would commemorate 
also those who have gone before us. I am sure there is no 
one who could more appropriately answer to such a sentiment 
than one who was the chief marshal of the celebration fifty 
years ago, and who represents in his own person John 



ROBERT C. WINTHROP'S SPEECH. 271 

Winthrop. There is no need that I should speak of the 
esteem in which we who are his brethren hold his learning:, 
eloquence, and patriotism, nor need I speak of the esteem in 
which he is held by the people of the United States. You 
will recognize what I mean, when you recall the fact that 
within the past five years he has been chosen by the unani- 
mous vote of the Congress of the United States to represent 
its people on two most important anniversaries in the national 
history. I give you : " The Founders and the Benefactors of 
Harvard College ! May the seed which they have sown be 
gathered in an abundant harvest." I respectfully ask Mr. 
Winthrop to speak a few words. 



SPEECH OF ROBERT C. WINTHROP. 

And tliey must be a very few words, Mr. President. 
I almost wish that I could have been spared entirely 
from tliis call. Yet I cannot be wholly silent to such 
a summons. I thank you, I thank you, sir, for the 
kind compliments with which you have introduced 
me. I thank you all, fellow-graduates and friends, 
for your cordial and cheering reception. But I feel 
that the best way in which I can exhibit my gratitude 
is to waste none of the precious moments of this 
afternoon in any vain attempt to give expression to 
emotions which you know already that I cannot fail 
to feel. 

I am, indeed, most happy, sir, to be recognized 
here to-day as in some sort the representative of the 
grand Harvard Jubilee fifty years ago. I remember 
doing not a little of hard work for that occasion, as 
Secretary of the Committee of Arrangements ; while, 
as Chief Marshal of the day, it was my privilege to 



272 THE ALUMNI DAY. 

lead off on their winding way more tlian fifteen hun- 
dred Alumni, — the largest number ever assembled 
here before, or for many years afterwards. I may be 
pardoned for reminding you that I was then a good 
deal less than half the age of my excellent friend, 
Colonel Lee, who has marshalled us so gallantly to- 
day ; and my pride was of course in the inverse ratio 
of my years. 

I look back on that long procession to see now but 
a host of shadows. Of the Committee of Forty, two 
only, besides myself, are left among the living, — the 
pre-eminent lawyer of Boston, Sidney Bartlett, and 
our illustrious poet, Oliver Wendell Holmes, who 
gave us a charming little song at that Jubilee, and 
who has given us so impressive and stirring a poem 
at this ; and who, we all rejoice to perceive, has 
renewed his youth like the eagle by that brilliant 
flight across the x^itlantic, and by that rapturous re- 
ception which awaited him from the wits of Old 
England. 

Sir, it is not for me to dwell too long upon the 
reminiscences of the past. But it was only a day or 
two ago that, in glancing over my old files, I found 
a most touching reminder of that last Jubilee in the 
original letter, addressed to me as Secretary of the 
Committee, by the eminent Hamson Gray Otis, 
announcing the two afflicting bereavements which 
prevented him from presiding at the banquet. That 
letter recalled to me most vividly our deep indebted- 
ness to an ever honored and lamented friend for 
supj)lying his place so grandly at such short notice, 



ROBERT C. WINTHROP'S SPEECH. 273 

and rescuing us from confusion and discomfiture. 
No exigency, however sudden or momentous, could 
ever take Edward Everett by surprise. He was the 
prince of Harvard scholars and orators of that day 
and of all days, full of facility and felicity, — to 
borrow a phrase of Lord Bacon's, — imitating none, 
and inimitable by any. His bust and portrait are 
overhanging me at this moment, and his name can 
never be forgotten when our Alma Mater is counting 
up her jewels, as she is so proudly to-day. 

But I must not linger on such themes, nor indeed 
on any other topic. I would wilHngly have said 
a word or two on some of those Benefactors and 
Founders in connection with whose memory you 
have done me the distinguished honor to call me up. 
I would eagerly have said something in particular 
about that young graduate of Emmanuel, whose 
name, originally given to a single college, now gives 
individuality and oneness to our whole University, 
e plurihus unwn. Of his lineaments, alas ! we have 
but a fancy sketch, and even his lineage, having baf- 
fled all research for two centuries and a half, has but 
just been revealed by what one might almost be 
pardoned for calling a miraculous moving of tlie 
Waters. Never, I think, before or since, was such 
an enduring and wide-spreading fame so uncon- 
sciously won as that of John Harvard ; nor is there 
any other name in all the annals of literature and 
learning so sure to hold its place in the grateful 
and affectionate remembrance of generation after 
generation to the last syllable of recorded time. 

18 



274 THE ALUMNI DAY. 

But there is another still younger man than John 
Harvard to whom I should have been glad to pay 
a brief tribute. I refer to that very young man who 
presided, as Governor, over the little General Court 
of Massachusetts Bay which first established and en- 
dowed this college in 1636. You have named him, 
sir, and have quoted the familiar line of John Milton's 
sonnet, — 

" Vane, young in years, but in sage counsel old." 

But that sonnet of Milton was written sixteen years 
after Vane was here in Massachusetts, and when he 
was still only forty years of age. He was but twenty- 
four years old when he must have approved, and per- 
haps signed as Governor, the ordinance under which 
this University was founded and established. It 
would have given me peculiar pleasure, as a lineal 
descendant of his old political opponent, to assert and 
vindicate his claim to share with John Wintlu'op the 
honors of this occasion. Whatever other controver- 
sies they may have had witli each other, they were 
evidently of one mind and of one heart as to the 
founding of this institution. They both knew what 
colleges were. They brought over to New England 
personal associations with the great universities of 
Old England. Vane had been a student at Magda- 
len's, Oxford. Winthrop had been a student of 
Trinity College, Cambridge. They had united a 
few months earlier, in that same year 1636, in large 
subscriptions for the free schools of Boston. Edu- 
cation in all its grades, as a vital necessity of the 
infant colony, was plainly at the heart of them both 



ROBERT C. WINTHROPS SPEECH. 275 

alike. Their names may well be joined in all our 
memories to-day. 

The young Henry Vane, afterwards Sir Henry, re- 
mained in Massachusetts only two years. He went 
back to England in 1637, and participated bravely 
and heroically in the great struggle for English lib- 
erty, and left his name at last on that illustrious roll 
of martyrs on which are to be found the names of 
Sir Walter Raleigh and William Lord Russell and 
Algernon Sidney. His name has been absorbed, in 
later generations, in a title which has a special and 
most welcome flavor and fragrance for us here to- 
day, — the ducal title of Cleveland ; and I would say, 
Honor to that name, on both sides of the Atlantic, 
whether worn by English Dukes or by American 
Presidents. 

I have trespassed on you, sir, far longer than I 
intended. But I cannot forget, in closing, that ex- 
cept the charming little song of Dr. Holmes, which 
nothing but his own modesty could have prevented 
from finding a deserved place in the records, I am 
the only survivor of those whose voices were heard 
in the great Jubilee Pavilion fifty years ago. That 
Pavilion resounded for four or five hours with the 
eloquence of Quincy and Everett, of Shaw and Story, 
of Saltonstall and Sprague, and of Daniel Webster, — 
whose presence alone was enough to give dignity 
and grandeur to any occasion which he attended. 
Nor must I omit to mention among those speakers 
that accomplished and eloquent scholar and orator 
of South Carolina, who, only seven years later, at 



276 THE ALUMNI DAY. 

the early age of forty-six, died so suddenly and sadly at 
the home of his friend George Ticknor, while visiting 
Boston as Secretary of State of the United States. 

But I forbear from all further remark. It is rarely 
given to any one to speak as he would like to speak 
at two such Jubilees, half a century apart from each 
other. I feel sincerely and deeply that I had my 
turn fifty years ago, and that others are fairly entitled 
to their turn to-day, more especially the distinguished 
guests from other colleges and from other climes, 
whom we are all so impatient to hear and welcome. 
Need I add, sir, that I am but too conscious of in- 
firmities of age and health and voice, which incapaci- 
tate me for doing justice to the occasion or to myself? 
Let me onl}^, as I resume my seat, offer to my beloved 
Alma Mater, on tliis auspicious birthday and in pres- 
ence of so many of her assembled sons, my earnest 
and affectionate hopes and wishes and prayers for her 
long continued and ever increasing prosperity and 
honor in scecula sceculorum ! 

The President said : Brethren, I give you, " Emmanuel 
College, Cambridge, England ! — united to us forever by the 
memory of John Harvard." I will ask the Rev. Dr. Creigh- 
TON to address us. 

SPEECH OF MANDELL CREIGHTON. 

Professor in the Universiti/ of Cambridge, England ; and delegate from 
Emmanuel College. 

Two years ago Emmanuel College celebrated the 
three hundredth anniversary of its foundation in some 
such way as you are doing to-day. On that occasion 



MANDELL CREIGIITON'S SPEECH. 277 

two distinguished alumni of Harvard, — Professor 
Lowell and Professor Norton, — no less by the dignity 
of their presence than by the eloquence of their speech, 
almost succeeded in converting our festival into a cele- 
bration of Harvard College in its ancestral soil of Eng- 
land. And we Emmanuel men were glad that it should 
be so; for the story of the activity of Emmanuel 
College is merged in the larger history of the Univer- 
sity of Cambridge, and forms part of the annals of 
England in church and state, in society and literature. 
But the connection of Emmanuel Colles^e with Har- 
vard University is an episode of unique picturesque- 
ness in academic annals, and sets Emmanuel College 
in a conspicuous place in the intellectual history of 
mankind. For the connection between Emmanuel 
and Harvard was not due merely to accident. Em- 
manuel owed its origin to the same movement of 
thought which produced your Commonwealth, and the 
ideas which found expression on the coast of Massa- 
chusetts Bay were fostered in Sir Walter Mildmay's 
new college at Cambridge. Emmanuel College was 
founded to be a stronghold of the Puritan party in 
the days when they were waging a stubborn and 
determined war for the possession of the English 
Church. The fortunes of the fight turned against 
them in the days of Laud and Charles I. ; and in 
the hour of their discouragement a scanty band of 
resolute men set their faces towards this shore, that 
they might set up here that form of society which 
they despaired of establishing at home. It was not 
the fault of Emmanuel men that the Puritans were 



278 THE ALUMNI DAY. 

vanquished in England; and I trust that I am not 
unduly influenced by college sentiment if I say that 
Emmanuel men were the intellectual leaders of the 
New England colonists. 

The pathetic dignity of the act which you commem- 
orate to-day, the resolution of the General Court to 
found a college, has been eloquently put before you. 
Let me carry your thoughts a little further to the 
pathos of the life of him whom you have agreed to 
recognize as your founder. I would not for a mo- 
ment be supposed to disparage research of any kind, 
and I fully recognize the industry and patriotism which 
has led one of your graduates to search the records of 
John Harvard's life. But I cannot help feeling a little 
glad that he has not discovered too much. To me the 
solitary figure of the unknown scholar, from whom 
you take your name, has a special significance through 
its very indistinctness. To some it is given to work 
out their ideas through a long course of intellectual 
production or of public service ; others can only ex- 
press themselves in some one decisive act. We know 
enough of John Harvard's character to justify our ad- 
miration ; we know that he was devoted to the sjDread 
of learning and the promotion of the public welfare. 
His munificence was applied to further the object of 
popular aspiration. What the scanty revenues of the 
community could scarcely compass was accomplished 
by the example which his hopefulness set forth. He 
M^as at once a scholar, a statesman, a philanthropist ; a 
man whom Emmanuel may be proud to have trained, 
and Harvard may be proud to recognize as her foun- 



MANDELL CREIGHTON'S SPEECH. 279 

der. It matters not that John Harvard cannot be 
shown to have been a man of social or of intellectual 
distinction. It may be that John Harvard's teachers 
shook their heads sadly over an awkward lad who sat 
silent in their lecture-rooms; but the names of John 
Harvard's teachers are, I fear, forgotten, wdiile John 
Harvard's name lives and is venerated to-day, and 
judging- from to-day's enthusiasm is likely to live 
through the long future of this great University. 
For John Harvard learned a lesson beyond what his 
teachers could impart ; his fine sense caught the spirit 
of the institution which had inspired his intellectual 
life, and with the strength of that spirit he could in- 
spire others. 

It is true that learning is cosmopolitan, and knows 
no distinction of place or clime ; but we who dwell 
by the banks of the sluggish Cam rejoice that we can 
see in John Harvard, ours and yours alike, a bodily 
symbol of the link that unites us with you who have 
called into being a new Cambridge where the Charles 
River broadens into the Atlantic. Our efforts as 
teachers can have no higher aim than to send forth 
into the world young men such as was John Harvard, 
" a godly gentleman and a great lover of learning." 
To both of us there are " new worlds to conquer not a 
few," new places which the light of knowledge may 
illumine. The good wishes which through me Em- 
manuel College tenders for the prosperity of this great 
University are warm and heartfelt; and every Em- 
manuel man will feel himself strengthened for our 
common work when I tell him how cordial is the wel- 



280 THE ALUMNI DAT. 

come which you have to-day given to the memory of 
his college. 

" God save the Queen " was played by the band ; then the 
President said : Brethren, we have here represented to-day, 
not only Emmanuel College, but the great University of which 
it forms a part. The careful historian has estimated that in 
the early period of our colony there were among its teachers 
one hundred men who were scholars from the two universi- 
ties of Cambridge and Oxford. Of these, seventy came from 
Cambridge and twenty from Emmanuel College. We desire 
to remember Cambridge, Oxford, and all the other universities 
of Europe. I will invite Rev. Dr. Taylor, master of St. John's 
College of Cambridge University, to address you. 



SPEECH OF CHARLES TAYLOR. 

Master of St. John's College, Cambridge, England. 

Mr. President and Gentlemen : 

I AM deeply grateful for the manifest tokens of your 
good-will toward the universities and colleges of Eu- 
rope, and I deem it a high privilege to be your guest 
and the delegate of ray own University on this historic 
occasion. The University of Cambridge has been rep- 
resented at congresses and anniversary celebrations in 
the Old World. She has sent her delegates to the heart 
of Europe and to its Eastern verge, to the land of the 
Northmen and to the South; but I can truly say, 
speaking for the whole body corporate which I repre- 
sent, that of all such gatherings there has never been 
one that could vie in interest for us with this vast 
and brilliant concourse of scholars and statesmen 
from all quarters of the Western Continent, to cele- 



CHARLES TAYLOR'S SPEECH. 281 

brate the two hundred and fiftieth anniversary of its 
first and foremost University. Cambridge is proud to 
see lier name perpetuated in this intellectual focus of 
the New World ; to see its most ancient college named 
after an alumnus of one of her own colleges; to be 
able to count among her graduates some of the most 
eminent of your own, as Lowell, Cooke, Goodwin, 
Norton, and Holmes. 

Speaking for myself, if time permitted, I might 
point to features in the surroundings of this place 
which make me, an Old World Cambridge man, feel 
at once almost at home here. But above all I find 
myself among a people whose essential character has 
never changed since their forefathers crossed the sea 
to find a new home and found a New England on 
these shores. They were men wholly devoted to the 
truth as they apprehended it, and resolved to hand 
down their light imimpaired to the generations to 
come. It was this that impelled them to plant the 
flag of freedom in a New World. 

As I entered New York harbor a few days ago, I 
saw a colossal statue of the Goddess of Liberty, bear- 
ing in her hand a torch, which (I was told) was to be 
lighted for the first time on the evening of the follow- 
ing day. I went to see the spectacle, and the thought 
occurred to me that there was a point of view from 
which the symbol of liberty enlightening the world 
was inadequate and open to criticism. It did not 
seem to me to do justice to the self-asserting power of 
the truth, to which the record of all human progress 
testifies, Magna est Veritas et praevalet. Liberty herself 



282 THE ALUMNI DAY. 

is the outcome of enliglitenment. It is the truth that 
makes men free. And therefore you have done well 
to set Veritas at the centre of your college seal, as on 
the badges that we wear to-day. 

But I must be sparing of my words when so many 
are still to be called upon to address you. May Har- 
vard live on to keep many such jubilees as this ; and 
may the Cambridge of the East and the Cambridge of 
the West remain ever one in heart and mind as they 
are one in name. 

The President said : Brethren, I have the pleasure of 
informing you that we have most kind messages from the 
University of Oxford and from the University of Heidelberg, 
which you will see in our published proceedings. The Uni- 
versity of Edinburgh is present by a delegate, whom you will 
all most gladly welcome. I have the pleasure of introducing 
the Right Hon. Sir Lyon Playfair. 

SPEECH OF LYON PLAYFAIR. 

Delegate from the Universiti/ of Edinburgh. 

I AM sure that the University of Edinburgh, which 
I have the honor to represent on this occasion, will be 
pleased to learn that you have thought its delegate 
worthy to receive an honorary degree from your 
University. There has long been a friendly feeling 
between the two universities. In 1771, when your 
great Bostonian, Benjamin Franklin, visited Edin- 
burgh, he drew attention to the remarkable progress 
which Harvard University was then making. At his 
recommendation, the University of Edinburgh con- 
ferred honorary degrees on Dr. Cooper and Professor 



LYON PLAYFAIR'S SPEECH. 283 

Wintlirop of Harvard, as well as on Dr. Stiles of Yale. 
Ever since then tliere has been a loving sympathy 
between Harvard and Edinburgh. In some points 
they are alike in the character of their studies, but 
in others they are as different as the two countries 
in which they are placed. 

In America you have a boundless extent of temtory, 
with every variety of climate and produce. That is 
not the case in Scotland. We are a small country, 
with high mountain ranges, having an arid soil and 
bleak climate. Our coasts are inhospitable, and 
washed by an ocean always melancholy, but often 
rendered tempestuous by the keen northern winds. 
Coal and iron exist in only one corner of the coun- 
try, in quantity insufficient to give to it a man- 
ufacturing character. Nevertheless, Scotland is a 
prosperous nation ; and its contentment and pros- 
perity are due to its schools and four universities. 
For many years it was thought to be a pious duty 
of the Scotch Church to find out boys of talent, or in 
the language of my countrymen, "laddies of pregnant 
pairts," who were sent up to the universities from the 
farthest parts of Scotland if their mental pregnancy 
was assured, and they were maintained by church 
collections, bursaries, or subscriptions. Thus our uni- 
versities got a practical character very different from 
those of England, and are in actual touch with its 
whole population. Oxford and Cambridge could 
caiTy on education for its own sake ; but the Scotch 
universities based their instruction on the learned 
professions, which have been liberalized by academic 



284 THE ALUMNI DAY. 

teaching and academic influences. The English uni- 
versities are attended by rich students ; the Scotch 
universities by poor students. The difference as to 
the result was that English universities aimed at 
teaching its graduates to s][)end a thousand pounds 
a }'ear with dignity and intelligence, while the Scotch 
universities taught men to make a thousand pounds a 
year with dignity and intelligence. 

If I read the history and practice of Harvard Uni- 
versity aright, you stand midway between these two 
systems. You have many men of wealth in this 
country, and you are trying to impress upon their 
sons the dignity of learning and the duty of advanc- 
ing knowledge by research and original investigations. 
Your museums, your laboratories, your observatories 
are admirably calculated to give instruction and to 
assist in advancing the boundaries of science. But 
your country is at the same time characterized by 
its industrial activities, and you have not lost sight 
of your duty to give sound experimental knowledge 
to those who are to engage in them, leaving detailed 
instruction to such institutions as the remarkable 
Technological College of Boston. This combination 
of teaching knowledge for itself with a view to high 
purposes of human development, and at the same time 
of showing how it may be applied to the useful pur- 
poses of life, especially in the learned professions, is 
a wise conception of a university in a country of such 
remarkable progress as the United States. 

I am proud, by the degree which you have con- 
ferred uj^on me, now to belong to Harvard Uni- 



TIMOTHY DWIGHT'S SPEECH. 285 

versity, which is so remarkable for its fulfilment in 
the past, and which has so much promise of devel- 
opment in the future. Bacon calls universities some- 
times the eyes, sometimes the lanthorns of a nation. 
May Harvard University long be a lanthorn, — a 
Pharos founded on the rock of democracy, — clearly 
burning and brightly shining, so as to indicate to a 
country pf wonderful growth and prosperity that the 
expansion of its public intellect and the advancement 
of the boundaries of knowledge for its own sake and 
not merely for its applications, are the highest duty 
and highest boast of modern civilization. 

The President said : Brethren, we have received from San 
Francisco a most kind message, that all our graduates on the 
Pacific coast propose to dine together this evening at 7 o'clock. 
1 assumed that I had your authority to say to them that the 
brethren assembled in these college halls sent them their most 
cordial congratulations. 

And now, brethren, I propose to you : " Our Sister Universi- 
ties, Colleges, and Schools ! Wherever in the broad land their 
temples rise, we send them salutation and greeting, with 
earnest wishes for their prosperity and usefulness." And I 
will ask, as the first response to that toast, that we may hear 
from the Rev. Dr. Dwight, of Yale University. 



SPEECH OF TIMOTHY DWIGHT. 

President of Yale University. 
Mr. President and Gentlemen : 

It is in accordance with a most interesting custom 
which has come down to us from earlier days, that in 
the sentiment just expressed you speak of om- uni- 



286 THE ALUMNI DAY. 

versities as *' sisters." They are sisters in one family, 
for tliey are daughters of a common mother, — the 
Truth. Although as they move onward through the 
course of their life they are separated in their dwelling- 
places, they are yet bound together by a sacred bond ; 
and while they carry the same inheritance along dif- 
ferent pathways, they ever look for the blessing which 
the common mother would bestow upon all alike. 

Of these university sisters in America, Harvard is the 
oldest ; and this is her birthday, her most memorable 
birthday. Through your kind courtesy I am here 
as the representative of the one next younger than 
Harvard in the sisterhood. By a somewhat singular 
coincidence, it chances to be the fact that the oldest 
university except your own sends to you in my person 
the youngest in office among the presidents of all these 
collegiate institutions. It would seem not unfitting 
that it should be so, for when the younger daughters 
come to greet the eldest on her festive day, a beauti- 
ful custom often followed in our households places the 
youngest of all tlie children in the whole circle of the 
family at the head of the procession which is to bear 
the greeting and congratulation. As the youngest of 
these officers in term of service, I present myself 
before you in the name of all, that I may offer to 
you our common salutation, and may give expression 
to the wish that Harvard University may go forward 
in a prosperous career for the next two hundred and 
fifty years, and far beyond that period, and may find 
continually increasing success and honor as the years 
and generations pass away. 



TIMOTHY DWIGHT'S SPEECH. 287 

And now, sir, let me say a word or two for myself. 
Of the graduates of Harvard College in its first class, 
1642, two have an ancestral connection with me, 
although I am not a lineal descendant of either of 
them. One of these first graduates was John Wilson, 
who married a daughter of the Rev. Thomas Hooker, 
the first minister of Hartford, Connecticut. Thomas 
Hooker was a direct ancestor of mine. The other 
was George Downing, whose father, Emanuel Down- 
ing, married the sister of John Winthrop ; and the 
daughter of Emanuel Downing and Lucy Winthrop 
I may claim as a direct ancestress of mine. I may 
take to myself, therefore, some share in the inherit- 
ance which belongs to the family of Governor Win- 
throp. And as I find, in looking into the history of 
Harvard College, that when it was first founded a 
provision was made that no meeting of the corpora- 
tion should carry on its business unless Governor 
Winthrop, or the lieutenant-governor, or the treasurer 
of the State should be present, I feel that I have also 
a sort of hereditary claim upon Harvard College itself. 
Certainly I have a present claim upon it, for I discover 
to-day, to my great surprise, that I have become a 
graduate of Harvard College. Let me say, sir, with- 
out offence to my friend President Eliot, that I have 
obtained my degree according to the provisions of 
the elective system, and that during the course which 
has terminated in this degree I have adopted that 
method which some of the enemies of the elective 
and voluntary system charge upon it as one of its 
evils, — namely, I have absented myself from the 



288 THE ALUMNI DAY. 

exercises during the whole period. But notwith- 
standing this, sir, the President declared to joii in 
the moniing exercises that I had graduated with the 
highest honors which the University can bestow. I 
wish, sir, to acknowledge my obligations to the 
elective system. 

As President Eliot and myself are now both of us 
graduates of Harvard College and also of Yale Col- 
lege, what reason, let me ask, can there be why Yale 
College and Harvard College shall not move onward 
side by side into the university life of the future, 
each rejoicing in the other's prosperity ? So far as 
ray efforts and work are concerned,' I am sure that 
there will be no want of generous sj^mpathy and 
friendship between these two oldest universities, for 
the names of honored men of the olden time in the 
history of both — Winthrop and Edwards, in union 
with that which came to me by inheritance — are 
borne by one of my children, a sweet spirit that came 
to my household from the unseen realm a few years 
ago, and thus are familiar to me as words in the daily 
use and conversation of the family life. The name of 
Winthrop speaks of this ancient college; that of 
Edwards is representative of Yale, and also of a 
benediction which Yale gave to Princeton ; and my 
own ancestral name bears witness for Yale College. 
I cannot better close these few words of greeting, 
therefore, than by offering, as the sentiment which I 
personally bring to you, this hearty wish : May these 
universities, these two oldest universities of our coun- 
try, be closely united together ; and may the blessing 



JAMES B. ANGELL'S SPEECH. 289 

of God rest upon tliem as the blessing of God rested 
upon my household when the honored names of which 
I have spoken were united in one within it. 

The President said : Brethren, I shall call up in response 
to the same sentiment the President of the University of 
Michigan, who represents not only the colleges of the West, 
but the great system of instruction which is carried on in 
those universities that are supported, almost if not entirely, 
by the States. I present to you President Angell, of the Uni- 
versity of Michigan. 



SPEECH OF JAMES B. ANGELL. 

President of (he University of Michigan. 

Mr. President, — As a delegate from the young 
"West, having travelled furtlier, I think, than any other 
delegate except our distinguished friends from beyond 
the sea to be here, I feel a certain hesitancy in ac- 
cepting the very honorable and very pleasing duty to 
wliicli you have called me ; for these sister universi- 
ties, a numerous and learned constituency, are many 
of them venerable with years and with honors, and we 
in the West are so very young. Why, sir, our mod- 
esty, our self-depreciating spirit, has been growing 
only about fifty years. Even the modesty of our 
Duluth and Chicago, which have attained such co- 
lossal proportions, have had only half a century in 
which to bring their product to its bright consummate 
flower and fruit. But, sir, I am sure that I worthily 
represent the sister colleges Avhen I say that there is 
not one of them, from the eldest to the very j^oungest, 
which does not delight to recognize their obligations 

19 



290 THE ALUMNI DAY. 

to this elder sister, on whose model we all have 
builded, and at whose shrine we all have kindled our 
lamps. 

We are thankful that we are permitted by your hos- 
pitality to come up here to-day and to join with you 
in expressions of gratitude to the early benefactors of 
this institution ; for we are their debtors hardly less 
than you. The glowing words in which your great 
master of classic eloquence, Edward Everett, when 
fifty years ago he was occupying the chair which you 
adorn to-day, celebrated the first appropriation of the 
General Court to the infant college as the earliest ex- 
ample in history of a people voluntarily taxing them- 
selves for the support of education, are every year 
recited with unction to the legislators of the Western 
States, and, I am happy to say, not without stimulating 
them to imitation of your first legislative assembly. 
The splendid gifts of your Hollises and Holworthys 
from beyond the sea, and of your Harvards and Win- 
throps and Saltonstalls and the whole glorious com- 
pany of their associates on this side of the sea, have, 
like the widow's mite, and like all other hallowed 
gifts, been endowed by God with the blessed power 
of indefinite reproduction in all sections of the land. 
Tlie familiar story of the heroic self-denial with which 
your ancestors, while yet in their new settlement, un- 
furnished with many of the essential comforts of civil- 
ized life, shared their scanty harvests of corn with your 
treasury, and stripped their meagrely-furnished tables 
of their heirlooms of silver and porcelain to aid the 
college, has now these two hundred years been melt- 



JAMES B. ANGELL'S SPEECH. 291 

ing the hearts and kindhng the enthusiasm and un- 
loosing the purse-strings of thousands of men on 
whom the American colleges have depended for their 
very existence. 

The gospel which, we are told, has been preached 
and accepted in these streets, that no Bostonian may 
cherish a reasonable hope of future fehcity until he 
has provided in his will for a generous gift to Har- 
vard, all the rest of us have been proclaiming, mutatis 
mutandis, in the neighborhood of our various colleges. 
And as those of us, out of Massachusetts at least, are 
very orthodox, we have given no man any ground for 
hoping that on this question there is any second 
probation. 

Yet further, — not to speak of your high service to 
us all in holding up the best standard of culture, since 
the limit of time forbids, — we are all under obliga- 
tions to Harvard for her brave experimentations on 
college and university problems. Many here can re- 
call the apathy on such subjects which prevailed in the 
third and fourth decades of this century. Even the 
iconoclastic attacks of my old teacher. Dr. Wayland 
{clarmn et venerahile nomen ! ), when he came thunder- 
ino- down as with the hammer of Thor on old beliefs 
and old ways, hardly startled college circles from the 
traditional belief that the old-faslnoned college curricu- 
lum must be as unchangeable as a Buddhist liturgy. 
But here the movement which George Ticknor started 
long ago finally brought forth results. Especially 
under the present vigorous administration there have 
been such exhaustive study and such courageous ex- 



292 THE ALUMNI DAY. 

perimenting, that the excitement and stir have reached 
even the remotest country college and the most se- 
cluded village academy ; and the discussion of college 
problems divides with the discussion of tariffs, civil 
service reform, and party politics the columns of the 
secular newspapers. This has made an epoch. Never 
before did the college and the people get so near to- 
gether. Those wdio do not accept the doctrines in 
favor here and those who do are alike indebted to 
you, for we have all been stirred. In college life as 
in all life, anything is better than stagnation. Those 
who differ from you have had the profound, the deli- 
cious satisfaction of showing even Harvard that she 
can be in error. Those of us who agree with you in 
the main have had the yet higher satisfaction of enjoy- 
ing your companionship in the new ways. It is 
simple justice to you to say that it is largely due to 
you that educational problems are studied afresh in 
the light of the facts and news of to-day as they 
never were studied before. 

Now, finally, as you have done so much for us in 
the past, we beg you, fresh in your eternal youth, to 
push forward toward that bright goal which ever 
draws us on, — the full development of the American 
university. You have many advantages for marching 
in the van. Be assured no petty jealousies on our 
part shall check you in the race. On the contrary 
we beg you to push on ; we bid you God-speed ! 

The Peesident said : Brethren, we hope to hear from the 
colleges of the South, and, above all, from that most interest- 
ing of universities, — the University of Virginia, connected 



FRANCIS ROBERT RIVES'S SPEECH. 293 

SO intimately with the name of Thomas Jefferson ; and it is 
with great pleasure that I announce that Mr. Francis R. Rives 
is present as delegate from the University of Virginia, and I 
hope we may hear a few words from him. 



SPEECH OP FRANCIS ROBERT RIVES. 

Me. President, — The University on whose behalf 
I am present is but a child beside the venerable an- 
tiquity of Harvard and other institutions of learning 
here represented ; and it is a proverb, you know, that 
childi'en should be seen and not heard. But, sir, the . 
cordial kindness with which you have called upon me 
leads me to speak, — at least for a moment. 

The author of the Declaration of Independence was 
the father of the University of Virginia, and the high 
estimation in which he held Harvard is attested by his 
earnest efforts, unsuccessful though they were, to have 
among its first professors your Bowditch and your 
Ticknor. He then turned to that fruitful source of 
inspiration to your early founders, — the Cambridge 
of Old England. That far-seeing philosopher pro- 
vided that every student of the University of Virginia 
should be free to attend the schools of his choice. 
He did this more than sixty years ago ; and in some 
respects at least you of Harvard have of late adopted 
his pro\asion, by giving a wider election in academic 
studies. He also, as naturally became the author of 
the statutes of Virginia for religious freedom, guarded 
against any obligatory a,ttendance upon public wor- 
ship; and I think I may say to you in reference to 



294 THE ALUMNI DAY. 

your recent regulation on this subject, that, from our 
experience, it will conduce to the cause of true re- 
ligion. 

Mr. President, I shall go back to Virginia and tell 
with what joy I saw Harvard to-day confer the de- 
gree of Doctor of Laws upon one who was for a long 
time a most honored professor in the University of 
Virginia. That University would have performed the 
same office for him, but that Mr. Jefferson, in the 
rules he prescribed for its government, had abso- 
lutely prohibited the conferring of any honorary de- 
gree ; and I note with interest that within the past 
fortnight a distinguished University of the North has 
decided in future to prohibit, for itself, the granting 
of honorary degrees. 

I hope, sir, with ardent hope, that Harvard may 
live in prosperity to celebrate with ever increasing 
glory its full millennial anniversary ; and that between 
Harvard and the University which I have the honor to 
represent the ties of friendship may grow closer and 
closer as time flies on. 

The President said : Brethren, I desire to call your atten- 
tion not only to our scholars, but to those of our graduates 
and of our friends from other colleges who have rendered 
public service in the halls of legislation and in other of its 
most important transactions. I give you : " The public 
service ! The contribution of true, wise, and learned men 
which Harvard has heretofore made to its needs has been 
large and generous. It will not be diminished hereafter." 
And I respectfully ask Senator Hoar to respond to this 
sentiment. 



GEORGE F. HOAR'S SPEECH. 295 



SPEECH OP GEORGE P. HOAR. 

United States Senator from Massachusetts. 

Your courtesy, Mr. President, which never fails, 
finds many devices to justify the exercise of your 
authority. But I wish to speak here, to-day, only by 
my most honorable and precious title, — that of a son 
and a lover of Harvard. For the last fifty years the 
college has made few contributions, in number, to 
the public life of the country. There have been but 
three of her graduates in the Senate of the United 
States since Mr. Everett left it in 1854. There have 
been but five for fifty years. Whether this be bad 
for her or not, I will not undertake to say. It has 
been in my judgment bad for the public service. 

But, after all. Harvard has contributed her full 
share of those things by which the generations are 
remembered. We have had lessons enough to make 
us cautious of accepting contemporary judgments. 
But as they recede, the time comes when the gene- 
rations of men are compared with each other. What is 
accidental and passing disappears. The world makes 
its permanent and commonly final estimate of the 
great forces and the great men who determine the 
current of history. 

I think it must be admitted that whenever, from the 
beginning of our history, Massachusetts has had a 
primacy or leadership in the country. Harvard has 
furnished leadership to Massachusetts. In the day of 
the Puritans, when the foundations of empire were 



296 THE ALUMNI DAT. 

laid, the college was not so much tlie cliild of the 
Commonwealth as part of the Commonwealth itself. 
The church, the general court, the town, the college, 
were the four voices by which the State spoke. 

If you come to the great debate of liberty which 
decided tlie Revolution before a gun was fired, the 
six men, Avith whom no other Massachusetts name of 
that generation is mentioned — John Hancock and 
Sam Adams, Joseph Warren and James Otis, John 
Adams and Josiah Quincy — were all Harvard men. 

Massachusetts divides with Virginia the foremost 
honors of the Revolution. She has no rivals for the 
greater honor of forming and instructing that popular 
sentiment which gave freedom to the slave. Here, 
perhaps, the leadership of Harvard men is less exclu- 
sive. But she contributed to that cause Dr. Channing, 
John Quincy Adams, President Quincy, Charles Sum- 
ner, Richard Dana, Wendell Philli]3s, tlie Muse of 
Longfellow, the wit of Hosea Biglow, — that brave 
little kinsr-bird who used to drive the buzzards from 

o 

the sky, — the pen of Palfrey, who attacked slavery 
with a vigor that Junius never reached, and with a 
moral purpose of which he was incapable. 

It is hazardous, for me I am afraid it is presimiptu- 
ous, to undertake to say what posterity will regard as 
the glory of Harvard and of Massachusetts for the gen- 
eration which is now passing from the stage. As we 
look back upon medissval Italy, four laurelled heads 
come out upon the canvas. So it seems to me that 
when almost everything else that we are doing or say- 
ing is forgotten, our group of six famous poets, — all 



GEORGE F. HOAR'S SPEECH. 297 

of tliem sons of Massachusetts, three of them sons of 
Harvard by nurture, and one, yes, now two by adop- 
tion, — will still be shining in the sky. Science will 
remember Ag-assiz. She will not forget Peirce, the 
inhabitant without a companion of the lofty domain 
of higher mathematics, — 

" A privacy of glorious light is tliine.'' 

But still, and above all, the blessing shall be theirs 
and the eternal praise — 

" Who gave us nobler loves and nobler cares, — 
The Poets, who on earth have made us heirs 
Of truth and pure delight by heavenly lays." 

One of the best things about these eminent men 
of letters of our time is their cordial and affectionate 
relation with one other. They do not seem to have 
descended from the genus irritahile vatum. Each of 
them is at his best when he is sioeaking of the others. 
If I were to select the finest specimen of Campbell's 
genius, it would be a passage of matchless prose. If 
of our brother Dr. Holmes, it would be his tributes to 
Longfellow and Emerson. When our brother left off 
the poet and took on the prophet this morning at the 
close of his poem, in contemplating the glories of 
Harvard at the end of the next fifty years, I noticed 
even he did not venture to predict that they would 
get a better poem or a better oration than we have 
had to-day. 

So I think, my friends, we may fairly claim, when 
we come to compare the generations with each other, 
that there is something which has come from the col- 
lege, a certain unmistakable Harvard leaven, which in 



298 THE ALUMNI DAY. 

Massachusetts and in the country has leavened the 
whole lump. There is one thing that can be said, and 
should be said, about this Harvard leaven, — that is that 
it holds out, and keeps fresh, and lasts through. We 
hear a good deal nowadays about young men's move- 
ments, and young men's parties, and what young men 
want and feel. I have noticed it is commonly said by 
men who are getting well on to fifty, and whose hair 
is growing thin on the top. I can speak, and I have a 
right to speak, now forty years out of college, for the 
old men among the sons of Harvard. I think the old 
Harvard men, of any period, might without vanity 
invite their younger brethren to a friendly com^^ari- 
son either of service or character, where the test shall 
be any one of the qualities — courage, enthusiasm, en- 
ergy, generosity, faith — of whicli youth sometimes 
claims the monopoly. That is a pretty poor style of 
character, that is a pretty poor style of instruction, 
which does not make men grow better as they grow 
old. The love of liberty, the love of justice, the sense 
of duty, the sense of honor cannot have been deeply 
planted, they find no congenial element in the soul 
where they do not brighten as they burn, — darescunt 
urendo. It was the gray-haired clergy of Massachu- 
setts at whose knees the patriots of the Revolution 
learned the lesson of constitutional liberty. It was 
the gray-haired John Quincy Adams who breasted 
the stormy waves of the House of Eepresentatives 
at eighty-three. The Josiah Quincy who saw the be- 
ginning and who foresaw the end of the Revolution, 
and died at thirty ; the Josiah Quincy who saw the 



GEORGE F. HOAR'S SPEECH. 299 

beginning and who foresaw the end of the Rebellion, 
and died at ninety, — were of the same spirit, though, if 
anything, the man of ninety was the younger of the two. 
It may be that age cools the hearts of common men. 
But for men tempered by the best Harvard training 
the saying of Pericles is still true : '' The love of honor 
alone is ever young ; and not riches, as some say, but 
honor, is the delight of men when they are old." 

Another lesson we may draw from the birthday of 
this vigorous life which spans so large a part of what 
is remembered of the world's history. It is a lesson 
which men of wealth who desire an honest usefulness 
or an honorable fame may well heed. That is, that 
the one safest and most permanent thing in this world 
is an institution of learning, wisely founded. What- 
ever perish, that shall endure. There is no memory 
more pleasant among men than that of its benefactors. 
There is no monument like a portrait upon its walls. 
There is no gratitude better worth having than that 
felt by successive generations toward those to whom 
they owe their education. There is scarcely an excep- 
tion in England, and none in America. I do not for- 
get the College of William and Mary in Virginia, next 
to Harvard in age, once not behind her in influence, — 
the colleofe of Jefferson and Marshall and Monroe and 
Winfield Scott ; mother of three presidents ; to whom, 
as her chancellor, Washington gave his last public 
service, and which was destroyed in the Civil War. 
The stout-hearted old President still rings the morn- 
ing bell and keeps the charter alive. I would salute 
him to-day from Harvard, not knowing any act of 



300 THE ALUMNI DAY. 

fidelity more delightful to gaze upon; and I would 
rejoice more than in any public honor or private 
good fortune which could come to me, if I might 
live to see the old historic college of Virginia endowed 
anew with the liberal aid of the sons of Harvard. 

But I ought not to speak any longer. The lesson 
of this hour is hope, not retrospect. May Harvard 
continue to send forth her manly children to wrestle 
with the new centuries as they have with the old, 
until time shall be no more. May she continue as 
ever to train them for leadership in the Common- 
wealth in all noble and lofty paths. May she con- 
tinue to teach them reverence for the Republican life 
of which they are to form a part, and for the great 
history of whose glory they are inheritors. 

Here followed the playing of Keller's " American Hymn " 
by the Cadet Band, after which the President said : Brethren, 
I am sure that if you remember the earlier portion of the 
remarks of Senator Hoar, who has just sat down, you will 
know that the names which now first rush to my lips must 
be those of the orator and poet of to-day. They have added 
heavily to the obligation which we have heretofore been under 
to them. I hope that Professor Lowell will be kind enough 
to say a few words. 



SPEECH OF JAMES RUSSELL LOWELL. 
Mr. President, and Brethren of the Alumni: 

You, sir, have alluded to the phrase with which 
Senator Hoar began his speech. You will allow me 
to allude to the phrase with which he closed ; namely, 
that thi? occasion is rather one for hope than retro- 



JAMES RUSSELL LOWELL'S SPEECH. 301 

spect. You cannot expect me, at this time of the 
afternoon, and after a ceitain amount of fatigue this 
morning, to detain you long. But I wish to be al- 
lowed to indulge in one moment of retrospect, which 
combines in itself also the element of hope. I think 
it was just fifty years ago that I received the honor 
from the Faculty of Harvard College of first address- 
ing the University. Four minutes were assigned to 
me, in which I was to define to the best of my ability 
the relative merits of Homer and Virgil as epic poets. 
I have no doubt that a great many of the important 
things that I said in that dissertation are fresh in the 
memory of my classmate, our President, and they 
probably influenced his thought to a certain extent; 
but I cannot help thinking that this morning was the 
first time that I really had an opportunity ofi'ered me 
to revenge myself for that parsimony of fifty years 
ago, and I have some apprehension that I revenged 
myself a little too amply. But I beg you to believe 
that I omitted all the best part of my address. 

That has always been associated in my mind, — not 
the dissertation assigned me, but I mean the period of 
fifty years ago is most intimately associated in my 
mind with my first literary sensation, certainly my 
first genuine one. That was at the Phi Beta in 1836, 
when a young gentleman, fresh from Europe and from 
the study of medicine there, delivered a poem. I can 
see him as if it were but yesterday. I was then, I 
believe, just ending my Sophomore year. I was one 
of the delighted throng that heard him. I remember 
with what wonderful spirit and precision that poem 



302 THE ALUMNI DAY. 

was delivered. I can still repeat some of tlie admirable 
verses I then heard. I remember how they brought 
down the house. Dear me ! they don't bring down 
houses now as they did then. How well I remember 
the alert figure, the brown hair, the bright gray eyes 
of the poet ! Since that time my friend Dr. Holmes 
seems to have gone out incautiously into a snowstorm 
without his hat, — an imprudence which a medical man 
would forbid to an3'^body else ; but I could not help 
thinking this morning that the poem was delivered 
with nearly all of the old spirit, with the same force 
and the same precision and clearness of speech as fifty 
years ago. I allude to it, not to compliment him, — 
for I am sure he does not need it, — but simply, as I 
say, because it points to a certain hope connected with 
a certain retrospect, that some of us may attain in full 
vigor the next jubilee of Harvard. But I shall not 
detain you any longer now, because, as I told you, 
T am not quite so fresh as I was this morning, and 
I am largely to blame if you also are not quite so 
fresh. So you will allow me to yield to my friend 
Dr. Holmes, who will entertain you much better 
than I can. 



SPEECPI OF OLIVER WENDELL HOLMES. 

Dr. Holmes said that he had been writing in verse 
so much of late that he found it hard to say anything 
in prose. He was like a sailor just landed, with his 
sea-legs on. He would content himself with a few 
words respecting his own share in the centennial of 



OLIVER WENDELL HOLMES'S SPEECH. 303 

1836. '^ It was suggested to me," he said, '* by the 
late Dr. Jacob Bigelow, liimself the writer of the capi- 
tal Latin song beginning — 

* Qui alicujus gradus laurea donati estis,' 

that I should write a song to the tune, then a very- 
familiar one, of ' The Poachers.' This I did, and suno- 
it myself, though a vocalist of very limited power. 
You may be willing to hear a verse or two from this 
production, which was sent too late for insertion to the 
publishing committee of the celebration of 1836." 

Dr. Holmes then repeated two or three verses which 
he happened to remember ; among them were the three 
which follow : — 

When the Puritans came over, 

Our hills and swamps to clear, 
The woods w^ere full of catamounts, 

And Indians red as deer, 
With tomahawks and scalping-lcnives 

That make folks' heads look queer; 
Oh, the ship from England used to bring 

A hundred wigs a year ! 

And who was on the Catalogue 

When College was begun ? 
Two nephews of the President, 

And the Professor's son 
(They turned a little Indian by, 

As brown as any bun) ; 
Lord I how the Seniors knocked about 

The freshman class of one ! 

God bless the ancient Puritans ! 

Their lot was hard enough ; 
But honest hearts make iron arms. 

And tender maids are tough ; 
So love and faith have formed and fed 

Our true-born Yankee stuff, 
And keep the kernel in the shell 

The British found so rough ! 



304 THE ALUMNI DAY. 

The President said : Our next sentiment is, " A learned 
and pious clergy, — at all times and everywhere the most 
efficient friends of education." The Rev, Dr. Hitchcock, who 
was to respond, has been compelled to retire. We hope, how- 
ever, that he will furnish the speech for our memorial report 
which he would have made.^ 

I give you now : " Progress in literature has brought to the 
many the refined enjoyment of letters which once were the 
property of a limited class." I invite Professor Gildersleeve 
of Johns Hopkins University to say a word. 



SPEECH OF BASIL LANNEAU GILDERSLEEYE. 

Professor in Johns Hopkins University. 

If there is one thing more perplexing to the mind 
of the after-dinner speaker than another, it is the 
problem of his special fitness for the part that has 
been assigned to him. At least this is what they all 
say in words or in effect ; and being myself a reluctant 
and infrequent intruder into this peculiar province of 

^ The following note was later received : 

Union Theological Seminary, 1200 Park Avenue, 
New York City, Feb. 1, 1887. 

Dear Sir, — I should be very sorry to seem to be at all disloyal to an 
occasion of so much interest to me personally as your Quarter-Millennial 
Commemoration. 

As I told Judge Devens, I had a brief of what I proposed to say after 
dinner, but as usual it was only a brief; and I got the impression that, on 
the whole, you found it best to report only what was actually said. So I let 
the nascent birds — whether owls or eagles — fly away. I was intending 
to say something about the relative rank of the so-called learned professions 
as affected by the growth, and by the changes, of our civilization. But as 
you have so much to report, I think you had better accept simply the as- 
surance of my most cordial good-will. 

Yours very truly, Roswell D. Hitchcock. 

Mr. Justin Winsor. 



BASIL LANNEAU GILDERSLEEVE'S SPEECH. 305 

oratory, I cannot do better than to follow the example 
of more practised men, and wonder why I should be 
called on to respond to the sentiment of the progress 
of literatm-e. To many my chief recommendation 
will be the character of my special studies ; for the 
votary of the dead languages is popularly supposed to 
be subdued to what he works in, until he becomes a 
dead thing, until he turns to a manner of stake or mile- 
stone or finger-post, or some such conservative fixture, 
so that he may well answer as a point of reference for 
more progressive studies, — just as a fetich-worshipper 
might be chosen as a point of departure for the devel- 
opment of the religious idea. But to some besides 
myself, if I may judge by what I have heard to-day, 
the value of classical study as the measure of literary 
progress is not that of the milestone which is left be- 
hind, but that of the vernier that follows the sweep 
of the telescope through the heavens ; and the words 
of a great master of letters are still ringing in our 
ears : " Only those languages can properly be called 
dead in which nothing living has been written." 
With this comforting reassurance, I should approach 
my task with greater confidence if I were not appalled 
by the lateness of the hour, and with the reflection that 
I can have nothing to add to what has been better said 
in your hearing. 

When the progress of literature is spoken of, we 
mean, of course, the progress of literatui-e during the 
last two hundred and fifty years, — for we measure 
everything to-day by the standard of Harvard; we 
mean the period that nearly touches Bacon's essays at 

20 



306 THE ALUMNI DAY. 

one end and overlaps Emerson's essays at tlie other ; 
the period that spans the youth of the satirist Dryden 
and tlie maturity of the satirist Lowell ; that lauo-hs 
in its first half-century at the wit of Butler and is 
radiant in its last half-century with the wit of Holmes. 
Now, you will not expect me to work out the history 
of literature for the last two hundred and fifty years 
at the rate of fifty years a minute for the past, with no 
margin at all for the boundless future; and you will 
be more than satisfied with the simple statement of 
my thesis, which has been abundantly proved and 
abundantly illustrated by others to-day. 

The history of the literature in which we are most 
vitally interested is the history of the constant adjust- 
ment of the modern to the antique. That this adjust- 
ment is to end in the elimination of the antique I do 
not in the least believe. There will always be a 
corner left somewhere for Greek (there will always 
be a corner left here), from which Greek will con- 
tinue to govern our world, even if it ceases to reign 
over so large a number of titular subjects, and there 
is to be a new renaissance, very unlike externally to 
the old renaissance, yet not less potent nor less for- 
mative. What that earlier renaissance was, with all 
its glowing acceptance of antique literature as a fair 
creation restored from the dead; what the glorious 
Elizabethan period was, with its unrivalled opulence 
and splendor of achievement, — does not enter into the 
scope of our vision to-day. All this was OA^er when 
Harvard came into being ; and it is not necessary to 
ask what the classics were to Valla, to Politian, or 



BASIL LANNEAU GILDERSLEEVE'S SPEECH. 307 

what the classics were to Shakespeare. But what they 
were to the generations that have followed Shake- 
speare is faithfully recorded in the register of your 
University ; for the power of Harvard lies in discern- 
ing the signs of the times, and in a wise adaptation to 
the changing relations of the world in which men live. 
Now, no one can claim a special charm for the transi- 
tion period in which Harvard was founded. It was, 
as we know, a period of sobering down from the 
intoxication of thought and fancy in which the long 
symposium of the Elizabethan age had culminated. 
The classics were to be no longer an inspiration but 
a corrective ; and generation after generation had to 
pass before English literature felt the stirrings of the 
true life of Greece. Of learning there was no lack in 
the seventeenth century ; but in the beginning of the 
eighteentli Greek studies languished, and your classi- 
cal scholar garnished his essays with scraps from Latin 
poets whom a robust genius like Scaliger despised. On 
the breaking up of the fountains of the great deep, 
towards the close of the last century, the pent-up 
streams of Greek poetry brought their crystal clear- 
ness and their refreshing" coolness to brig-liten and 
sweeten the current of our literature. No pseudo- 
classicism this, but a real classicism ; not a mechani- 
cal rule, but a vital principle, — a principle for which 
we should be the better if every Greek book were 
chained up and the study of Greek permitted only by 
special license. 

How profoundly our recent literature is penetrated 
by Greek influence, how steadily Greek laws of ai'tis- 



308 THE ALUMNI DAY. 

tic work are finding- their way to practical acceptance, 
I need not say here, where that influence, where those 
laws, have been and are so fully felt, so admirably 
exemplified. I will only say that if the progress of 
literatm-e is distinctly in the direction of subtile and 
refined workmanship ; if the excellence of American 
literature lies in the fine outline and the delicate tint, 
— we owe this progress, we owe this excellence, to 
the deeper and truer study, not of all the various 
nationalities with which the universality of the nine- 
teenth century has brought us into sympathy : we 
owe this progress, this excellence, directly or medi- 
ately to the deeper and truer study of the great classic 
masters of form. The grandsons of the men that 
studied the polities of Greek states, of Greek federa- 
tions, when they were laying the foundations of the 
republic that was to be, have sought the eternal princi- 
ples of art on the same soil ; and the American litera- 
ture that is, and that is to be, owes to Harvard and 
the sons of Harvard a debt which a stranger can 
record more emphatically than those who cannot 
praise Harvard without praising themselves. 

Here, then, thanks to the permeation of all serious 
work with the spirit of that serious play which is the 
cultivation of artistic form, — here, then, wherever 
else we may have had our training, the man of letters 
finds a second home ; and when Harvard stands, where 
Heidelberg stood the other day, at the end of her 
semi-millennium, may lineal hands still uphold her 
standard, which has led thus far in the line of true 
literary progress. 



GEORGE WILLIAM CURTIS'S SPEECH. 309 

The President said : There is a gentleman at our table 
who is not of our graduates, but one of our honorarii, over 
whom I claim to exercise the authority you have given me as 
your President; and I invite Mr. George William Curtis 
to give us a few words. 



SPEECH OF GEORGE WILLIAM CURTIS. 

I HAVE never been more impressed than to-day 
with the truth of the saying-, ''To him who liath shall 
be given." Everybody knows that to be a son of 
Harvard is in itself good fortune. But whoever is 
happy enough to be here to-day must acknowledge 
that to all other good fortunes must now be added, not 
only the felicity of coming here to salute the Mother 
upon her two hundred and fiftieth anniversary, but of 
finding her two hundred and fifty times fairer and 
stronger and more beloved than ever before. Still 
more, while he walks about this Zion, telling her 
towers, marking her bulwarks, and counting her pal- 
aces, if he catches a glimpse of the modest Annex he 
is still happier in knowing that as his ever-young 
Motlier starts to complete her third century, the spell 
of old tradition which commanded her to bring forth 
men children only is broken forever. 

But who shall dare to speak now that Harvard her- 
self has spoken by two of the most illustrious among 
her living voices, which are endeared to every gener- 
ous heart wherever our language is spoken, — voices 
sweet and true to the old English faith and spirit 
which hummed '' God save the King" from Plymouth 
Rock to Lexington Green, and '' Yankee Doodle " 



310 THE ALUMNI DAY. 

from Concord Bridge to the Appomattox apple-tree; 
one of wliicli has steadily helped the world to go 
right by " hollerin' out, Gee ! " at the proper time, 
and never more clearly than to-day ; while the other 
has set our flag to music, and, victorious over cir- 
cumstances, has sung itself into immortality in a 
*' one-hoss shay." 

No toast could be more suggestive than your toast, 
but happily there is no need of my speaking. The 
orator and the poet of the day are its happiest living 
illustrations. Yet I remember that these are the 
Academic groves in which the earliest notes of our 
literature were heard, and here in his $ B K address 
in 1809 Buckminster predicted its glorious dawn. 
Here too, in 1821, Bryant spoke his <I> B K poem, 
and led the voices which broke into the chorus that 
filled our spacious air " with sounds which echo still." 
In the morning light of our literature in which we live 
you may judge the part of Harvard if you remember 
that Dana and Everett, and Sparks and Channing, and 
Bancroft and Prescott, Motley and Ticknor, Palfrey 
and Parkman and Emerson, Holmes and Lowell were 
her sons ; that here Longfellow taught, and, that noth- 
ing may be wanting, she has to-day twined into her 
chaplet of unfading flowers the pure white rose of 
Whittier's fame. 

It is pleasant, coming from the State and city and 
river of Washington Irving, to pay tribute to an insti- 
tution in which so many of our chiefs in literature 
were trained. But you will not forget that while the 
characteristic earnestness and sober harmonies of that 



GEORGE WILLIAM CURTIS'S SPEECH. 311 

literature are due to New England, its gay allegro 
movement began in New York. The sombre "Thana- 
topsis " of Bryant was contemporary with the rollick- 
ing glee of ''Knickerbocker's History." But in the 
"Last Leaf" of Holmes the sparkle of humor began 
to play on the shadowy surface of the New England 
stream. In the " Biglow Papers " the old Puritanic 
genius, mellowed and disenthralled, brought up laugh- 
ter and remorseless wit as the resistless ally of the 
public conscience. The smiling Irving had suddenly 
great and significant co-laborers, who played on his 
sweet pipe an unwonted tune. The Hudson and the 
Charles flowed at a level, — 

" And Jura answered from her misty shroud 
Back to the joyous Alps, that called to her aloud ! " 

New York, Mr. President, — your mighty imperial 
neighbor, with her immense population, resources, and 
prosperity, — has been always careless of her own re- 
nown, and like one of the old Dutch burghers who 
settled New Amsterdam, she has been content to sit 
smoking upon her stoop, looking kindly upon her 
great neighbors to the right and left, — Pennsylvania 
and Ohio and New England, — hearing the story of 
their greatness without malice, without envy, and with 
hearty sympathy and good cheer. She is very sure 
that the voice of Columbia, — the college of Hamilton 
and Jay, of Livingston and Gouverneur Morris, — 
must awaken a kindred echo in the college of Samuel 
Adams, of James Otis, and of Josiah Quincy. She 
listens to the Revolutionary legends of Middlesex, 



312 THE ALUMNI DAY. 

not unmindful of Saratoga or of the city of New 
York where the national government began. She ac- 
knowledges with gratitude that Boston first taught 
the young New-Yorker his Latin grammar, and that 
Harvard was nearly one hundred and twenty years 
old when her first college was founded; and her 
Dutch heart remembers with pride that the settlers of 
New England brought a great treasure from Dutch 
Ley den, and that Holland gave to New England one 
of the chief guarantees of liberty in giving her the 
common school. 

Mr. President, you see before you a multitude of 
alumni from many colleges, to each of whom his own 
alma mater is as dear as Harvard to you and your 
associates. But as all our great days in this country 
are national days ; as they are great because they 
make us greater, and bind more closely and indisso- 
lubly the common American brotherhood, so that we 
say with Patrick Henry, '' I am not a Virginian, a 
New-Yorker, a Massachusetts man, but I am an 
American," — so on the day which commemorates the 
original establishment of the higher education in this 
country, tlie education which in every age and coun- 
try has been the crown of its civilization, and here 
in the actual benignant presence of the original 
American alma mater, they do not say, " I am a son 
of Yale or Princeton, of Brown or Columbia, of Mich- 
igan or Pennsylvania," but proudly and fondly they 
declare, " I am a grandson, or great-grandson, or 
great-great-grandson of old Harvard, the common 
Mother of us all." 



ALEXANDER AGASSIZ'S SPEECH. 313 

The President proposed as a sentiment, " The advancement 
of Science," which was responded to as follows : 



SPEECH OF ALEXANDER AGASSIZ. 

Curator of the Museum of Comparative Zoology. 

Mr. President, and Brethren of the Alumni : 

While all the Alumni unite in the commemoration 
of our two hundred and fiftieth anniversary, it has 
a special interest for the men of science, because in 
the last fifty years — the half-century we celebrate 
to-day — tlie greater number of the scientific depart- 
ments of Harvard have sprung into existence. 

Forty years ago two departments of science, now 
developed into the Botanic Garden and the Observa- 
tory, had already taken root liere. With the estab- 
lishment of the Lawrence Scientific School, founded 
in 1847, a wider scheme of scientific activity was 
initiated, represented to-day by the Chemical and 
Pliysical Laboratories and by the Museums of Natural 
History, each one greater than the modest structure 
which first comprised them all. In fact, science at 
Harvard, on its present basis, has grown up within the 
memory of her yet living sons. Antiquated we may 
be, it is true, for many of us have reached the age 
when, according to the President of the University, 
our usefulness is nearly over ; but we are still young 
in devotion to our Alma Mater. 

We well remember the time when the struggling 
scientific departments were good-naturedly tolerated 



314 THE ALUMNI DAY. 

as the harmless amusements of enthusiastic fanatics, 
if they were not more harshly criticised as costly 
excrescences. But those times are past, and we re- 
joice to believe that the scientific departments are now 
admitted as an integral part of the University, becom- 
ing ever more identified with her progress. The men 
who founded them — most of whom have now passed 
away — would themselves be surprised to-day to see 
the far-reaching results of their work. Truly, '' they 
builded better than they knew." 

In nothing has the American method been so plain- 
ly exhibited as in the growth of seats of learning all 
over this country. It is true that the multiplying of 
such institutions may go too far, and may tend to 
scatter the intellectual force of the country. But, on 
the other hand, they take a strong hold upon local 
sentiment ; and not one of the well-directed individual 
efforts that have dotted the country over with colleges 
and technical schools has failed to be sustained by the 
spontaneous action of enlightened communities. 

In our meeting of to-day we cannot but feel that 
Harvard, with her ever-widening scope, has been the 
centre from which this national intellectual activity 
has spread. Although science recognizes no local 
limits, yet every country must develop its own educa- 
tional centres. They cannot be imported ; they must 
be the growth of the soil, in harmony M^th the best 
spirit of the nation and of its institutions. It is in this 
sense that the highest seats of learning now growing 
up among us, relying entirely upon the affection and 
appreciation of the people about them, seem to me 



WEIR MITCHELLS SPEECH. 315 

more truly national tlian any single institution could 
be wliicli was under tlie patronage of our central 
government. Sucli protection is given only at tlie 
cost of intellectual independence. It is true that the 
well-organized German Universities, so influential in 
the development of science, are based upon govern- 
ment support; but they owe their success less to 
this official patronage than to their system of decen- 
tralization, combined with well-directed concentration ; 
while the even more powerful influence of Eng- 
land upon the growth of science has been due to 
the genius of individuals rather than to her wealthy 
universities. Borrowing what is best from each of 
these examples, but adapting their methods to our 
own national conditions, so different from those of 
Europe, this, the oldest University of the land, may 
now challenge her transatlantic sisters to a friendly 
rivalry in the development of the highest scientific 
culture. 

The Peesident said : We have remembered the clergy. 
We would not part without remembering our two other great 
schools. I give you therefore, " The Science of Medicine 
and Surgery ! " and I call upon Dr. Weir Mitchell, of 
Philadelphia, to say a word. 



SPEECH OF WEIR MITCHELL. 

Mr. President, and Gentlemen : 

I HAVE been desired to say a word. If I had been 
limited to this, I should perhaps be rather happier. 



316 THE ALUMNI DAY. 

The doctor, however, is accustomed to come when he 
is called on, and in the expiring hours of a dinner like 
this he is very liable to be brought to the front. You 
can hardly expect when you call upon a practising 
physician like myself on an occasion like this, when 
you bring him from the bedside and the laboratory, 
to hear from him such eloquent words as you have 
heard to-night from some of the immortals, from the 
best of our statesmen, the most brilliant of our orators, 
and the ablest of professors. I shall limit myself 
therefore to a few words, remembering that although 
the doctor is very gladly seen when he makes his first 
appearance, when the time comes for his final exit 
he is much more properly thanked. 

Nothing would be easier for me than to answer 
from my heart for my profession, if that is the call upon 
me ; but to reply in words which befit the occasion I 
find much more difficult. Yet nowhere should it be 
more easy than in Boston to answer for my profes- 
sional brethren. Some notable medical memories are 
always present for me as I cross its historic Common, 
and think of it anew as a rarely beautiful and, in 
places, a picturesque city. Yet whatever charm of 
the aesthetic it may have for me, it has a nobler when 
I remember that it is also the birthplace of the an- 
aesthetic. 

While to you men of Boston it is dear for one 
good reason or another, I think of it as the home of 
that illustrious line of physicians the Warrens ; as 
the city of the Bowditclies; as tlie place where 
James Jackson lived and was honored ; as to-day the 



WEIR MITCHELL'S SPEECH. 317 

home of the greatest living American surgeon, Henry 
Bigeluw. As I came through your outer hall to-day 
I saw many names of physicians written upon those 
tablets which record your peerage of the true and 
brave who died that we might politically live. 

The thought of these men brings back to me what 
an eloquent speaker said here to-night, that every 
Massachusetts signer of the Declaration of Indepen- 
dence was a son of Harvard. Let me remind my 
bretlu*en in this hall that the only physician whose 
name is on that strono^ arraiocnment of the Crown was 
perhaps of all of us the most famous, — Benjamin 
Rush, a Pennsylvanian. 

There is one great reason why our profession 
throughout the land owes to Harvard a heavy debt. 
You have shown that it was possible to remodel in 
the highest sense medical education. It had got into 
grooves where it rolled along quietly for many a year. 
It was due to President Eliot chiefly, I think, that the 
Harvard Medical School reformed its course of educa- 
tion, and set an example for all the medical schools 
throughout the land, — an example which, I am glad 
to say, my own University of Pennsylvania immedi- 
ately followed. 

I have also personally, as a physician, to thank 
Boston for another thing. It is that one of your grad- 
uates, Oliver Wendell Holmes, a man of science and 
a doctor, — for through his long career as poet and 
literary man, he has still kept his position as in some 
sense a doctor, — has emancipated us from the idea that 
the physician is only a person to write prescriptions 



318 THE ALUMNI DAY. 

and get up in the night when called upon ; and has 
given us abundant proof that there are many other 
things that he can do without doing any less well his 
special life-work. 

I am not going to say any more about "Wendell 
Holmes. I think I have observed that at Boston din- 
ners it is quite the custom to say something about 
Holmes, and perhaps about Lowell, and one or two 
other Boston men. But these two gentlemen have 
been buttered on both sides, — I mean on both sides of 
the Atlantic, — and perhaps not even Philadelphia but- 
ter would add to the esteem in which you hold them. 
We are accustomed to be told that you chiefly regard 
and think of Boston men. I, for one, wish in a cer- 
tain sense to contradict this. You will allow me, 
therefore, in parting with you, to say one or two 
fervent words as to a personal matter. The first letter 
that I ever received in recognition of any scientific 
work I had done, came to me when I was a young 
fellow from Oliver Wendell Holmes. He will never 
know how much good it did me. The first honor re- 
ceived by me from a society was from the Boston 
Natural History Society. The second was from the 
American Academy of Sciences in your city. The 
chances of a grave illness deprived me when young 
of the privilege of graduation in arts at my own Uni- 
versity ; and thus it happens that I receive my first 
academic degree from this great school of learning. I 
wish frankly to say that I like it well, and that it is 
doubtful whether any one who received this honor 
to-day is more proud of it than I am. 



JAMES B. THAYER'S SPEECH. 319 

The President said : With so many Doctors of Laws it 
would be quite unpardonable if we forgot the Law. I give 
you, " The Law ! May its administrators, professors, and 
students fully realize that justice founded upon reason is its 
only life." And I will ask Professor Thayer to respond. 



SPEECH OF JAMES B. THAYER. 

Professor in the Law School. 

Mr. President, and Gentlemen : 

It was a remarkable step to begin the breeding of 
lawj^ers at Harvard College. If there was anything 
that the founders of this institution did not wish to 
promote, it was the study and practice of English law. 

A certain sort of lawyer — what may be called a 
reformed lawyer, like Governor Winthrop or the Rev. 
Nathaniel Ward of Ipswich — our ancestors did indeed 
value. Such men were useful in the very careful steer- 
ing that was necessary in working their semi-Judaic 
ship of State along an English coast ; for, in a legal 
point of view, that vessel drew a good deal too much 
water. At the very time which we celebrate, the 
people were clamoring for some laws to regulate the 
almost absolute discretion of their magistrates ; and 
the Rev. John Cotton was put upon a committee to 
prepare a code. Dr. Creighton may perhaps remem- 
ber that Mr. Cotton was some time a Fellow of Em- 
manuel College. He sent in to the General Court, in 
this very year of 1636, certain thorough-paced propo- 
sitions, mentioned by Governor Winthrop as being 
*' a copy of Moses, his judicials, compiled in an exact 



320 THE ALUMNI DAY. 

method ; " and they bore for a motto this significant 
passage : '* Jehovali is our Judge, Jehovah is our 
Lawgiver, Jehovah is our King; He will save us." 
The reformed lawyers no doubt did their full share 
in saving our fathers from adopting that; and a far 
more sagacious compilation was produced by Nathaniel 
Ward, with some assistance from Lechford, — a lawyer 
who had not reformed, and who soon vanished from 
these shores. 

Well, how has it come about that so incongruous a 
topic as law was introduced among the studies of this 
cherished school of the prophets ! 

Let me say, before explaining this, that it is not 
altoerether strang-e that our law at that time should 
seem to a plain Puritan to be a dark and knavish busi- 
ness ; for it was still heavily encumbered with the for- 
malism of the Middle Ages. It was, indeed, already, 
like Milton's lion, " pawing to get free its hinder 
parts ; " and there was a sort of truth in Coke's dithy- 
rambic praise of it, then but recently published, that 
*' reason is the life of the law, — nay, the common law 
itself is nothing else but reason ; " but it was the truth 
of prophecy, and not the truth of fact. The law 
also was then mainly hidden away from laymen and 
wrapped in a foreign tongue ; and it was taught at 
the Inns of Court in the rudest way, — " banc rigidara 
Minervam," said Sir Henry Spelman, a contemporary of 
our founders, ^'ferreis amplexibus coercendam." "My 
mother," says Spelman, " sent me to London to begin 
upon our law." " Cujus vestibulum salutassem repe- 
rissemque linguam peregrinam, dialectum barbarum, 



JAMES B. THAYER'S SPEECH. 321 

methodum inconcinnam, molem non ingentem solum 
sed perpetuis humeris sustinendam, excidit milii (fa- 
teor) animus." As regards this circumstance, that the 
law was then mostly written in a foreign tongue, it is 
interesting to notice that King James, while promot- 
ing our English version of the Bible, was also urging 
the Englishing of the law. " I wish," he said in a 
printed speech In 1609, when the Bible was nearly- 
ready to be published, '' the law written in our vulgar 
language ; for now it is an old, mixt, and corrupt lan- 
guage, only understood by lawyers," It was the Eng- 
lish Puritans mainly that brought about this reform ; 
the first book of law reports in English, other than a 
translation, was printed in the time of the Common- 
wealth. And when our General Court, in 1647, or- 
dered thirteen volumes of law from England, nine of 
them existed only in a foreign language, — eight in 
Norman-French, and one in Latin. 

But to come back to my question. It was not until 
a century and a quarter ago — half way back in that 
long tract of time which we have been contemplating 
at this anniversary — that the rude but noble fabric of 
our English law was first made the subject of univer- 
sity study. " We thus," said Blackstone, the first pro- 
fessor of our law at Oxford, in 1758, " extend the po- 
moeria of university learning, and adopt a new tribe of 
citizens within these philosophical walls." That event 
marked an era in our law ; all the world knows the 
brilliant results that immediately attended it. Black- 
stone did not accomplish everything, — there was, in- 
deed, much in his lectures that was trivial; but he 

21 



322 THE ALUMNI DAY. 

performed a work which, whether considered in rela- 
tion to the intractable nature of his material, or, with- 
out reference to that, upon its own merits alone, has 
always excited the admiration of those who were com- 
petent to judge of it. It will long survive as a monu- 
ment to his own powers and to the wisdom of those 
who perceived that English law deserved to be scien- 
tifically studied, — studied by the same methods which 
belong to all other important parts of human know- 
ledge. The contagion of this example spread to 
Cambridge, where, by the charter of Downing Col- 
lege in 1800, a similar chair was established, and the 
acute and learned Edward Christian was appointed 
to fill it. 

It happened that a citizen of Massachusetts was liv- 
ing in London while Blackstone was still wearing his 
honors, at a period when seven editions of his lectures 
had been published within ten years. This man — 
Isaac Roy all, of Medford — having died in 1781, the 
year after Blackstone's death, left to Harvard College 
a gift of land '' towards the endowing a professor of 
law, ... or of physic or anatomy." But it was not 
until 1815 that his purpose was carried out, and the 
Royall professorship, the earliest chair of law at any 
American seat of learning, was established. I do not 
speak now of the private law schools at Litchfield, 
founded in 1784, or of other later establishments of a 
like sort. It was here, at Cambridge, seventy years 
ago, that the pomoeria of university learning were 
first made to include a new American tribe of citizens 
within them. 



JAMES B. THAYER'S SPEECH. 323 

And now, what shall I say of the methods and re- 
sults of the teaching of law at this University for these 
seventy years ? Why should I say anything 1 The 
law has had its day of celebration already. Let me, 
however, say one thing. If I were asked to name the 
thing- that has characterized the recent efforts of this 
department of the University, I should say that it is 
simply a keener perception of the special function of a 
university school of law, and a stricter effort to apply 
here, in ways suited to the subject-matter, the same 
methods of historical research, of careful comparison, 
analysis, and deduction which are used in other 
branches of university study. Among the present 
officers of the School there are different methods in 
matters of detail, as there must needs be where there 
are diversities of gifts ; but there is entire unity in the 
general aim and in the desire to do in this great and 
secular institution, as well as they can, the work that 
belongs to their generation. That is not quite the 
same work which fell to their predecessors ; it is a 
quieter work, though full of labor. But it is one in 
which it is a great happiness to engage ; for we know, 
with an absolute conviction, that we are helping to lay 
a better foundation for those who will follow us. We 
need no better assurance that our aims are right than 
the altogether admirable sphit of study which pre- 
vails at the School, and the character, the progress, 
and the intellectual ardor of the young men that 
have left it. 



KEGISTRATION. 



REGISTRATION 



GKADUATES, NON-GRADUATE OFFICERS, HOLDERS 
OF HONORARY DEGREES, AND GUESTS 

ATTENDING THE COMMEMORATION. 



Abbe, Cleveland Washington, B.C. 

Abbot, Edwin Hale, A.B. 1855 Milwaukee, Wis. 

Abbot, Everett Vergnies, A.B. 1886 Cambridge. 

Abbot, Francis EUingwood, A.B. 1859 .... Cambridge. 

Abbot, George, A.B. 1864 Cambridge. 

Abbot, Henry Larcom, Col. of Eng., U.S. Army . New York, N.Y. 

Abbot, Henry Ward, A.B. 1886 Boston. 

Abbot, Julian, A.B. 1826 Lowell. 

Abbot, Samuel Leonard, A.B. 1838 Boston, 

Abbot, William Fitzhale, A.B. 1874 Worcester. 

Abbott, Benjamin Rush, A.B. 1886 Bloomington, 111. 

Abbott, Gordon, A.B. 1884 . Boston. 

Abbott, Samuel Warren, M.D. 1862 Wakefield. 

Abercrombie, Daniel Webster, A.B. 1876 . . . Worcester. 

Abercrombie, Otis Putnam, A.B. 1858 .... Lunenburg. 

Adams, Charles Francis, Jr. A.B. 1856 .... Quincy. 
Adams, Charles Kendall, LL.D., President of 

Cornell University Ithaca, N.Y. 

Adams, George Caspar, A.B. 1886 Quincy. 

Adams, George Everett, A.B. 1860 Chicago, 111. 

Adams, George Huntington, A.B. 1870 .... New York, N.Y. 

Adams, Theodore Parker, A.B. 1867 Boston. 

Agassiz, Alexander, A.B. 1855 Cambridge. 

Agassiz, George Russell, A.B. 1884 Cambridge. 

Aldrich, Albert Clinton, A.B. 1879 Soraerville. 

Alexander, William Pomeroy, A.B. 1870 . . . Springfield. 

Alger, Alpheus Brown, A.B. 1875 Cambridge. 

Allen, Alexander Viets Gi'iswold,D.D., P^'o/essoro/ 

Ecclesiastical History in Epis. Theol. School . Cambridge. 

Allen, Arthur Lincoln, A.B. 1885 ...... Arlington. 

Allen, Francis Bellows, A. B. 1881 New York, N.Y. 



328 



REGISTRATION. 



Allen, Frederic De Forest, Ph.D . 
Allen, Frederick Hobbs, A.B. 1880 
Allen, Gardner Weld, A.B. 1877 . 
Allen, Henry Freeman, A.B. 1860 . 
Allen, Joseph Henry, A.B. 1840 
Allen, Justin, M.D. 1856 .... 
Allen, Nathaniel Glover, A.B. 1812 
Allen, William, A. B. 1837 . . . 
Allen, William Ethan, A.B. 1878 . 
Allen, William Hall, A.B. 1878 . 
Allen, William Lothrop, A.B. 1886 
Almy, Charles, A.B. 1872 . . . 
Almy, Francis, A.B. 1879 . . . 
Almy, Frederic, A.B. 1880 . . . 
Amen, Harlan Page, A.B. 1879 . . 
Ames, Fisher, A.B. 1858 .... 
Ames, Frederick Lothrop, A.B. 1854 
Ames, James Barr, A.B. 1868 . . 
Ames, Oliver, Lt.-Gov. of Mass. 
Amory, Arthur, A.B. 1862 . . . 
Amory, Augustine Heard, A.B. 1S77 
Amory, Charles Walter, A.B. 1863 
Amory, Francis Inman, A.B. 1871 
Amory, Harcourt, A.B. 1876 . . . 
Amory, Robert, A.B. 1863 . . . 
Amory, Thomas Coffin, A.B. 1830 . 
Anderson, Elbert Ellery, A.B. 1852 
Anderson, Luther Stetson, A.B. 1882 
Anderson, Nicholas Longworth, A.B. 1858 
Andrew^, John Forrester, A.B. 1872 
Andrew, Brainard Alger, A.B. 1884 
Andrews, Clement Walker, A.B. 1879 
Andrews, Edward Reynolds, A.B. 185-3 
Andrews, William Shankland, A.B. 1880 
Angell, Elgin Adelbert, A.B. 1873 . 
Angell, James Burrill, LL.D., President 

versity of Michigan .... 
Appleton, Edward, A.B. 1835 
Appleton, Francis Henry, A.B. 1869 
Appleton, Francis Parker, A.B. 1845 
Appleton, John Henry, A.B. 1875 
Appleton, William Hyde, A.B. 1864 
Arnold, Alfred Colburn, A.B. 1884 
Arnold, Francis Rose, A.B. 1856 . 
Arnold, Horace David, A.B. 1885 . 
Arnold, Howard Payson, A.B. 1852 
Arnold, Louis, A.B. 1855 .... 
Aspinwall, William, A.B. 1838 . . 
Aspinwall, William Henry, A.B. 1883 



■)f Uni 



Cambridge. 

New York, N.Y. 

Boston. 

Boston. 

Cambridge. 

Topsfield. 

Auburndale. 

AUston. 

Worcester. 

Saybrook, Conn. 

Boston. 

Cambridge. 

Buffalo, N.Y. 

Buffalo. N.Y. 

Poughkeepsie, N.Y. 

West Newton. 

North Easton. 

Cambridge. 

North Easton. 

Boston. 

Lawrence. 

Brookline. 

Boston. 

Boston. 

Boston. 

Boston. 

New York. 

Quincy. 

Washington, D C. 

Boston. 

Charlestown. 

Boston. 

Boston. 

Syracuse, N.Y. 

Cleveland, O. 

Ann Arbor, Mich. 

Reading. 

Peabody. 

Dorchester. 

Cambridge. 

Swarthmore, Pa. 

Concordville, Pa. 

New York, N.Y. 

Newton. 

Boston. 

West Roxbury. 

Brookline. 

Brookline. 



REGISTRATION. 



329 



Atherton, Edward Herbert, A.B. 1879 
Atherton, Frederic William, A.B. 1886 
Atherton, Walter, S.B. 1885 .... 
Atkinson, Edward Ernest, A.M. 1886 
Atkinson, Edward Williams, A.B. 1881 
Atkinson, William Parsons, A.B. 1838 
Atwood, Hartley Frederic, A.B. 1884 
Atwood, Luther, A.B. 1883 . . . 
Austin, Amory, A.B. 1871 . . . 
Austin, William Russell, A.B. 1879 
Ayars, Henry Morton, A.B. 1886 . 
Ayer, Clarence AV alter, A.B. 188.5 
Ayer, Frederick Fanning, A.B. 1873 
Ayer, James Bourne, A.B. 1869 
Ayer, James Cook, A.B. 1886 . . 
Ayers, George David, A.B. 1879 . 
Ayers, Howard, S.B. 1883 .... 
Ayres, Marshall, Jr. A.B. 1863 . . 



Babbitt, George Franklin, A.B. 1872 
Babcock, James Woods, A.B. 1882 . 
Babcock, Lemuel Hollingsworth, A.B. 18' 
Babcock, William Gustavus, A.B. 1841 
Babson, Robert Edward, A.B. 1856 . 
Babson, Robert Tillinghast, A.B. 1882 
Bachelder, Thomas Cogswell, A.B. 1883 
Backus, Henry Clinton, A.B. 1871 . . 
Bacon, Charles Franklin, A.B. 1882 . 
Bacon, Charles William, A.B. 1879 . 
Bacon, Francis McNeil, Jr, A.B. 1884 
Bacon, Gorham, A.B. 1875 .... 
Bacon, Grenville, A.B. 1857 .... 
Bacon, John William, A.B. 1843 . . 
Bacon, Jonas Edward, A.B. 1875 . . 

Bacon, Robert, A.B. 1880 

Bacon, William Benjamin, A.B. 1841 
Bacon, William Francis, A.B. 1885 . 
Bailey, Hollis Russell, A.B. 1877 . . 
Baird, Spencer Fullerton, LL.D., Secretar 

sonian Institution 

Baker, Amos Prescott, A.B. 1867 . . 
Baker, Charles Francis, A.B. 1872 . . 
Baker, Edward Wild, A.B. 1882 . 
Baker, Ezra Henry, A.B. 1881 . . . 
Baker, James Eliot, A.B. 1883 . . . 
Baker, Lucas Lee, A.B. 1883 . . , 
Baker, Wendell, A.B. 1886 . . . , 
Balch, Francis Vergnies, A.B. 1859 . 
Baldwin, Thomas Tileston, A.B. 1886 



Sm 



ith 



Roxbury. 

Boston. 

Stoughton. 

Cambridge. 

Brookline. 

Jamaica Plain. 

Boston. 

Exeter, N.H. 

Boston. 

Charlestown. 

Cleveland, O. 

South Byfield. 

New York, N.Y. 

Boston. 

Lowell. 

Maiden. 

Cambridge. 

New York, N.Y. 

Boston. 

Somerville. 

New York, N.Y. 

Dorchester. 

Boston. 

Gloucester. 

South Boston. 

New York, N.Y. 

Newton. 

Natick. 

New York, N.Y. 

New York, N.Y. 

Roxbury. 

Natick. 

Brockton. 

Boston. 

Jamaica Plain. 

Newton. 

Boston. 

Washington, D.C. 
Newport, R.I. 
Fitchburg. 
Brookline. 
Boston, 
Brookline. 
East Templeton. 
New York, N.Y. 
Jamaica Plain. 
Jamaica Plain. 



330 REGISTRATION. 

Baldwin, Thomas Williams, A.B. 1873 .... Bangor, Me. 

Ball, George Homer, A.B. 1869 Worcester. 

Bancroft, Charles Parker, A.B. 1874 Concord, N.H. 

Bancroft, Jacob, A.B. 1884 Cambridge. 

Bancroft, John Chandler, A.B. 1854 Milton. 

Bangs, Elisha Dillingham, A.B 1866 .... Boston. 

Banker, Benson Beria, A.B. 1866 Boston. 

Banks, Nathaniel Prentice, LL D. 1858 .... Waltham. 

Barker, William Torrey, A.B. 1873 Boston. 

Barlow, George Francis, A.B. 1882 Brooklyn, N.Y. 

Barnard, Frederick Augustus Porter, S.T.D , LL.D., 

L.R.D., President of Columbia College . . . New York, N.Y. 

Barnard, George Middleton, A.B, 1857 .... Boston. 

Barnes, Albert Mallard, A.B. 1871 Cambridge. 

Barnes, Charles Maynard, A.B. 1877 Boston. 

Barnes, Walter Saunders, Jr., A.B. 1884 . . . Somerville. 

Barnes, William, S.B. 1883 Boston. 

Barnes, William Sanford, A.B. 1886 San Francisco, Cal. 

Barrett, George Campbell, A.B. 1856 .... Boston. 

Barrett, Harry Hudson, A.B. 1874 Maiden. 

Barrett, Luther Gustavus, A.B. 1862 South Boston. 

Barrett, William, A.B. 1859 .St. Paul, Miun. 

Barrows, Charles Henry, A.B. 1876 Springfield. 

Barrows, Samuel June, B.D. 1875 Dorchester. 

Barstow, Henry Taylor, A.B. 1880 Boston. 

Bartlett, Frederick Carew Smythe, A.B. 1875 . . New Bedford. 

Bartlett, Henry, A.B. 1885 Lowell. 

Bartlett, John, A.M. 1871 Cambridge. 

Bartlett, Nathaniel Cilley, A.B. 1880 Haverhill. 

Bartlett, Nelson Slater, A.B. 1871 Boston. 

Bartlett, Samuel Colcord, D.D., LL.D., President 

of Dartmouth College Hanover, N.H. 

Bartlett, Stephen Smith, A.B. 1885 Boston. 

Batchelder, Charles Edwin, A.B. 1873 .... Portsmouth, N.H. 

Batchelder, Samuel, A.B. 1851 Cambridge. 

Batchelor, George, A.B. 1866 Wellesley Hills. 

Bates, Benjamin Edward, A.B. 1884 New York, N.Y. 

Bates, Waldron, A.B. 1879 Boston. 

Bates, William Clinton, A.B. 1877 Canton. 

Baxter, George Lewis, A.B. 1863 Somerville. 

Bayard, Thomas Francis, Secre^ar?/ o/ iSfa^e . . Washington, D.C. 

Baylies, Edmund Lincoln, A.B. 1879 New York, N.Y. 

Baylies, Walter Cabot, A.B. 1884 Taunton. 

Beach, John Wesley, President of Wesley an Uni- 
versity Middletown, Ct. 

Beal, Thomas Prince, A.B. 1869 Boston. 

Beale, Joseph Henry, Jr., A.B. 1882 Dorchester. 

Beals, Joshua Gardner, A B. 1858 Boston. 

Beaman, Charles Cotesworth, A.B. 1861 .... New York, N.Y. 



REGISTRATION". 331 

Beam an, Harry Clayton, A B. 1885 Princeton. 

Beaman, William Stacy, A.B. 1872 New York, N.Y. 

Beane, Samuel Collins, A.B. 18G1 Salem. 

Beatley, James Augustus, A.B. 1873 .... Chelsea. 

Beckwith, Loring Everett, A.B. 1864 .... Cambridge. 

Bellows, Russell Nevins, A.B. 1864 New York, N.Y. 

Belmont, Raymond Rodgers, A.B. 1886 . . . . New York, N.Y. 

Berais, Charles Vose, A.B. 1835 Medford. 

Bemis, John Wheeler, A.B. 1885 Cambridge. 

Bemis, Jonathan Wheeler, A.B. 1830 .... Cambridge. 

Bendelari, George Anacletus Conrad, A.B. 1874 . New Haven, Conn. 

Bennett, Samuel Crocker, A.B. 1879 Boston. 

Bent, Samuel Arthur, LL.B. 1865 Boston. 

Berry, John King, A.B. 1876 Roxbury. 

Bettens, Edward Detraz, A.B. 1873 New York, N.Y. 

Bettens, Thomas Simms, A.B. 1874 New York, N.Y. 

Bickford, Robert, A.B. 1851 Somerville. 

Bickford, Robert Sloan, A.B. 1885 Somerville. 

Bicknell, Edward, A.B. 1876 Boston. 

Bierwirth, Heinrich Conrad, A.B. 1884 .... Andover. 

Bigelow, Alanson, A.B. 1858 Cambridge. 

Bigelow, Frank Winthrop, A.B. 1854 .... Charlestow. 

Bigelow, George Brooks, A.B. 1856 Boston. 

Bigelow, Marshall Train, A.M. 1864 Cambridge. 

Bigelow, Melville Madison, Ph.D. 1879 .... Cambridge. 

Bigelow, William Sturgis, A.B. 1871 Boston. 

Billings, John Shaw, M.D., Surgeon- GeneraVs Office Washington, D.C. 

Binney, Amos, A.B. 1879 Walpole. 

Binney, John, A.B. 1864 Middletown, Conn. 

Bird, Charles Sumner, A.B. 1877 East AValpole. 

Birtwell, Charles Wesley, A.B. 1885 Boston. 

Bishop, Robert Roberts, Jr., A.B. 1880 .... Newton Centre. 

Bishop, Thomas Wetmore, A. B. 1863 .... Salem. 

Bissell, Herbert Porter, A.B. 1880 Buffalo, N.Y. 

Bixby, James Thompson, A.B. 1864 Arlington. 

Blagden, George, A.B. 1856 New York, N.Y. 

Blair, Lafayette Gilbert, A.B. 1878 Cambridge. 

Blake, Harrison Gray Otis, A.B. 1835 .... Worcester. 

Blake, Samuel Parkman, Jr., A.B. 1855 . . . Boston. 

Blake, William Payne, A.B. 1866 Boston. 

Blanchard, Andrew Delaval, A.B. 1842 .... North Andover. 

Blanchard, Henry, A.B. 1834 Neponset. 

Blanchard, Herbert Wheeler, A.B. 1884 . . . Concord. 

Blinn, George Richard, A.B. 1885 Bedford. 

Bliss, Edward Penniman, A.B. 1873 Lexington. 

Bliss, Henry Warren, A.B. 1884 Boston. 

Blodgett, William Ashley, A.B. 1882 Cambridge. 

Boardman, Waldo Elias, D.M.D. 1886 .... Boston. 

Boardmau, William Elbridge, A.B. 1865 . . . Boston. 



332 



REGISTRATION. 



je, George Madison, B.D. 1878 
Boit, Edward Darley, Jr., A.B. 1863 
Boit, Robert Apthorp, A.B. 1868 . 
Bolan, Joel Carleton, A.B. 1876. . 
Bolles, Frank, LL.B. 1882 . . . 
Bolles, William Palmer, M.D. 1871 
Bolster, Percy Gardner, A.B. 1886 
Bombaugh, Charles Carroll, A.B. 1850 
Bonaparte, Charles Joseph, A.B. 1871 
Bond, George William, A.M. 1874 
Bond, Lawrence, A.B. 1877 . . . 
Bond, William Sturgis, A.B. 1859 
Booth, William Ferris, S.B. 1884 . 
Borland, William Gibson, A.B. 1886 
Bouve, Walter Lincoln, LL.B. 1879 
Bowditch, Alfred, A.B. 1876 . . 
Bowditch, Charles Pickering, A.B. 1863 
Bowditch, Edward, A.B. 1869 . . . 
Bowditch, Henry Ingersoll, A.B. 1828 
Bowditch, Henry Pickering, A.B. 1861 
Bowditch, Jonathan Ingersoll, A.M. 1849 
Bowditch, Vincent Yardley, A.B. 1875 
Bowen, Charles Stuart, A.B. 1871 . 
Bowen, Francis, A.B. 1833 . . . 
Bowen, James Williams, A.B. 1882 
Boyd, Alexander, Jr. A.B. 1882 . 
Boyd, William Willard, A.B. 1871 
Boyden, Roland William, A.B. 1885 
Boyden, William Cowper, A.B. 1886 
Bradbm-y, William Howard, A.B. 1881 
Bradford, Charles Frederick, A.M. 1860 
Bradford, Edward Hickling, A.B. 1869 
Bradford, Gamaliel, A.B. 1849 . . . 
Bradford, George Gardner, A.B. 1886 
Bradford, George Hillard, A.B. 1876 . 
Bradford, George Partridge, A.B. 1825 
Bradford, Russell, A.B. 1880 . . . 
Bradish, Frank Eliot, A.B. 1878 . . 
Bradlee, Josiah, A.B. 1858 .... 
Bradley, Charles Smith, A.B. 1833 . 
Bradley, Frederick, D.M.D. 1886 . . 
Bradley, John Dorr, A.B. 1886 . . . 
Bradley, Richards Merry, A.B. 1882 . 
Bradley, Robert Stow, A.B. 1876 . . 
Brainerd, Ezra, President of Middlehury Collegi 
Braman, Grenville Davies, A.B. 1885 
Brandegee, Edward Deshon, A.B. 1881 
Brannan, John Winters, A.B. 1874 . 
Breed, Amos Franklin, Jr., A.B. 1880 



East Boston. 

Boston. 

Brookline. 

Roxbury. 

Cambridge. 

Roxbui-y. 

Roxbury. 

Baltimore, Md. 

Baltimore, Md. 

Jamaica Plain. 

West Newton. 

Jamaica Plain. 

Poughkeepsie, N.Y. 

New Loudon, Conn. 

Hingham. 

Jamaica Plain. 

Jamaica Plain. 

Albany, N.Y. 

Boston. 

Jamaica Plain. 

Jamaica Plain. 

Boston. 

Cambridge. 

Cambridge. 

Boston. 

Philadelphia; Pa. 

St. Louis, Mo. 

Beverly. 

Sheffield, 111. 

Cambridge. 

Roxbury. 

Boston. 

Cambridge. 

Dorchester. 

Roxbury. 

Cambridge. 

Cambridge. 

Boston. 

Boston. 

Providence, R.I. 

Dedham. 

Boston. 

Boston. 

Boston. 

Middlebury, Vt. 

Boston. 

Utica, N.Y, 

New York, N.Y. 

Lynn. 



REGISTRATION. 333 

Brett, Henry, A.B. 1869 Calumet, Mich. 

Brewer, William Augustus, Jr., S.B. 1854 . . . South Orange, N.J. 

Brewer, William Dade, Jr., A.B. 1886 .... Boston. 

Brewster, Frank, A.B. 1879 Roxbury. 

Brewster, William, A.B. 1881 Boston. 

Bridge, John Ransom, A.B. 1884 LeRoy, N.Y. 

Bridge, Josiah, A.B. 1884 Cambridge. 

Bridge, Samuel James, A.M. 1880 Dresden, Me. 

Bridgman, Lewis Jesse, A.B. 1881 No. Andover Depot. 

Briggs, George Ware, B.D. 1834 Cambridge. 

Briggs, LeBaron Russell, A.B, 1875 Cambridge. 

Brigham, Clifford, A.B. 1880 Salem. 

Brigham, Lincoln Flagg, LL.B. 1844, Chief Justice 

of the Superior Court Salem. 

Brigham, William Tufts, A.B. 1862 Boston. 

Brimmer, Martin, A.B. 1849 Boston. 

Brinsmade, William Gold, A.B. 1881 .... Washington, Conn. 

Brooks, Arthur, A.B. 1867 New York, N.Y. 

Brooks, Arthur Anderson, A.B. 1879 Greenfield. 

Brooks, Francis Augustus, A.B. 1842 Boston. 

Brooks, Francis Boott, LL B. 1846 Boston. 

Brooks, Frederick, A.B. 1868 Boston. 

Brooks, George Merrick, A.B. 1844 Concord. 

Brooks, George Wolcott, Pastor of the First 

Church, Charlestown Charlestown. 

Brooks," James Willson, LL.B. 1858 Cambridge. 

Brooks, John, A.B. 1856 Cambridge. 

Brooks, John Cotton, A.B. 1872 Springfield. 

Brooks, Phillips, A.B. 1855 Boston. 

Brooks, Stephen Driver, M.D. 1882 Evansville, Ind. 

Broughton, Henry White, A.B. 1875 Jamaica Plain. 

Brown, Addison, A.B. 1852 New York, N.Y. 

Brown, Benjamin Graves, A.B. 1858 College Hill. 

Brown, Charles Albert, A.B. 1886 Framingham. 

Brown, Charles Rufus, A.B. 1877 Newton Centre. 

Brown, Crawford Richmond, A.B. 1886 .... Cambridgeport. 

Brown, Edward Jackson, A.B. 1855 Boston. 

Brown, Edward Wyeth, A.B. 1851 Belmont. 

Brown, Francis Henry, A.B. 1857 Boston. 

Brown, Frederick Tilden, A.B. 1877 New York, N.Y. 

Brown, George AVilliam, A B. 1884 Concord. 

Brown, Henry Hobart, A.B. 1876, Philadelphia, Pa. 

Brown, Henry William, A.B. 1852 Worcester. 

Brown, Howard Kinmonth, A.B. 1879 .... Framingham. 

Brown, John Freeman, A B. 1872 Boston. 

Brown, John Murray, A.B. 1863 Belmont. 

Brown, John Patrick, A.B. 1861 East Boston. 

Brown, Melvin, A.B. 1863 Brooklyn, N.Y. 

Brown, Romeo Green, A.B. 1884 Montpelier, Vt. 



334 REGISTRATION. 

Brown, William Reynolds, LL B. 1871 .... New York, N.Y. 

Browne, Edward Ingersoll, A. B. 1855 .... Boston. 

Browne, George Henry, A.B. 1878 Cambridge. 

Browne, Henry Rossiter Worthington, A.B. 1881 Jamaica Plain. 

Browne, John Kittredge, A.B. 1869 Harpoot, E. Turkey. 

Brownell, Thomas Franklin, A.B. 1865 ... . New York, N.Y. 

Brownlow, William Albert, A.B. 1876 .... Cambridge. 

Bruce, Edward Pierson, A.B. 1877 Salem. 

Brush, Abraham Stevens, LL.B. 1885 .... Boston. 
Brush, George Jarvis, Professor of Mineralogrj at 

Yale College New Haven, Conn. 

Bryant, George Butler, A.B. 1886 Boston. 

Brvant, John Duncan, A.B. 1853 Boston. 

Bryant, John Sweeney, A.B. 1882 Buffalo, N.Y. 

Bryant, Louis Lincoln, M.D. 1874 Cambridge. 

Bryant, William Sohier, A.B. 1884 Cohasset. 

Buckham, Matthew Henry, D.D., President of the 

University of Vermont Burlington, Vt. 

Buckingham, John Albert, B.D. 1839 .... Newton. 

Buckingham, Edgar, A.B. 1831 Deerfiehl. 

Buckley, Philip Townsend, A.B. 1880 .... South Boston. 

Buell, George Clifford, A.B. 1882 . ..... Rochester, N Y. 

Buff urn, Charles Thomas, A.B. 1874 . . . . . New York, N.Y. 

Buffum, Walter Nutting, LL.B. 1883 .... Boston. 

Bulkeley, Benjamin Reynolds, B.D. 1882 . . . Concord. 

BuUard, John Lincoln, A.B. 1861 New York, N.Y. 

Bullard, John Richards, LL.B. 1866 Dedham. 

Bullard, Stephen, A.B. 1878 Boston. 

Bullock, Augustus George, A.B. 1868 Worcester. 

Bullock, Rufus Augustus, A.B. 1871 Boston. 

Bunker, Frederic Story, A.B. 1884 Boston. 

Bunton, George Wadley, A.B. 1870 North Cambridge. 

Bunton, William Augustus, A.B. 1867 .... Boston. 

Burch, James Merrill, A.B. 1883 Necedah, Wis. 

Burdett, George Albert, A.B. 1881 Brookline. 

Burdett, Herbert Channing, A.B. 1878 .... Brookline. 

Burgess, Edward Phillips, LL.B. 1854 .... Dedham. 

Burlingham, Charles Gulp, A.B. 1879 .... New York, N.Y. 

Burnett, Harry, A.B. 1873 Boston. 

Burnham, Arthur, A.B. 1870 Roxbury. 

Burr, Charles Henry, S.B. 1879 Roxbury. 

Burr, Heman Merrick, A.B. 1877 Chestnut Hill. 

Burr, Isaac Tucker, Jr., A.B. 1879 Boston. 

Burrage, Albert Cameron, A.B. 1883 Boston. 

Burrage, George Dixwell, A.B. 1883 Chestnut Hill. 

Burrage, Walter Lincoln, A.B. 1883 Boston. 

Burrage, William Wirt, A.B. 1856 Cambridge. 

Burt, Charles Dean, A.B. 1882 Taunton. 

Burt, Frank Leslie, M.D. 1885 Boston. 



REGISTRATION. 335 

Burt, John Otis, A.B. 1858 Syracuse, NT. 

Bush, Samuel Dacre, A.B. 1871 Boston. 

Bush, Solon Wanton, B.D. 1848 Boston. 

Buswell, Henry Foster, A.B. 1866 Canton. 

Butler, Harry, A.B. 1879 Portland, Me. 

Butler, Prescott Hall, A.B. 1869 New York, N.Y. 

Butler, Sigourney, A.B. 1877 Quincy. 

Butterfield, Horatio Quincy, A.B. 1848, President 

of Olivet College Olivet, Mich. 

Buxton, William Albert, A.M. 188G Cambridge. 

Byerly, William Elwood, A.B. 1871 Cambridge. 

Byrne, James, A.B, 1877 New York, N.Y. 

Byrnes, Michael Joseph, S.J Boston. 

Cabot, Edward Twisleton, A.B. 1883 .... Brookline. 

Cabot, Francis Elliot, A.B. 1880 Mattapan. 

Cabot, Godfrey Lowell, A.B. 1882 Cambridge. 

Cabot, Henry Bromfield, A.B. 1883 Brookline. 

Cabot, James Elliot, A.B. 1840 Brookline. 

Cabot, John Higginson, A.B. 1850 Brookline. 

Cabot, Thomas Handasyd, A.B. 1886 Brookline. 

Cabot, Walter Channing, A.B. 1850 Brookline. 

Cadbury, Richard Tupper, A.B. 1877 Boston. 

Calhoun, Arthur Langmaid, A.B. 1885 .... Boston. 

Cammann, Henry Lorillard, A.B. 1886 .... New York, N.Y. 

Campbell, W^illiara Taylor, A.B. 1875 .... Quincy. 

Canfield, Charles Taylor, A.B. 1852 Cambridge. 

Capen, Edward, A.B. 1842 Haverhill. 

Capen, Elmer Hewitt, D.D., President of Ticfts 

College College Hill. 

Capen, Francis Lemuel, A.B. 1839 Boston. 

Capen, John, A.B. 1840 Boston. 

Carll, Walter Edward, M.D. 1885 Greenfield. 

Carnochan, Gouverneur Morris, A.B. 1886 . . . New York, N.Y. 

Carpenter, Frank Oliver, A.B. 1880 Boston. 

Carpenter, Frederic Ives, A.li. 1885 Chicago, 111. 

Garret, James Russell, A.B. 1867 Boston. 

Garret, Jose Francisco, S.B. 1856 Cambridge. 

Carroll, Royal Phelps, A.B. 1885 New York, N.Y. 

Carter, Frank, A.B. 1875 North Woburn. 

Carter, Franklin, Ph.D., LL.D., President of 

Williams College Williamstown. 

Carter, James Coolidge, A.B. 1850 New York, N.Y. 

Gary, Walter, A.B. 1879 Buffalo. N.Y. 

Casas, William Beltran de las, A.B. 1879 . . . Maiden. 

Casey, John Francis, A.B. 1868 Boston. 

Gate, Martin Luther, A.B. 1877 Boston, 

Chace, George Frederic, A.B. 1866 Taunton, 

Chadbourue, Thomas Lincoln, A.B. 1862 . , . Houghton, Mich. 



336 REGISTRATION. 

Chadwick, James Read, A.B. 1S65 Boston. 

Chamberlain, Allen Howard, A.B. 1885 .... Foxcroft, Me. 

Chamberlain, David Blaisdell, A.B. 1886 . . . W. Hiughara. 

Chamberlain, Eugene Tyler, A.B. 1878 .... Albany, N.Y. 

Chamberlain, Nathan Henry, A.B. 1853 .... East Boston. 

Chamberlaine, Augustus Porter, A.B. 1847. . . Concord. 

Chamberlayne, Charles Frederick, A.B. 1878 . . East Boston. 

Chandler, Alfred Dupont, A.B. 1868 Brookline. 

Chandler, Horace Parker, A.B. 1864 Jamaica Plain. 

Chandler, John, A.B. 1883 Dorchester. 

Chandler, Thomas Henderson, A.B. 1848 . . . Boston. 

Chanler, Winthrop Astor, A.B. 1885 Barrytown, N.Y. 

Channing, Edward, A.B. 1878 Cambridge. 

Channing, Francis Allston, M. P London, Eng. 

Chapin, Frank Woodruff, A.B. 1876 New York, N.Y. 

Chapin, Henry Bainbridge, A.B. 1880 .... Boston. 

Chapin, Henry Gardner, A.B. 1882 Springfield. 

Chapin, Herbert Allen, A.B. 1871 Somerville. 

Chaplin, Heman White, A.B. 1867 Boston. 

Chaplin, Winfield Scott, West Point, 1870 . . . Cambridge. 

Chapman, John Jay, A.B. 1884 New York, N.Y. 

Chase, Charles Augustus, A.B. 1855 Worcester. 

Chase, Daniel La Forest, A.B. 1864 West Somerville. 

Chase, George Bigelow, A.B. 1856 Boston. 

Chase, George Colby, A. M., Professor of English 

Literature in Bates College Lewiston, Me. 

Chase, Heman Lincoln, A.B. 1882 Boston. 

Chase, Theodore, A.B. 1853 Boston. 

Chase, Thomas Herbert, A.B. 1885 Haverford Coll., Pa. 

Chase, Walter Greenough, A.B. 1882 Brookline. 

Chatard, Thomas Marean, S.B. 1871 Washington, D.C. 

Chauncey, Charles, A.B. 1859 Philadelphia, Pa. 

Chauncey, Elihu, A.B. 1861 New York, N.Y. 

Cheever, Clarence Alonzo, S.B. 1881 Mattapan. 

Cheever, David Williams, A.B. 1852 Boston. 

Chenery, Winthrop Louis, A.B. 1867 Belmont. 

Cheney, Edwards, A.B. 1882 Lowell. 

Cheney, William Franklin, A.B. 1873 .... Walnut Hill, Dedham. 

Child, Francis James, A.B. 1846 Cambridge. 

Child, Linus Mason, LL.B. 1859 Boston. 

Childs, Nathaniel, A.M. 1869 Charlestown. 

Choate, Charles Francis, A.B. 1849 Southborough. 

Choate, Joseph Hodges, A.B. 1852 New York, N.Y. 

Choate, William, A. B. 1881 Beverly. 

Churchill, Asaph, A.B. 1831 Boston. 

Churchill, Charles Marshall Spring, A.B. 1845 . Milton. 

Churchill, Frank Spooner, A.B. 1886 Milton. 

Churchill, John Maitland Brewer, A.B. 1879 . . Dorchester. 

Churchill, John Wesley, A.B. 1865 Andover. 



REGISTRATION. 337 

Claflin, Adams Davenport, A.B. 1886 ..... Newtonville. 

Claflin, William, LL.D. 1869 Newtonville. 

Clapp, Channing, A.B. 1855 Boston. 

Clapp, Clift Rogers, A.B. 1884 South Boston. 

Clapp, Robert Parker, A.B. 1879 Lexington. 

Clark, David Crawford, A.B. 1886 New York, N.Y. 

Clark, Frank Haven, A.B. 1884 Boston. 

Clark, Joseph Payson, A.B. 1882 Boston. 

Clark, George Faber, B.D. 1846 Hubbardston. 

Clark, Hoi-ace, A.B. 1885 Soraerville. 

Clark, Leonard Brown, A.B. 1885 Weston. 

Clark, Louis Monroe, A.B. 1881 Dorchester. 

Clark, Walter Thomas, A.B. 1886 Cambridgeport. 

Clarke, Augustus Peck, M.D. 1862 Cambridge. 

Clarke, Eliot Channing, A.B. 1867 Boston. 

Clarke, Frank Wigglesworth, S.B. 1867 . . . . Washington, D.C. 

Clarke, James Freeman, A.B. 1829 Jamaica Plain. 

Clarke, Samuel Belcher, A.B. 1874 New York, N.Y. 

Cleaves, James Edwin, A.B. 1876 Medford. 

Cleveland, Clement, A.B. 1867 New York, N.Y. 

Cleveland, Grover, President of United States . . Washington, D.C. 

Clifford, Charles Warren, A.B. 1865 New Bedford. 

Clifford, AValter, A.B. 1871 New Bedford. 

Clymer, William Branford Shubrick, A B. 1876 . Cambridge. 

Coale, George Oliver George, A.B. 1874 . . . Jamaica Plain. 

Cobb, Charles Henry, M.D. 1881 Boston. 

Cobb, Frederic Codman, A.B. 1884 Boston. 

Coburn, George Albert, M.D. 1873 Cambridge. 

Codman, Benjamin Storer, M.D. 1845 .... Boston. 

Codman, Charles Russell, A.B. 1849 Cotuit. 

Codman, Edmund Dwight, A.B. 1886 .... Boston. 

Codman, James Macmaster, Jr., A.B. 1884 . . Brookline. 

Codman, John, A. B. 1885 Boston. 

Coffey, John Augustine, LL B. 1871 Boston. 

Cogan, Joseph Ambrose, A.B. 1884 Cambridge. 

Coggeshall, Frederic, A.B. 1886 Cambridge. 

Cogswell, Edward Russell, A.B. 1864 .... Cambridge. 

Cogswell, Francis, A.M. 1881 Cambridgeport. 

Cohn, Adolphe, A.M. Ecole des Chartes, Paris, 1874 Cambridge. 

Coit, Robert, A.B. 1883 Winchester. 

Colburn, Theodore Edson, A.B. 1854 .... Boston. 

Cole, Charles D'Urban Morris, A.B. 1883 . . . New York, N.Y. 

Cole, Frank Nelson, A.B. 1882 Marlborough. 

Cole, John Hanun, A.B. 1870 New York, N.Y. 

Collier, Hiram Price, B.D. 1882 Hingham. 

Collins, Edward Lyon, A.B. 1885 West Newton. 

Collins, Frederic Kelley, A.B. 1874 Cambridge. 

Colony, John Joslin, A.B. 1885 Keene, N.H. 

Comey, Arthur Messinger, A.B. 1882 .... Somerville. 

22 



338 



REGISTRATION. 



Conant, Ernest Lee, A.B. 1884 

Conant, William Merritt, A.B. 1879 

Converse, Cliarles Henry, A.B. 1884: 

Cook, Frank Gaylord, A.B. 1882 

Cook, Robert (Jeorge, A.B. 1886 

Cook, Silas i'arsons, A.B. 1807 

Cooke, Josiah Parsons, A.B. 1818 

Cooley, Thomas Mclntyre, LL.D., Professor of 
Conslitulional Laio and American History in 
Michigati Universitij. 

Cooliilge, Austin Jacobs, A.B. 1817 . 

Coolidge, David Hill, A.B. 1851 . . 

Coolidge, David Hill, Jr., A.B. 1886 . 

Coolidge, James Ivers Trecothick, A.B. 1838 

Coolidge, John Gardner, A.B 1884 . . 

Coolidge, John Templeman, A.B. 1879 . 

Coolidge, Joseph Swett, A.B. 1819 . . 

Coolidge, Louis Arthur, A.B. 1883 . . 

Coolidge, Sumner, A.B. 1883 .... 

Coolidge, Thomas Jefferson, A.B. 1850 . 

Coolidge, Thomas Jefferson, Jr., A.B. 1884 

Coolidge, William Henry, A.B. 1881 . . 

Coolidge, William Williamson, AB. 1879 

Corey, Arthur Deloraine, A.B. 1886 . . 

Cotting, Benjamin Eddy, A.B. 1834 . . 

Couch, Joseph Daniel, M.D. 1883 . . . 

Coverly, George Todd, Jr., A.B. 1879 . 

Cowdin, John Elliot, A.B. 1879 . . . 

Cox, Henry Joseph, A.B. 1884 .... 

Cox, Wilmot Townsend, A.B. 1879 . . 

Coxe, Henry Brinton, A.B. 1885 . . . 

Crafts, George Ingli.s, A.B. 1833 . , . 

Craigin, George Arthur, A.B. 1885 . . 

Cranch, Christopher Pearse, B.D. 1836 . , 

Crawford, Frank Lindsay, A.B. 1879 

Creesy, Frank Leonard, A.B. 1882 . . 

Creighton, Mandell, M.A., Senior Felloio of Em- 
manuel College., and Professor of Ecclesiastical 
History in the University of Cambridge^ Eng. ; 
Canon of Worcester 

Crocker, Adams, A.B. 1885 

Crocker, George Glover, A.B. 1864 

Crocker, George Uriel, A.B. 1884 

Crocker, Henry Horace, Jr., A.B. 1874 .... 

Crocker, Uriel Haskell, A.B. 18.")3 

Crocker, "William Tufts, A.B. 1884 

Crosby, George Washington, A.B. 1858 .... 

Croswell, James Greenleaf, A.B. 1873 .... 

Croswell, Simou Greeuleai, A.B. 1876 



Webster. 

Boston. 

Newton. 

Cambridge. 

Rochester, N.Y. 

Ciielsea. 

Cambridge. 



Ann Arbor, ]\Iich. 

^Vatertown. 

Boston. 

Jioston. 

('ambridge. 

Boston. 

Boston. 

Boston. 

Springfield. 

Mt. Auburn. 

Boston. 

Manchester. 

Natick. 

Salem. 

Maiden. 

Roxbury. 

Somerville. 

^lalden. 

New York, N.Y. 

Boston. 

New York, N.Y. 

Philadelphia, Pa. 

Ciiarleston, S.C. 

Boston. 

Cambridge. 

New York, N.Y. 

Brookline. 



Cambridge, Eng. 

Fitchburg. 

Boston. 

Boston. 

New York, N.Y. 

Boston. 

P'itchburg. 

Newton . 

Cambridge. 

Cambridge. 



REGISTRATION. 



339 



Crowninshield, Benjamin William, A.B. 1858 
Cruft, Samuel lireck, A.B. 18:30 .... 

Cummings, Edward, A.B. 1883 

Cummings, Prentiss, A B. 1864 

Cummins, Thomas Kittredge, Jr., A.B. 1884 
Cunningham, Henry Winchester, A.B. 1882 
Cunningham, Horace, A.B 184fi . . 
Cunningham, Stanley, A.B. 1877 . . 

Curtis, Allen, A.B. 1884 

Curtis, Charles Pelham, A.B. 1845 . 

Curtis, Charles Pelham, Jr., A.B. 1883 

Curtis, George William, LL.D. 1881 . . . West 

Curtis, Hall, A.B. 1854 

Curtis, Hamilton Rowan, A.B. 1885 . 
Curtis, Horatio Greenough, A.B. 18G5 
Curtis, Laurence, A.B. 1870 .... 

Curtis, Louis, A.B. 1870 

Curtis, Rest Fanner, A.B. 1870 . . . 
Cushing, Ernest Watson, A.B. 18G7 . 
Cushing, Grafton Dulaney, A.B. 1885 
Cushing, Hay ward Warren, A.B. 1877 
Cushing, Hon. Henry Greenwood, Sheriff of Mid- 
dlesex County 

Cushing, Joseph Mackenzie, A.B. 1855 
Cushing, Livingston, A.B. 1879 . . 
Cushing, Louis Thomas, A.B. 1870 
Cushing, Marshall Henry, A.B. 1883 . 
Cushing, Thomas, A.B. 1834 . . . 
Cushman, Archibald Falconer, LL.B , 1852 
Cushman, Lysander William, A.B. 1886 
Cushman, Rufus Cutler, A.B. 1869 . 
Cutler, Elbridge Gerry, A.B. 1868 . . 
Cutler, Samuel Newton, A.B. 1877 . 
Cutter, Charles Ammi, A.B. 1855 . . 
Cutter, Charles Kimball, M.D. 1876 . 
Cutter, Frederick Spaulding, A.B 1874 
Cutter, Leonard Francis, A.B. 18G7 
Cutter, Marshall Munroe, A.B. 1861 . 
Cutter, William Everett, A.B. 1869 . 



Dabney, Alfred Stackpole, AB. 1871 
Dabney, George Stackpole, A.B. 1863 
Dabney, Louis Stackpole, A.B. 1861 
Dabney, Ralph Pomeroy, A.B. 1882 
Daland, Edward Francis, A.B. 1856 
Daland, Tucker, A.B. 1873 . . . 
Dale, William Johnson, A.B. 1837 
Dalzell, John Whitney, A.B. 1879 . 
Dame, Walter Reeves, A.B. 1883 . 



Boston. 

Bostou. 

Lynn. 

Broolcline. 

Boston. 

Boston. 

New York, N.Y. 

Boston. 

Boston. 

Boston. 

Boston. 

New Brighton, N.Y 

Boston. 

Boston. 

Boston. 

Boston. 

Boston. 

Boston. 

Boston. 

Boston. 

Boston. 

Lowell. 

Baltimore, Md. 

Weston. 

Cohasset. 

Hingham. 

Boston . 

New York, N.Y. 

Newville, Cal. 

Cambridge. 

Boston. 

Somerville. 

Boston. 

Charlestown. 

Cambridge. 

Andover. 

Brookline. 

Worcester. 

Boston. 

Boston. 

Boston. 

Fayal, Azores. 

Boston. 

Brookline. 

North Andover. 

Cambridge. 

Clinton. 



340 REGISTRATION. 

Dana, George Earaes, A.B. 1854 Syracuse, N.Y. 

Dana, James, A.B. 1830 Boston. 

Dana, James, Jr., A.B. 1875 Dorchester. 

Dana, James Dwight, Ph.D., LL.D., Professor 

of Geology and Mineralogy at Yale College . New Haven, Ct. 

Dana, Richard Henry, A.B. 1874 Boston. 

Dana, William Franklin, A.B. 1884 Boston. 

Danforth, Allen, A.B. 1866 Plymouth. 

Danforth, Henry Gold, A.B. 1877 Rochester, N.Y. 

Danforth, William Henry, A.B. 1882 .... Worcester. 

Daniell, Moses Grant, A.B. 18G3 Roxbury. 

Daniels, Frank Herbert, A.B. 1879 New York, N.Y. 

Darling, Frederick Homer, A.B. 1884 .... North Cambridge. 

Davenport, Bennett Franklin, A.B. 1867 .... Boston. 

Davenport, Francis Henry, M.D. 1874 .... Boston. 

Daves, Edward Graham, A.B. 1854 Baltimore, Md. 

Davis, Andrew McFarland, S.B. 1854 .... Cambridge. 

Davis, Bancroft Gherardi, A.B. 1885 Cambridge. 

Davis, Charles Gideon, A.B. 1840 Plymouth, 

Davis, Charles Stevenson, A.B. 1880 Plymouth. 

Davis, Charles Thornton, A.B. 1884 Newton. 

Davis, George Alonzo, A.B. 1845 , . Boston. 

Davis, James Clarke, A.B. 1858 Boston. 

Davis, John Francis, A.B. 1881 San Francisco, Cal. 

Davis, Joseph Edwin, A.B. 1883 Lynn. 

Davis, Robert Thompson, M.D. 1847 Fall River. 

Davis, Samuel Warren, A.B. 1877 West Newton. 

Davis, Simon, A.B. 1876 Boston. 

Davis, William Morris, S B. 1870 Cambridge. 

Dawes, Henry Laurens, U. S. Senator .... Pittsfield. 

Day, Arthur Kehew, A.B. 1886 Concord, N.H. 

Dean, Clarence Randall, A.B. 1882 Taunton. 

Dean, Francis Winthrop, S.B. 1875 Cambridge. 

Dean, Louis Bailey, A.B. 1878 Brooklyn, N.Y. 

Deane, Charles, A.M. 1856 Cambridge. 

Deane, Walter, A.B. 1870 Cambridge. 

Dearing, Thomas Haven, M.D. 1861 Braintree. 

Delano, Samuel, A.B. 1879 Boston. 

Deming, Horace Edward, A.B. 1871 New York, N.Y. 

Denegre, Walter Denis, A.B. 1879 New Orleans, La. 

Denniston, Arthur Clark, A.B. 1883 Philadelphia, Pa. 

Denny, Arthur Briggs, A.B. 1877 Brookline. 

Denny, Clarence Holbrook, A.B. 1863 .... Boston. 

Denny, Daniel, A.B. 1854 Boston. 

Denny, Henry Gardner, A.B. 1852 Boston. 

De Normandie, James, B.D. 1862, Pastor of the 

First Religious Society, Roxhury Roxbury. 

Denton, Myron Preston, A.B. 1884 Saratoga, N.Y. 

Derby, Richard Henry, A.B. 1864 New York, N.Y. 



REGISTRATION. 341 

Devens, Arthur Lithgow, A.B. 1874 Boston. 

Devens, Charles, A.B. 1838 Boston. 

Devens, Samuel Adams, A.B. 1829 Boston. 

Dewey, AVilliam Richardson, A.B. 1886 .... Roxbury. 

Dexter, Charles, A.B. 1851 Cambridge. 

Dexter, George, A.B. 1855 Boston. 

Dexter, George, B.D. 1861 Dorchester. 

Dexter, Julius, A.B. 1860 Cincinnati, O. 

Dexter, William Sohier, A.B. 1816 Boston. 

Dickerman, Frank Elliot, A.B. 1886 Somerville. 

Dickey, Charles Denston, A.B. 1882 New York, N.Y. 

Dickinson, Hon. John Woodbridge, Secretary Mass. 

Board of Education Boston. 

Dike, Harrison, A.B. 1886 Brooklyn, N.Y. 

Dillaway, George Wales, A.B. 18G5 New York, N.Y. 

Dillingham, Pitt, B.D. 1876 Charlestown. 

Dimmock, George, A.B. 1877 Cambridge. 

Dixon, Lewis Seaver, A.B. 1866 Boston. 

Dixwell, Epes Sargent, A.B. 1827 Cambridge. 

Dixwell, John, A.B. 1870 Boston. 

Dodd, Edward Merrick, A.B. 1880 Worcester. 

Dodge, Edward Sherman, A.B. 1873 Cambridge. 

Dodge, Frank Faden, A.B. 1880 Woburn. 

Dodge, Fiederic, A.B. 1867 Belmont. 

Dodge, William Walter, A.B. 1870 . . ._ . . Cambridge. 

Doe, Charles Henry, A.M. 1860 Worcester. 

Doggett, Frederick Fobes, A.B. 1877 South Boston. 

Dole, Charles Fletcher, A.B. 1868 Jamaica Plain. 

Donaldson, Frank, Jr., A.B. 1879 Baltimore, Md. 

Dorcey, James Edmund, M.D. 1878 Boston. 

Dorr, Benjamin Humphrey, A.B. 1878 .... Boston. 

Dorr, Jonathan, A.B. 1864 Boston. 

Dorr, Joseph, Jr., A.B. 1883 Boston. 

Dow, Edmond Scott, A.B. 1883 Brookline. 

Dow, Harry Robinson, A.B. 1884 Lawrence. 

Dowues, Nathaniel, M.D. 1846 East Boston. 

Dowse, William Bradford Homer, A.B. 1873 . . Boston. 

Drake, Herbert Hamilton, A.B. 1877 New York, N.Y. 

Draper, Frank Winthrop, M.D. 1869 Boston. 

Draper, William Kinnicutt, A B. 1885 .... New York, N.Y. 

Drew, Charles Acton, A.B. 1870 Newton. 

Drisler, Henry, LL.D., Jay Professor of Greek in 

Columbia Colleqe, N.Y. New York, N.Y. 

Driver, Stephen William, A.B. 1860 Cambridge. 

DuBois, Loren Griswold, A.B. 1876 Boston. 

Dudley, Sanford Harrison, A.B. 1867 .... Cambridge. 

Dudley, Warren Preston, LL.B. 1877 .... Cambridge. 

Duff, William Frederic, A.B. 1876 Bo.ston. 

Dumaresq, Francis, A.B. 1875 Boston. 



342 REGISTRATION. 

Dunbar, Charles Franklin, A.B. 1851 Cambridge. 

Dunbar, Frank Asaph, A.B. 1878 Cambridge. 

Dunham, Howard Cary, A.B. 1877 Portland, Me. 

Dunham, Theodore, A.B. 1885 Irvington-on-IIudson, N.Y. 

Dunn, Francis De Maurice, A.B. 1870 .... Needham. 

Dunster, Edward Swift, A.B. 1856 Ann Arbor, Mich. 

Dupee, Horace, A.B. 1832 Dorchester. 

Durant, Thomas, A.B. 1881 Washington, D.C. 

Durant, AVilliam Bullard, A B. 18G5 Cambridge. 

Dwight, Edmund, A.B. 1814 Boston. 

Dwight, John Sullivan, A.B. 1832 Boston. 

Dwight, Thomas, A.B. 18G6 Boston. 

Dwight, Timothy, A.B. 1819. Yale, S.T.D., Presi- 
dent of Yale University New Haven, Ct. 

Dwyer, Richard Joseph, A.B. 1877 Medford. 

Dyer, Ezra, A.B. 1857 Newport, R.I. 

Dyer, Louis, A.B. 1874 Cambridge. 

Eastman, Edmund Tucker, A.B. 1816 .... Boston. 

Easton, James Hamlet Bolt, A.B. 1883 . . . . Rochester, Minn. 

Eaton, Arthur Wentworth Hamilton, A.B. 1880 . Chestnut Hill. 

Eaton, George Herbert, A.B. 1882 , . Boston. 

Eaton, Percival James, A.B. 1883 Maplewood. 

Eaton, William Lorenzo, A.B. 1873 Concord. 

Eayrs, Norman Wilder, A.B. 1871 Newport, R.I. 

Eckfeldt, Thomas Hooper, A.B. 1881, Wesleyan . Cambridge. 

Edgerly, Walter Howard, A.B. 1886 Boston. 

Edmands, Albert William, A.B. 1862 Somerville. 

Edmands, John Rayner, S.B. 1869 Cainbridge. 

Edmands, Moses Grant, A.B. 1879 Brookline. 

Edmands, Thomas Sprague, A.B. 18G7 .... Newton. 

Edson, William Bostwick, A.B. 1818 Phelps, N.Y. 

Ela, Richard, A.B. 1871 Cambridge. 

Ela, Walter, A.B. 1871 Cambridge. 

Eliot, Amory, A.B. 1877 Boston. 

Eliot, Charles, A.B. 1882 Cambridge. 

Eliot, Charles William, A.B. 1853 Cambridge. 

Eliot, Christopher Rhodes, B.D. 1881, Pastor of 

the First Parish, Dorchester Dorchester. 

Eliot, Samuel, A.B. 1839 Boston. 

Eliot, Samuel Atkins, A.B. 1884 Cambridge. 

Elliot, John Wheelock, A.B. 1874 Boston. 

Elliot, Silas Haynes, A.B. 1884 Cambridge 

Elliot, William Henry, A.B. 1872 Keene, N.H. 

Elliott, Aaron Marshall, A.B. 1868 Baltimore,Md. 

Ellis, Arthur Blake, A.B. 1875 Boston. 

Ellis, Bertram, A.B. 1884 Keene, N.H. 

Ellis, Edward Clarke, A.B. 1868 Boston. 

Ellis, Frederick Hamant, A.B. 1879 Framingham. 



REGISTRATION. 



343 



Ellis, George Edward, A.B. 1833 . . 
Ellis, Ralph Waterbury, A.B. 1879 . 
Ellis, William Rogers, A.B. 1867 . . 

Elting, Irving, A.B. 1878 

Ely, Philip Van Rensselaer, A.B. 1878 
Emerson, Frederick Ware, A.B. 1882 
Emerson, Thomas, A.B. 1856 , 
Emerton, Ephraim, A.B. 1871 . 
Emery, Samuel Hopkins, Jr., LL.B. 1882 
Emery, Woodward, A.B. 1864 . 
Eudicott, Hon. William Crowninshield, A.B 

Secretary of War 

Ensign, Charles Sidney, LL.B. 1863 
Ernst, Harold Clarence, A.B. 1876 . 
Estabrooks, Jolni Albert, A.B. 1873 
Este, William Miller, A.B. 1852 . 
Eustis, Frank Izard, A.B. 1868 . . 
Eustis, Herbert Hall, A.B. 1880 . 
Evans, George William, A.B. 1883 
Evans, William Heury, A.B. 1855 . 
Evarts, Prescott, A.B.1881 . . . 
Everett, Charles Carroll, B.D. 1859 
Everett, Edward Franklin, A.B. 1860 
Everett, Oliver Hurd, A.B. 1873 . 
Everett, William, A.B. 1859 . . . 
Everett, William Abbot, A.B. 1819 . 

Fairchild, Charles, A.B. 1858 . . 
Farley, Charles Andrews, A.B. 1827 
Farley, James Phillips, Jr., A.B. 1868 
Farlow, John Woodford, A.B. 1874 
Farlow, William Gilson, A.B. 1866 
Farnham, Edwin, A.B. 1866 . . . 
Farnsworth, George Bourne, A.B. 1847 
Farnsworth, William, A.B. 1877 . 
Farrar, Jacob Hamilton, A B. 1874 
Faulkner, John Charles, A.B. 1886 
Faxon, Walter, A.B. 1871 . . . 
Faxon, William, Jr., A.B. 1883 . , 
Fay, Charles Norman, A.B. 1869 . 
Fay, Clement Kelsey, A.B. 1867 . 
Fay, Francis Britain, A.B. 1883 . . 
Fay, James Harrison, A.B. 1859 
Fechheimer, Samuel Marcus, A.B. 1886 
Fellows, William Gordon, A.B. 1882 
Fenn, William Wallace, A.B. 1884 
Fenno, Edward Nicoll, A.B. 1866 . . 
Fenollosa, Erne.st Francisco, A.B. 1874 
Fernald, Benjamin Marvin, A.B. 1870 



1847 



Boston. 

Springfield. 

New York, N.Y. 

Poughkeepsie, N.Y. 

Boston. 

Newton. 

Newtonville. 

Cambridge. 

Concord. 

Cambridge. 

Salem. 

Newton. 

Jamaica Plain. 

Boston. 

New York, N.Y. 

Cambridge. 

Cambridge. 

Boston. 

Ashburnham. 

New York, N.Y. 

Cambridge 

Cambridge. 

\V'orcester. 

Quincy. 

Cambridge. 

Boston. 

Boston. 

Beverly Farms. 

Boston. 

Cambridge. 

Cambridge. 

Roxbury. 

Boston. 

Chicago, 111. 

Keene, N.H. 

Lexington. 

Boston. 

Chicago, 111. 

Brookline. 

Cambridge. 

New York, N.Y. 

Cincinnati, O. 

Schaghticoke, N.Y. 

Somerville. 

Boston. 

Tokio, Japan. 

Melrose. 



344 



REGISTRATION. 



Fernald, Frederick Atherton, A.B. 1882 . 
Fernald, Orlando Marcellus, A.B. 1864 . 
Ferry, Ebenezer Hayward, A.B. 1886 
Fesseiideii, Sewall Henry, Jr., A.B. 1886 . 
Fette, William Eliot, A.B. 1858 .... 
Fewkes, Jesse Walter, A.B. 1875 . . . 
Field, Walbridge Abner, A.B. Dartmouth, 1855 

Justice of the Supreme Court of Massachusetts 
Fillebrown, Thomas, D.M.D. 1869 . 
Fincke, Frederick Getman, A.B. 1873 
Fish, Charles Everett, A.B. 1880 . . 
Fish, Frederick Perry, A.B. 1875 . . 
Fisher, Edward Thornton, A.B. 1856 . 
Fisher, George Huntington, A.B. 1852 
Fisher, George Park, A.M., S.T.D., LL D. 

Professor of Eccl. History at Yale College 
Fisher, Horace Newton, A.B. 1857 
Fisher, Theodore Willis, M.D. 1861 
Fisk, Frederic Daniell, A.B. 1886 , 
Fisk, James Lyman, A.B. 1885 . . 
Fisk, Lyman Beecher, A.B. 1873 
Fiske, Andrew, A.B. 1875 .... 
Fiske, Arthur Irving, A.B. 1869 
Fiske, Charles Henry, A.B. 1860 
Fiske, Frederic Augustus Parker, A.B. 1881 
Fiske, George, A.B. 1872 .... 
Fiske, George Alfred, A.B. 1862 . 
Fiske, Joseph Emery, A.B. 1861 . 
Fiske, W^illiam Boyd, A.B. 1882 . 
Fitz, Daniel Francis, A.B. 1859 . . 
Fitz, Reginald Heber, A.B. 1864 . 
Flagg, George Augustus, A.B. 1868 
Flanders, Frank Byron, A.B. 1874 . 
Fletcher, Charles Ruel, A.B. 1886 . 
Flint, Albert Stowell, A.B. 1875 . 
Flint, Charles Louis, A.B. 1849 . 
Flint, John Sydenham, A.B. 1843 . 
Folsom, Charles Follen, A.B. 1862 
Folsom, Charles William, A.B. 1815 
Foote, Arthur William, A.B. 1874 
Foote, Henry Wilder, A.B. 1858 . 
Foss, George Edmond, A.B. 1885 . 
Foster, Alfred Dwight, A.B. 1873 . 
Foster, Charles Chauncy, A.B. 1880 
Foster, Charles Henry Wheelwright, A.B. 1881 
Foster, Francis Charles, A.B. 1850 
Foster, Samuel Lynde, A.B. 1885 
Fowler, Harold North, A.B. 1880 
Fox, Austen George, A.B. 1869 . 



Everett. 

Williamsto"wn. 

Hyde Park. 

Boston. 

Boston. 

Cambridge. 

Boston. 

Boston. 

Utica, N.Y. 

Chicopee. 

Boston. 

Berkshire. 

Brooklyn, N.Y. 

New Haven, Ct. 

Boston. 

Boston. 

Cambridge. 

Cambridge. 

Charlestown. 

Weston. 

Boston. 

Weston. 

Somerville. 

Weston. 

Dorchester. 

Wellesley Hills. 

Cambridge. 

Boston. 

Boston. 

Millbury. 

Lawrence. 

East Cambridge. 

Washington, D.C. 

Boston. 

Roxbury. 

Boston. 

Cambridge. 

Boston. 

Boston. 

St. Albans, Vt. 

Boston. 

Cambridge. 

Brookline. 

Cambridge. 

San Francisco, Cal. 

Cambridge. 

New York, N.Y. 



REGISTRATION. 



345 



Fox, Jabez, A.B. 1871 

Fox, William Henry, A.B. 1858 . . 
Francis, George Hills, A.B. 1882 . . 
Francis, Laurens Norris, A.B. 1870 
Francke, Kuno, Ph.D., Munich, 1879. 
French, Amos Tuck, A.B. 1885 . . 
French, Francis Ormond, A.B. 1857 . 
French, George Morrill, M.D. 1884 . 
French, Henry Cormerais, A.B. 1882 . 
French, John Davis Williams, A.B. 1863 
French, William Abrams, A.B. 1865 . 

Frost, Edward, A.B. 1850 

Frost, George Seward, A.B. 1865 
Frost, Lewis Pierce, A.B. 1886 . . 
Frothinghara, Benjamin Thompson, A.B. 1863 
Frothingham, Octavius Brooks, A.B. 18i3 
Frothingham, Paul Revere, A.B. 1886 
Frothingham, Theodore Longfellow, A.B. 1884 
Fuller, Arthur Ossoli, A.B. 1877 . . 
Fullerton, William Morton, A.B. 1886 
Furness, Dawes Eliot, A.B. 1868 . 
Furness, William Eliot, A.B. 1860 

Gage, Homer, A.B. 1882 .... 
Gage, James Arthur, A.B. 1879 . . 
Gage, Thomas Hovey, Jr., A.B. 1886 
Gage, William Leonard, A.B. 1853 
Gale, Justin Edwards, A.B. 18G6 . 
Gallagher, William, A.B. 1869 . . 
Galloupe, Charles William, A.B. 1879 
Grannett, William Channing, A.B. 1860 
Gardiner, John Hays, A.B. 1885 . . 
Gardiner, Robert Hallowell, A.B. 1876 
Gardner, Augustus Peabody, A.B. 1886 
Gai'dner, George Peabody, A.B. 1877 
Gardner, John Edward. A.B. 185G 
Gassett, Henry, A.B. 1834 . . . 
Gaston, William Alexander, A.B. 1880 
Gates, Charles Horatio, A.B. 1835 . 
Gates, George Wellesley, M.D. 1884 
Gates, Lewis Edwards, A.B. 1884 . 
Gay, Ebenezer, LL.B. 1841 . . . 
Geddes, James, Jr. A.B. 1880 . . 
Gerould, Charles Walter, A.B. 1883 
Gerry, Edwin Peabody, M.D. 1874 
Gibbons, Joseph McKean, A.B. 1881 
Gibbs, Wolcott, A.B. 1841, Columbia, LL.D 
Gibson, Charles Langdon, A.B. 1886 
Gibson, George Alouzo, A.B. 1872 . 



Cambridge. 
Taunton. 
Brookline. 
Taunton. 
Cambridge. 
New York, N.Y. 
New York, N.Y. 
Maiden. 
Chicago, 111. 
Boston. 
Boston. 
Littleton. 
Dover, N.H. 
Arlington. 
New York, N.Y. 
Boston. 

Jamaica Plain. 
New York, N.Y. 
Exeter, N.H. 
Boston. 
Foxburg, Pa. 
Chicago, III. 

Worcester. 

Lowell. 

Worcester. 

Hartford, Ct. 

Cambridge. 

Easthampton. 

Lynn. 

Chicago, 111. 

Brookline. 

Chestnut Hill. 

Boston. 

Boston. 

Exeter, N.H. 

Dorchester. 

Boston. 

Boston. 

Chelsea. 

Cambridge. 

Boston. 

Brookline. 

Stoughton. 

Jamaica Plain. 

Boston. 

Newport, R.L 

Boston. 

Medford. 



346 



REGISTRATIOX. 



Giddin^s, Edward Leach, A.B. 1856 . . . 

Gifford, William Logan Rodman, A.B. 1884 

Gilbert, Horatio James, A.B. 1858 . . . 

Gildersleeve, Basil Lanneau, Ph.D., LL D., Pro- 
fessor of Greek at Johns Hopkins University 

Gilley, Frank Milton, A.B. 1880 .... 

Gillingham, Thomas Clarence, D.IM.D. 1879 

Gilman, Daniel Coit, LL.D., President of Johns 
Hopkins University 

Gilman, Henry Hale, A.B. 1882 . . 

Gilman, John Heniy, M.D. 1863 . . 

Gilman, Nicholas Paine, B.D. 1871 

Gilman, Stephen, A.B. 1848 . . . . 

Gleason, Albert Augustus, A.B. 1886 . 

Gleason, Charles Bertie, A.B. 1885 

Gleason, Daniel Angell, A.B. 1856 

Glover, Horatio Nelson, Jr., A.B. 1884 

Goddard, Farley Brewer, A.B. 1881 . 

Goddard, Warren Norton, A.B. 1879 . 

Godkin, Edwin Laurence, A.M. 1871 . 

Goldmark, Henry, A.B. 1878 . . . 

Gooch, Frank Austin, A.B. 1872 . . 

Goodale, George Lincoln, M.D. 1863 . 

Goodale, John McGregor, A.B. 1885 , 

Gooding, Alfred, A.B. 1877 .... 

Goodnough, Benjamin Franklin, A.B. 1883 

Goodnough, Xanthus Henry, A.B. 1882 

Goodrich, Arthur Lewis, A.B. 1874 

Goodrich, Charles Newton, A.B. 1873 

Goodridge, James Lawrence, A.B. 1835 

Goodwin, James Wells, A.B. 1877 . . 

Goodwin, Wendell. A.B. 1874 . . . 

Goodwin, William Hobbs, Jr., A.B. 1884 

Goodwin, "William Watson, A.B. 1851 

Gordon, George Angier, A.B. 1831 . 

Gorham, Arthur, A.'^B. 1864 . . . 

Gorham, Robert Stetson, A.B. 1885 

Goss, Francis W'ebster, A.B. 1862 . 

Gould, Benjamin Apthorp, A.B. 1844 

Gove, William Henry, A.B. 1876 . 

Grandgent, Charles Hall, A.B. 1883 

Granuis, Herman Whe^ton, A.B. 1879 

Grant, George Franklin, D.M.D. 1870 

Grant, Robert, A.B. 1873 . . . 

Grant, Patrick, A.B. 1828 . . . 

Grant, Percy Stickney, A.B. 1883 

Gray, Asa, AM. 1844 . . . . 

Gray, Edward, A.B. 1872 . . . 

Gray, Edward Borden, A.B. 1886 



Beverly. 
New Bedford. 
Milton. 

Baltimore, Md. 

Chelsea. 

Boston. 

Baltimore, Md. 
Haverhill. 
Lowell. 
West Newton. 
Lynnfield. 
Milford. 
Duxbury. 
W^est Medford. 
Dorchester. 
Maiden . 

New York, N.Y. 
New York, N.Y. 
New York, N.Y. 
New Haven, Ct. 
Cambridge. 
Utica, N.Y. 
Portsmouth, N.H. 
Brookline. 
Brookline. 
Salem. 
Medford. 
Boston. 
Haverhill. 
Jamaica Plain. 
Jamaica Plain. 
Cambridge. 
Boston. 
Kinsley, Kan. 
Northampton. 
Roxbury. 
Cambridge. 
Salem. 
Cambridge. 
Chicago, 111. 
Arlington Heights 
Boston. 
Boston. 
Brookline. 
Cambridge- 
Boston. 
New Bedford. 



REGISTRATION. 



347 



Gray, Francis Galley, A.B. 1866 

Graj^ George Zabriskie, D.D., Dean of Episcopal 

Theological School, Cambridge 
Gray, John Chipman, A.B. 1859 
Gray, Morris, A.B. 1877 . . . 
Gray, Reginald, A.B. 1875 . . 
Gray, Thomas Herbert, A.B. 1867 
Green, Charles Montraville, A.B. 1874 
Green, George Walton, A.B. 1876 . 
Green, James, A.B. 18G2 .... 
Green, John, A.B. 1855 .... 
Green, Samuel Abbott, A.B. 1851 . 
Greene, Frederick Lewis, A.B. 1876 
Greene, Herbert Eveleth, A.B. 1881 
Greene, James Sumner, M.D. 1863 
Greenhalge, Frederic Thomas, A.B. 1863 
Greenleaf, Eugene Douglass, A.B. 1866 
Greenman, Walter Folger, A.B. 1885 . 
Greenough, Charles Pelham, A.B. 1864 
Greenough, David Stoddard, A.B. 1865 
Greenough, Francis Boott, A.B. 1859 . 
Greenough, James Bradstreet, A.B. 1856 
Greenough, James Jay, A.B. 1882 . . 
Greenough, Malcolm Scollay, A.B. 1868 
Greenough, William Whitwell, A.B. 1837 
Gregory, Charles Augustus, A.B. 1855 
Greve, Charles Theodore, A.B. 1884 . 
Griffin, Henry Arthur, A.B. 1886 . . 
Grinnell, Charles Edward, A.B. 1862 
Griswold, Loren Erskine, A.B. 1884 . 
Guild, Curtis, Jr., A.B. 1881 . . . 
Guild, Charles Eliot, A.B. 1846 . . 
Guild, Samuel Eliot, A.B. 1872 . . . 
Guiteras, Ramon Benjamin, M.D. 1883 
Gummere, Francis Barton, A.B. 1875 
Gunnison, Binney, A.B. 1886 . . 
Gurnee, Augustus Coe, A.B. 1878 . 



Hackett, Frank Warren, A.B. 1861 
Hagar, Eugene Bigelow, A.B. 1871 
Hagen, Hermann August, Ph.D. 1836, 
Hale, Abraham Garland Randall, LL 
Hale, Albert, A.B. 1861 .... 
Hale, Arthur, A.B. 1880 . . . . 
Hale, Edward, A.B. 1879 .... 
Hale, Edward Everett, A.B. 1839 . 
Hale, Edwin Blaisdell, LL.B. 1875 
Hale, George Silsbee, A.B. 1844 . 
Hale, William Gardner, A.B. 1870 



Boston. 



. Cambridge. 

. Boston. 

. Chestnut Ilill. 

. Boston. 

. Walpole. 

. Boston. 

. New York, N. Y. 

. Worcester. 

. St. Louis, Mo. 

. Boston. 

. Greenfield. 
Garden City, L.I., N.Y. 

. Milton. 

. Lowell. 

. Boston. 

. Chelsea. 

. Brookline. 

. Boston. 

. Boston. 

. Cambridge. 

. Cambridge. 

. Boston. 

. Boston. 

. Chicago, 111. 

. Cincinnati, O. 

. New York, N.Y. 

. Boston. 

. Boston. 

. Boston. 

. Boston. 

. Boston. 

. New York, N.Y. 

. New Bedford. 

. Roxbury. 

. New York, N.Y. 



Konigsberg 
B. 1871 . 



Washington, D.C. 

Boston. 

Cambridge. 

Stow. 

Dedham. 

Philadelphia, Pa. 

Boston. 

Roxbury. 

Cambridge. 

Boston. 

Ithaca, N.Y. 



348 REGISTRATION. 

Hall, Arthur Lawrence, A.B. 1880 Revere. 

Hall, Asaph, A.M. 1879; LL.D. Yale. Professor 

of Mathematics, U. S. Navy Washington, D.C. 

Hall, Asaph, Jr., A.B. 1882 New Haven, Ct. 

Hall. Benjamin Homer, A.B. 1851 Troy, N.Y. 

Hall, Edward Henry, A.B. 1851, Pastor of the First 

Parish, Cambridge Cambridge. 

Hall, Edwin Herbert, A.B. 1875, Bowdoin . . . Cambridge. 

Hall, Frank Rockwood, A.B. 1872 Brookline. 

Hall, Frederic Bound, A.B. 1880 Somerville. 

Hall, James, S.B., Rensselaer Polytechnic Insti- 
tute, 1832, S^a^e Ceo^^H iV.F. Albany, N.Y. 

Hall, James jMilton, A.B. 1883 Haverhill. 

Hall, Robert Sprague, A.B. 1872 Charlestown. 

Hall, Thomas Bartlett, A.B. 1813 Brookline. 

Hall, William Stickney, A.B. 1869 Cambridge. 

Hallowell, Norwood Penrose, A.B. 1861 . . . . West Medford. 

Halsey, Frederic Robert, A.B. 1868 New York, N.Y. 

Halstead, Thomas, A.B. 1856 New York, N.Y. 

Hamilton, Charles Albert, A.B. 1878 Medford. 

Hamlin, Charles Sumner, A.B. 1883 Roxbury. 

Hamlin, Cyrus, D.D. 1861; LL.D. Ex-President 

of Robert College Lexington. 

Hamlin, Edward Everett, A.B. 1886 Roxbury. 

Hamlin, Frank, A.B. 1884 Bangor, Me. 

Hammond, Samuel, Jr., A.B. 1881 Boston. 

Hammond, Walter Whitney, A.B. 1863 .... Philadelphia, Pa. 

Hanks, Charles Stedman, A.B. 1879 Cambridge. 

Hansen, Otto Reinhardt, A.B. 1885 Milwaukee, AVis. 

Hapgood, Asa Gustavus, A.B. 1872 Boston. 

Harding, Enior Herbert, A.B. 1876 Boston. 

Harding, George Franklin, A.B. 1849 .... Chicago, 111. 

Harding, Louis Branch, A.B. 1879 Stamford, Ct. 

Harding, Selwin Lewis, A.B. 1886 Cambridge. 

Harding, William Penn, A.B. 1853 . . . . . Cambridge. 

Hardon, Henry Winthrop, A.B. 1882 .... New York, N.Y. 

Hardon, Joseph Bradford, A.B. 1861 Jamaica Plain. 

Hard wick, Charles Theodore, A.B. 1884 . . . Quincy. 

Hardy, Alpheus Holmes, A.B. 1861 Boston. 

Harlow, Edwin Augustus Warren, A.B. 1841 . . Quincy Point. 

Harlow, Robert Henry, A.B. 1841 Quincy Point. 

Harrington, Charles, A.B. 1878 Boston. 

Harrington, Francis Bishop, M.D. 1881 .... Boston. 

Harris, Charles Nathan, LL.B. 1884 Boston. 

Harris, George Balmer, A.B. 1886 Salem. 

Harris, Thaddeus William, A.B. 1884 .... Cohasset. 

Harris, Tlwmas Robinson, A.B. 1863 .... New York, N.Y. 

Hart, Albert Bushnell, A.B. 1880 Cambridge. 

Hartshorn, George Trumbull, A.B. 1882 . . . Taunton. 



REGISTRATION. 



349 



1868 



Hartshorne, James Mott, Jr., A.B. 1885 
Hartwell, Alfred Stedman, A.B. 1858 
Hartwell, Shattuck, A.B. 1844 , . . 
Harwood, Herbert Joseph, A.B. 1877 
Haskell, Augustus Mellen, A.B. 1856 
Raskins, David Greene, A.B. 1837 
Raskins, David Greene, Jr., A.B. 1866 
Rassam, John Tyler, A.B. I860 
Hastings, Edward Rogers, A.B. 1878 
Hastings, George Russell, A.B. 1848 
Hastings, Leslie, A.B. 1871 . . . 
Hastings, William Henry Howe, M.D 
Hatch, Arthur Gillespie, A.B 1884 
Hathaway, Francis, A.B. 1849 . . 
Hathaway, Horatio, A.B. 1850 . . 
Hauteville, Frederic Sears Grand d', A.B 
Rawes, Edward Southworth, A.B. 1880 
Hawes, Nathaniel Ware, D.M.D. 1879 
Hawkins, Eugene Dexter, A.B. 1881 
Ray, Gustavus, A.B. 1850 . . . 
Hayden, Edward Daniel, A.B. 18.54 
Hayden, Horace John, A.B. 1860 . 
Hayes, Alexander Ladd, A.B. 1863 
Hayes, Augustus Allen, A.B. 1857 
Hayes, Hammond Vinton, A.B. 1883 
Hayes, William Allen, Jr., A.B. 1884 
Hayes, William Allen, 2d., A.B. 1866 
Haynes, Henry Harrison, A.B. 1873 . 
Haynes, Henry Williamson, A.B. 1851 
Hayward, Charles Latham, Jr., A.B. 1869 
Hayward, Lemuel, A.B. 1845 . . . 
Hazard, Daniel Lyman, A.B. 1885 
Hedge, Frederic Henry, A.B. 1825 
Hedge, Frederic Henry, Jr., A.B. 1851 
Heilbron, George Henry, A.B. 1883 . 
Hemenway, Augustus, A.B. 1875 . . 
Hemenway, Charles Morrison, A.B. 1881 
Hemmenway, Horace Pierce, M.D. 1862 
Henry, Bertram Curtis, A.B. 1886 . . 
Renshaw, Henry Arnold, A.B. 1886 . 
Henshaw, John Andrew, A.B. 1847 . 
Herrick, Edwin Hayden, A.B. 1877 . 
Reywood, John Healy, A.B. 1836 . , 
Hickox, Ralph W., A.B. 1872 . . . 
Hidden, William Henry, Jr., A.B., 1885 
Rigginson, Edward, A.B. 1874 . . . 
Rigginson, Francis Lee, A.B. 1863 
Rigginson, Henry Lee, A.M. 1882 . . 
Rigginson, James Jackson, A.B. 1857 



1859 



New York, N.Y. 

South Natick. 

Littleton. 

Littleton. 

West Roxbury. 

Cambridge. 

Cambridge. 

Boston. 

South Weymouth. 

Boston. 

Cambridge. 

Boston. 

Cambridge. 

New Bedford. 

New Bedford. 

Boston. 

Boston. 

Boston. 

New York, N.Y. 

Boston. 

Woburn. 
, New York, N.Y. 

Cambridge. 

Washington, D.C. 

Cambridge. 

Cambridge. 
, Cambridge 
, Tilton, N.H. 

Boston. 
, Boston. 

Keene, N.H. 
Narragansett Pier, R.I. 
. Cambridge. 
, Lawrence. 
, Boston. 
. Boston. 
. Soraerville. 
. East Somerville. 
. Brookline. 
, Montvale. 
, Cambridge. 
. Philadelphia, Pa. 
. Meli-ose. 
. Cleveland, O. 
. Cambridgeport. 
. Fall River. 
, Boston. 
. Boston. 
. New York, N.Y. 



350 



REGISTRATION. 



Higginson, Thomas Wentworth, A.B. 1841 . . . 

Higginson, Waldo, A.B. 1833 

Eight, LeRoy Lincoln, A.B. 1886 

Hill, Adams Sherman, A.B. 1853 

Hill, Benjamin Thomas, A.B. 1886 

Hill, Edward Bruce, A.B. 1874 

Hill, Edwin Newell, A.B. 1872 

Hill, Hamilton Alonzo, A.B. 1853 

Hill, Henry Barker, A.B. 1869 

Hill, Henry Eveleth, A.B. 1872 

Hill, Thomas, A.B. 1813 

Hill, William Bancroft, A.B. 1879 

Hilliard, Samuel Haven, A.B. 1859 

Hillis, John, A.B. 1868 

Hills, William Barker, A.B. 1871 

Hills, William Henry, A.B. 1880 

Hinckley, Henry, A.B. 18G0 

Hinkley, Holmes, A.B. 1876 

Hitchcock, Edward, M.D. 1853 

Hitchcock, James Ripley Wellman, A.B. 1877 
Hitchcock, Roswell D wight, D.D., LL D., Presl 
dent of Union Theological Seminary, N. Y. City 
Hoar, David Blakely, A.B. 1876 . 
Hoar, Ebenezer Rockwood, A.B. 1835 
Hoar, George Ebenezer, A.B. 1883 
Hoar, George Frisbie, A.B. 1846, U. 

for Massachusetts 

Hoar, Rockwood, A.B. 1876 . . . 
Hoar, Samuel, A.B. 1867 .... 
Hoar, Sherman, A.B. 1882 . . . 
Hobart, George Burnap, A.B. 1875 
Hobbs, Charles Gushing, A.B. 1855 
Hobbs, George Miller, A.B. 1850 . 
Hobbs, Marland Cog.swell, A.B. 1885 
Hochdorfer, Richard, Ph.D. Leipzig 
Hodges, Amory Glazier, A.B. 1874 
Hodges, Archie Livingstone, A.B. 1883 
Hodges, George Clarendon, D.B. 1879 
Hodges, Richard Manning, A.B. 1847 
Hodges, William Donnison, A.B. 1877 
Hodgkins, William Candler, S.B. 1877 
Hoffman, Edward Fenno, A.B. 1809 
Holden, Harry, A.B. 1885 . . . 
Holder, Frederic Blake, A.B. 1881 
Holland, Arthur, A.B. 1872 . . . 
Holland, Frederic May, A.B. 1859 
Holland, Frederic West, A.B. 1831 
Hollingsworth, Amor Leander, A.B. 1859 
Holman, John Charles, A.B. 1876 . . . 



Senator 



Cambridge. 

Boston. 

Portland, Me. 

Cambridge. 

Worcester. 

New York, N.Y. 

Haverhill. 

Boston. 

Cambridge. 

Worcester. 

Portland, Me. 

Athens, N.Y. 

Boston. 

Mayuard. 

Cambridge. 

Roxbury. 

Lynn. 

Boston. 

Amherst. 

New York, N.Y. 

New York, N.Y. 
Brookline. 
Concord. 
Vernon, Vt. 

Worcester. 

Worcester. 

Concord. 

Waltham. 

Plymouth. 

South Berwick, Me. 

Boston. 

Brookline. 

Cambridge. 

New York, N.Y. 

Taunton. 

Boston. 

Boston. 

Boston. 

Wa.shington, D.C. 

Philadelphia, Pa. 

Haverhill. 

Boston. 

New York, N.Y. 

Concord. 

Concord. 

Milton. 

Brookline. 



REGISTRATION. 351 

Holman, William Henry, A.B. 1875 Southport, Ct. 

Holmes, Artemas Henry, A.B. 1870 New York, N.Y. 

Holmes, Howland, A.B. 1843 Lexington. 

Holmes, John, A.B. 1832 Cambridge. 

Holmes, John Parker, A.B. 1884 Philadelphia, Pa. 

Holmes, Nathaniel, A.B. 1837 Cambridge. 

Holmes, Oliver Wendell, A.B. 1829, M D., D.C.L., 

LL.D Boston. 

Holmes, Oliver Wendell, Jr., A.B. 1861 .... Boston. 

Holt, Jacob Farnum, A.B. 1857 Philadelphia, Pa. 

Homans, John, A.B. 1858 Boston. 

Homer, Charles Savage, S.B. 1855 New York, N.Y. 

Homer, Thomas Johnston, A.B. 1879 Roxbury. 

Honeywell, Thomas Miller, A.B. 1874 . . . . Oil City, Pa. 

Hood, Frederic Clark, A.B. 1886 Chelsea. 

Hooker, Edward Dwight, M.D. 1883 Cambridge. 

Hooper, Edward William, A.B. 1859 Cambridge. 

Hooper, Nathaniel Leech, A.B. 1846 Boston. 

Hooper, Sewall Henry, A.B. 1875 Hingham. 

Hooper, William, A.B. 1880 Boston. 

Hopkins, Abram Duane, A.B. 1879 New York, N.Y. 

Hopkins, Adoniram Judson, A.B. 1874 .... East Boston. 

Hopkins, James Hughes, A.B. 1882 Provincetown. 

Hopkins, Mark, A.M., M.D., S.T.D., LL.D , Pro- 
fessor of Moral and Intellectual Philosophy at 

Williams College Williamstown- 

Hopkinson, John Prentiss, A.B. 1861 .... Cambridge. 

Hornbrooke, Francis Bickford, D.B. 1877 . . . Newton. 

Home, Edwin Temple, A.B. 1864 Dorchester 

Horsford, Eben Norton, A.M. 1847 Cambridge. 

Horton, Charles Paine, A.B. 1857 Bourne. 

Horton, Edwin Johnson, A.B. 1860 ....". Pomeroy, O. 

Horton, Henry Kenney, A.B. 1870 Boston. 

Horton, Samuel Dana, A.B. 1864 Pomeroy, O. 

Hosmer, Alfred, A.B. 1853 Watertown. 

Hosmer, Samuel Dana, A.B. 1850 Auburn. 

Houghton, Henry Oscar, A.B. 1877 Cambridge. 

Houston, Frank Augustine, A.B. 1879 .... Haverhill. 

Howard, Albert Andrew, A.B. 1882 Boston. 

Howard, Charles Tasker, A.B. 1856 ' Boston. 

Howard, Edwin, A.B. 1885 Chelmsford. 

Howard, William DeCreet, A.B. 1879 Chicago, 111. 

Howe, Archibald Murray, A.B. 1869 Cambridge. 

Howe, Henry Marion, A.B. 1869 Boston. 

Howe, Henry Saltonstall, A.B. 1869 Biddeford, Me. 

Howe, John Edward, A.B. 1884 Cambridgeport. 

Howe, Octavius Thorndike, A B. 1873 .... Lawrence. 

Howe, Walter Henry, A.B, 1886 Lowell. 

Howes, George Edwin, A.B. 1886 Stamford, Ct. 



352 REGISTRATION. 

Howland, Francis, A.B. 1849 New York, N.Y. 

Howland, William Russell, LL.B. 1885 .... Cambridge. 

Hubbard, Charles Wells, A.B. 1878 Weston. 

Hubbard, Harry, A.B. 1881 Maiden. 

Hubbard, William Hammond, A.B. 1879 . . . Chicago, 111. 

Huddleston, John Henry, A.B. 1886 Boston. 

Hudson, Charles Henry, A.B. 1846 Somerville. 

Hudson, John Elbridge, A.B. 1862 ..... Boston. 

Hudson, Woodward, A.B. 1879 Concord. 

Huidekoper, Edgar, A.B. 1868 Meadville, Pa. 

Hulme, Peter, A B. 1872 Poughkeepsie, N.Y. 

Hulse, Samuel Vaughn, LL B. 1872 Newark, N.J. 

Humason, William Lawrence, A.B. 1877 , . . New Britain, Ct. 

Humphrey, James Ellis, S.B. 1886 North Weymouth. 

Humphreys, Charles Alfred, A.B. 1860 .... Framingham. 

Hunt, Edward Browne, A.B. 1878 Boston. 

Hunt, Frederick Thayer, A.B. 1882 AVeymouth. 

Hunt, Freeman, A.B. 1877 North Cambridge. 

Hunting, Nathaniel Stevens, A.B. 1884 .... Des Moines, la. 

Huntington, Oliver Whipple, A.B. 1881 .... Cambridge. 
Huntington, William Edwards, Dean of College of 

Liberal Arts, Boston Unirersity ...... Newton Centre. 

Hurley, Frank Edward, A.B. 1886 Farmington, N.H. 

Hutchins, Herbert Bacon, A.B. 1886 .... Tivoli-on-Hudson, N.Y, 

Hutchins, William Everett, A.B. 1879 .... North Cambridge. 

Hutchinson, Gardiner Spring, LL.B. 1858 . . . New York, N.Y. 

Hutchinson, Marcello, A.B. 1872 Taunton. 

Hyatt, Alpheus, S.B. 1862 Cambridge. 

Hyde, George Smith, A.B. 1853 Boston. 

Hyde, Thomas Alexander, A.B. 1881 Cambridge. 

Hyde, William, A.B. 1881 Weymouth. 

Hyde, William DeWitt, A.B. 1879, President of 

Bowdoin College Brunswick, Me. 

Inches, Chai-les Edward, A.B. 1861 Boston. 

Ingalls, Edmond Cunningham, A.B. 1873 . . , Saco, Me. 

Ingalls, William, A.B. 1835 Boston. 

Ingalsbe, Grenville Mellen, LL.B. 1872 .... Sandy Hill, N.Y. 

Ireland' Frederick Guion, A.B. 1868 New York, N.Y. 

Irish, Cyrus Wendell, A.B. 1885 Lowell. 

Isham, Charles, A.B. 1876 New York, N.Y. 

Ives, David Otis, A.B. 1879 Salem. 

Jack, Edwin Everett, A.B. 1884 Boston. 

Jackson, Alton Atwell, M.D. 1883 E. Jefiferson, Me. 

Jackson, Charles Cabot, A.B. 1863 Boston. 

Jackson, Charles Loring, A.B. 1867 Cambridge. 

Jackson, Edward, A.B. 1849 Boston. 

Jackson, Ernest, A.B. 1878 Boston. 



I 



REGISTRATION. 353 

Jackson, Frank, A.B. 1871 Boston. 

Jackson, George West, A.B. 1879 Boston. 

Jackson, Ileni-y, A.B. 1880 Boston. 

Jackson, James Frederick, A.B. 1873 Fall River. 

Jackson, Louis Lincoln, A.B. 1885 Brighton. 

Jackson, Patrick Tracy, Jr., A.B. 1865 .... Cambridge. 

Jackson, Robert Tracy, S.B. 1884 Boston. 

Jacob, Lawrence, A.B. 1878 New York, N.Y. 

Jacobs, Francis Wayland, LL.B. 1861 .... Boston. 

Jacobs, George Edward, A.B. 1876 Dorchester. 

Jacobs, Henry Barton, A.B. 1883 West Scituate. 

Jacobs, Justin Allen, A.B. 1839 Cambridge. 

James, William, M.D. 1869 Cambridge. 

Jaques, Henry Percy, A.B. 1876 Milton. 

Jaretzki, Alfred, A.B. 1881 New York, N.Y. 

Jaynes, Julian Clifford, D.B. 1884 West Newton. 

Jeffries, Benjamin Joy, A.B. 1854 Boston. 

Jeffries, Walter Lloyd, A.B. 1875 Boston. 

Jeffries, William Augustus, A.B. 1875 .... Boston. 

Jenks, Charles William, A.B. 1871 Boston. 

Jenks, Henry Fitch, A.B. 1863 Canton. 

Jennings, Charles Herbert, A.B. 1884 .... Cambridge. 

Jennings, Edward Borden, A.B. 1886 Fall River. 

Jennison, Frank Elwood, A.B. 1883 New York, N.Y. 

Jewett, George Frank, A.B. 1886 Cambridge. 

Jillson, Franklin Campbell, M.D. 1886 .... Maiden. 

Johnson, Amos Howe, A.B. 1853 Salem. 

Johnson, Arthur Stoddard, A.B. 1885 Boston. 

Johnson, Charles Rensselaer, A.B. 1875 .... Worcester. 

Johnson, Edward Crosby, A.B. 1860 Boston. 

Johnson, Francis Howe, A.B. 18.56 Andover. 

Johnson, John Warren, A B. 1873 Woburn. 

Johnson, Laurence Henry Hitch, A.B. 1880 . . . Boston. 

Jones, Arthur Earl, A.B. 1867 Cambridge. 

Jones, Claudius Marcellns, A.B. 1866 Boston. 

Jones, George Warren, M.D. 1872 Cambridgeport. 

Jones, Gilbert Norris, A.B. 1884 Bangor, Me. 

Jones, Henry Champion, A.B. 1880 Boston. 

Jones, Henry Olmstead, A.B. 1881 Columbus, O. 

Jones, Henry Walter, A.B. 1885 Cambridge. 

Jones, Jesse Henry, A.B. 1856 North Abington. 

Jones, Leonard Angustus, A.B 1855 Boston. 

Jones, Samuel Cleaves, A.B. 1886 Roxbury. 

Jones, Walter Ingersoll, A.B. 1874 Boston. 

Jordan, Frederic Dolbier, A B 1880 Lawrence. 

Jordan, James Clark, A.B. 1870 Boston. 

Joy, Frederic, A.B. 1881 Winchester. 

Joyce, George Frederic, A.B. 1881 Merrimac. 

Judkins, Benjamin, A.B. 1848 Concord. 

23 



354 REGISTRATION. 

Kaan, Frank Warton,' A.B. 1883 Somerville. 

Keasbey, p]dward Qiiinton, LL.B. 1870 .... Newark, N.J. 

Keating, Patrick Michael, A.B. 1883 Boston. 

Keegan, Dermot Warburton, A.B. 1862 .... New York, N.Y. 

Keegan, Vincent Elijah, M.D. 1865 Boston. 

Keene, Francis Bowler, A.B. 1880 Milwaukee, Wis. 

Keener, William Albert, LL.B. 1877 Cambridge 

Keith, Arthur, A.B. 1885 Wollaston. 

Keith, George Paul, A.B. 1883 Wollaston. 

Keith, Merton Spencer, A.B. 1872 Quincy. 

Kelley, Clarence Erskine, A.B. 1873 Haverhill. 

Kelley, Webster, A.B. 1879 Boston. 

Kellner, Maximilian Lindsay, A.B. 1885 .... Cambridge. 

Kelly, George Reed, A.B. 1880 Boston. 

Kelsey, Ambrose Parsons, Ph.D., Professor of Natu- 
ral History in Hamilton College Clinton, N.Y. 

Kendall, Charles Grant, A.B. 1817 New York, N.Y. 

Kendall, Frank Alexander, A.B. 1886 Framingham. 

Kendall, Joshua, A.B. 1853 Cambridgeport. 

Kenison, Nehemiah Samuel, A.B. 1883 .... Allenstown, N.H. 

Kennedy, George Golding, A.B. 1884 Readville. 

Kent, Edward, A.B. 1883 New York, N.Y. 

Kent, John Bryden, M.D. 1869 .' . Putnam, Ct. 

Kent, John Fuller, A.B. 1875 Concord, N.H. 

Kettell, Charles Willard, A.B. 1870 Cambridge. 

Kettell, George Adams, A.B. 1866 Charlestown. 

Keyes, John Shepard, A.B. 1811 Concord. 

Keyes, Prescott, A.B. 1879 Concord. 

Kidder, Camillus George, A.B. 1872 New York, N.Y. 

Kidder, Edward Hartwell, A.B. 1863 Brooklyn, N.Y. 

Kidder, Frederic Henry, A.B. 1876 Medford. 

Kidder, Jerome Henry, A.B. 1862 Washington, D.C. 

Kidner, Reuben, A.B. 1875 Boston. 

Kilby, Henry Sherman, A.B. 1873 No. Attleborough. 

Kimball, David Pulsifer, A.B. 1856 Boston. 

Kimball, Henry Colman, A.B. 1840 Stoughton. 

Kimball, Marcus Morton, A.B. 1886 Boston. 

Kimball, Wallace Lowe, A B. 1875 Bradford. 

Kimball, William Frederick, A.B. 1875 .... Chelsea. 

King, Charles Carroll, A.B. 1885 Montpelier, Vfc. 

King, Edward, A.B. 1853 New York, N.Y. 

King, Moses, A.B. 1881 Newton. 

King, Stephen Henry, M.D. 1872 Providence, R.I. 

Kingsbury, Edward Phipps, A.B. 1879 .... Holliston. 

Kinney, Henry Nason, A.B. 1879 Winsted, Ct. 

Kirby, Edward Napoleon Cambridge. 

Knapp, Arthur Mason, A.B. 1863 Boston. 

Knapp, Arthur May, A.B. 1860 Watertown. 

Knapp, Frederick Newman, A.B. 1813 .... Plymouth. 



REGISTRATION. 355 

Knapp, Philip Coombs, A.B. 1878 Boston. 

Knowles, Arthur Jacob, A.B. 1881 Boston. 

Knowlton, Thomas Oaks, LL.B. 1871 .... New Boston, N.H. 

Ladd, Babson Savilian, A.B. 1870 Boston. 

Lamar, Hon. Lucius Quiiitius Curtius, Secretary 

of the Interior Washington, D.C. 

Lamb, Charles Estus, A.B. 188G Providence, R.I. 

Lamb, Horatio Appleton, A.B. 1871 Boston. 

Lambert, William Bartlett, A.B. 1867 .... Cambridge. 

Lamson, Artemas Ward, A.B. 1849 Dedham. 

Lamson, Charles Dudley, S.B. 18G5 Boston. 

Lamson, Gardner Swift, A.B. 1877 Boston. 

Lancaster, Walter Moody, A.B. 1879 Worcester. 

Lanciani, Rodolfo, Professor of Archceology in 

University of Rome Rome, Italy. 

Lane, Edward Binney, A.B. 1881 Boston. 

Lane, Gardiner Martin, A.B. 1881 Cambridge. 

Lane, George Martin, A.B. 1846 Cambridge. 

Lane, John Chapin, A.B. 1875 Norwood. 

Lane, William Coolidge, A.B. 1881 Cambridge. 

Langdell, Christopher Columbus, A.B. 18.")1 . . Cambridge. 

Langley, Samuel Pierpont, Director of the Observa- 
tory at Allegheny City, Pa Allegheny, Pa. 

Langmaid, Samuel Wood, A.B. 1859 Boston. 

Lanman, Charles Rockwell, A.B. 1871, Yale . . Cambridge. 

Lapeyre, George Fortune, A.B. 1886 New Orleans, La. 

Latham, Aaron Hobart, A.B. 1877 Brookline. 

Lathrop, Andrew Janes, A.B. 18.59 Waltham. 

Lathrop, William Henry, A.B. 1863 Lowell. 

Latimer, George Dimmick, D.B. 1886 .... Cambridge. 

Laughliu, James Laurence, A.B. 1873 .... Cambridge. 

Lawrance, William Irvin, D.B. 1885 Dorchester. 

Lawrence, Amory Appleton, A.B. 1870 .... Boston. 

Lawrence, Arthur, A.B. 1863 Stockbridge. 

Lawrence, George Porter, LL.B. 1860 .... Cambridge. 

Lawrence, James, A.B. 1874 Groton. 

Lawrence, Rosewell Bigelow, A.B. 1878 .... Medford. 

Lawrence, Samuel Crocker, A.B. 1855 .... Medford. 

Lawrence, William, A.B. 1871 Cambridge. 

Lawrence. William Badger, A.B. 1879 .... Medford. 

Lawton, Alexander Robert, LL.B. 1842 .... Savannah, Ga. 

Lawton, Frederick, A.B. 1874 Lowell. 

Lawton, William Cranston, A.B. 1873 .... Cambridge. 

Learned, William Pollock, A.B. 1880 Pittsfield. 

Learoyd, Charles Henry, A.B. 1858 Taunton. 

Leatherbee, George Henry, A.B. 1882 .... Parkersburg, W. Va. 

Ledlie, George Hees, A.B. 1884 Cambridge. 

Lee, Daniel David, D.V.S. 1886 Jamaica Plain. 



356 REGISTRATION. 

Lee, Edward Thomas, A.B. 1886 Hartford, Ct. 

Lee, Elliot Cabot, A.B. 1876 Brookline. 

Lee, Frederick Schiller, A.B., St. Lawretice Uni- 
versity, 1878 Canton, N.Y. 

Lee, Henry, A.B. 1836 Brookline. 

Lee, Joseph, A.B. 1883 Brookline. 

Lee, Thomas, A.B. 1879 Washington, D.C. 

Leeds, Albert Ripley, A.B. 1865 Hoboken, N.J. 

Lefavour, Edward Brown, A.B. 1876 Beverly. 

Legate, Burton John, A.B. 1877 Boston. 

Leidy, Joseph, M.D., LL.D., Director of the Bio- 
logical Department, and Professor of Anatomy , 

University of Pennsylvania Philadelphia, Pa. 

Leland, Willis Daniels, A.B. 1876 North Weymouth. 

Le ]Moyne, Francis Julius, A.B. 1877 Chicago, 111. 

Leonard, Amos Morse, A.B. 1866 Boston. 

Leonard, Frederick Moses, A.B. 1879 Philadelphia, Pa. 

Leverett, George Vasmer, A.B. 1867 Cambridge. 

Lewis, Edwin Creswell, A.B. 1859 Laconia, N.H. 

Lewis, Henry Foster, A.B. 1885 Chicago, 111. 

Lewis, Isaac Xewton, A.B. 1873 Walpole. 

Lighthipe, Charles Francis, A.B. 1875 . . . . Orange, N.J. 

Lilienthal, Howard, A.B. 1883 Saratoga Springs, N.Y. 

Lincoln, Albert Lamb, Jr., A.B. 1872 .... Brookline. 

Lincoln, Arthur, A.B. 1863 Boston. 

Lincoln, Charles Sprague, A.B. 1850 Somerville. 

Lincoln, Charles Jairus, A.B. 1865 . . . Aspinwall Hill, Brookline. 

Lincoln, Francis Henry, A.B. 1867 Hingham. 

Lincoln, Francis Newhall, A.B. 1871 Boston. 

Lincoln, Frederic Walker, A.M. 1855 . . . Mt. Everett, Dorchester. 

Lincoln, Nathan, A.B. 1842 Cambridgeport. 

Lincoln, Solomon, A.B. 1857 Bo.ston. 

Lincoln, Waldo, A.B. 1870 Worcester. 

Littauer, Lucius Nathan, A.B. 1878 New York, N.Y. 

Littauer, William, A.B. 1886 New York, N.Y. 

Littlefield, George Emery, A.B. 1866 North Cambridge. 

Livermore, Joseph Perkins, A.B. 1875 .... Cambridge. 

Livingood, Frank Shalter, A.B. 1876 Reading, Pa. 

Lloyd, Alfred Henry, A.B. 1886 Montclair, N.J. 

Locke, Warren Andrew, A.B. 1869 Cambridge. 

Lodge, Henry Cabot, A.B. 1871 Nahant. 

Loeser, Charles Alexander, A.B. 1886 .... New York, N.Y. 

Lombard, Josiah, A.B. 1863 New York, N.Y. 

Lombard, Warren Plimpton, A.B. 1878 .... New York, N.Y. 

Lombard, William Alden, A.B 1883 Boston. 

Long, Joseph Mansfield, A.B. 1885 "Brookline. 

Longfellow, Alexander Wadsworth, Jr., A.B. 1876 Portland, Me. 

Longfellow, Samuel, A.B. 1839 Cambridge. 

Longfellow, William Pitt Preble, A.B. 1855 . . Boston. 



REGISTRATION. 357 

Lord, Arthur, A.B. 1872 Plymouth. 

Lord, Augustus Mendon, A.B. 1883 Cambridge. 

Lord, Eliot, A.B. 1873 Boston. 

Lord, William Tyler, A.B. 1883 Boston. 

Loring, Augustus Peabody, A.B. 1878 .... Boston. 

Loriug, Caleb William, A.B. 1839 Beverly Farms. 

Loring, Francis Caleb, A.B. 1863 Boston. 

Loring, George Bailey, A.B. 1838 Salem. 

Loring, William Caleb, A.B. 1872 Boston. 

Lothrop, Arthur Prescott, A.B. 1882 Taunton. 

Loud, John Jacob, A.B. 18G6 Weymouth 

Lounsbury, Edward Haskell, A.B. 1884 .... Woburn. 

Lovering, Charles Taylor, A.B. 1868 Boston. 

Lovering, Ernest, A.B. 1881 Cambridge. 

Lovering, James Walker, A.B. 1866 Cambridge. 

Lovering, Josejih, A.B. 1833 Cambridge. 

Lovett, Robert Williamson, A.B. 1881 .... Boston. 

Lovejoy, Charles Averill, A.B. 1868 Lynn. 

Lowe, Fred Messenger, M.D. 1884 Boston. 

Lowell, Abbott Lawrence, A.B. 1877 Boston. 

Lowell, Edward Jackson, A.B. 1867 Boston. 

Lowell, Francis Cabot, A.B. 1876 Boston. 

Lowell, James Russell, A.B. 1838, D.C.L., LL.D. . Southborough. 

Lowell, John, A.B. 1843 Chestnut Hill. 

Lowell, John, Jr., A.B. 1877 Chestnut Hill. 

Lowell, Percival, A.B. 1876 Boston. 

Lowman, Jesse, A.B. 1884 Cincinnati, O. 

Luce, Robert, A.B. 1882 Somerville. 

Ludlow, James Bettner, A.B. 1881 New York, N.Y. 

Lull, Herbert Warren, A.B. 1874 Milford. 

Lunt, Edward Clark, A.B. 1886 Maiden. 

Lyman, Arthur, A B. 1883 Boston. 

Lyman, Arthur Theodore, A.B. 1853 Boston. 

Lyman, Benjamin Smith, A.B. 1855 Northampton. 

Lyman, Charles Parker, F.R.C.V.S. Chestnut Hill. 

Lyman, George Hinckley, Jr., A.B. 1873 . . . Boston. 

Lyman, Theodore, A.B. 1855 Brookline. 

Lyon, David Gordon, A.B. 1875 Cambridge. 

Lyon, Henry, A.B. 1835 Charlestown. 

Lyon, William Henry, D B. 1873 Roxbury. 

McAllister, Hall, Jr., A.B. 1886 San Francisco, Cal. 

McArthur, John R., A.B 1885 Chicago, 111. 

McCagg, Louis Butler, A.B. 1884 New York, N.Y. 

McCleary, Samuel Foster, A.B. 1841 Brookline. 

McCook," Robert Latimer, A.B. 1885 New York, N.Y. 

McCosh, James, D.D., LL.D., President of College 

of New Jerxey Princeton, N.J. 

McCoy, Walter Ii-ving, A.B. 1882 Troy, N.Y. 



358 



REGISTRATION. 



74 



McDaniel, Benjamin Franklin, D.B. 1869 
McDaniel, Saumel Walton, LL.B. 1878 . 
Macdonald, Loren Benjamin, A.B. 1886 (B.D 
McDuffie, John, Jr., A.B. 1884 . . 
McGrath, Thomas, LL.B. 1865 . . 
McGrew, Gifford Horace Greeley, A.B. IS 
Machado, Jose Antonio, A.B. 1883 . . 
Machen, Arthur Webster, LL.B. 1851 
McTnnes, Edwin Guthrie, A.B. 1883 . 
Mclnnes, William Morrow, A.B. 1885 
Mclntire, Farrington, A.B. 1843 . . 
Mack, Alfred, LL.B. 1883 .... 
Mack, Charles Samuel, A.B. 1879 . . 
Mack, Henry W., LL.B. 1884 . . . 
Mackay, William, A.B. 1855 .... 
McKeever, Henry Francis, LL.B. 1871 
McKelvey, John Jay, A.B. 1881, Oherlin 
McKenzie, Alexander, A.B. 1859 . . 
McKim, Haslett, Jr., A.B. 1866 . . . 
Mackintosh, William Davis, A.B. 1869 
McLennan, Francis, A.B. 1879 . . . 
Macvane, Silas Marcus, A.B. 1873 . . 
MacVeagh, Charles, A.B. 1881 . . . 
Magoun, Thatcher, A.B. 1858 . . . 
Mahoney, John Francis, A.B. 1885 
Mallory, Frank Burr, A.B. 188(3 . . 
Mandell, Henry Fauntleroy, A.B. 1884 
Mann, George Combe, A.B. 1867 . . 
Manning, Leonard Jarvis, A.B. 1876 . 
Mansfield, Ex-Sumner, A B. 1868 . . 
Marden, Francis Alexander, A.B. 1833 
Marden, Orrison Swett, M.D. 1882 . . 
Mark, Edward Laurens, A.B. 1871, Univ 
Marsh, Francis, A.B. 1863 .... 
Marsh, Othniel Charles, A.B. Yale, 1860, 

of Palciiontology in Yale College 
Marsters, John Marshall, A.B. 1847 
Martin, Alfred Wilhelm, D.B. 1885 
Martin, Austin Agnew, A.B. 1873 . 
Mason, Amos Lawrence, A.B. 1863 
Mason, Atherton Perry, A.B. 1879 . 
Mason, Charles, A.B. 1834 . . . 
Mason, Charles Frank, A.B. 1882 . 
Mason, Harry White, A.B. 1878 . 
Mason, John James, A.B. 1866 . . 
Mason, William Castein, A.B. 1874 
Mason, William Powell, A.B. 1856 
Matthews, Albert, A.B. 1882 . . 
Matthews, Nathan 



1881) 



Mich 



ofessor 



Salem. 

Cambridge. 

Shirley. 

Greenfield. 

St. Andrews, N.B. 

Wareham. 

Salem. 

Baltimore, Md. 

Maiden. 

Roxbury. 

Wollaston Heights. 

Cincinnati, O. 

Boston. 

Dakota Flats, N.Y. 

Cambridge. 

Boston. 

Sandusky, O. 

Cambridge. 

Navesink, N.J. 

Arlington Heights. 

Montreal, Can. 

Cambridge. 

New York, N.Y. 

Boston. 

Waltham. 

Cleveland, O. 

Boston. 

Jamaica Plain. 

College Hill. 

Brookline. 

Stamford, Ct. 

Boston. 

Cambridge. 

Dedham. 

New Haven, Ct. 
North Cambridge. 
Montreal, Can. 
Boston. 
Boston. 
Fitchburg. 
Fitchburg. 
Revere. 

Newton Centre. 
Newport, R.I, 
Bangor, Me. 
Walpole, N.H. 
Boston. 
Boston. 



I 



REGISTRATION. 359 

Matthews, Nathan, Jr., A.B. 1875 Boston. 

May, Henry Farnhara, A.B. 1881 Boston. 

May, James Riindlet, A.B. 1861 Portsmouth, N.H. 

May, Samuel, A.B. 1829 Leicester. 

Mead, Julian Augustus, A.B. 1878 Watertown. 

Melledge, James Harold, A.B. 1881 Lawrence. 

Melledge, Robert Job, A.B. 1877 Cambridge. 

Memminger, Robert AVithers, A B. 1859 .... Charleston, S.C. 

Meriara, Horatio Cook, D.M.D. 1874 Salem. 

Merriara, Frank, A.B. 1871 Boston. 

Merriam, John McKinstry, A.B. 1886 .... South Framingham. 

Merrill, Moses, A.B. 1856 Boston. 

Merritt, Edward Percival, A.B. 1882 Boston. 

Metcalf, Eliab Wight, A.B. 1859 North Cambridge. 

Metcalf, Simeon McCausland, M.D. 1881 . . . Los Angeles, Cal. 

Me'tivier, James, A.B. 1877 Cambridge. 

Meyer, George von Lengerke, A.B. 1879 .... Boston. 

Mifflin, George Harrison, A.B. 1865 Boston. 

Millingen, Alexander van, M.A., Edinburgh, Scot- 
land, Professor in Rohert College Constantinople, Tur. 

Mills, Arthur, A.B. 1872 Brookline. 

Mills, Ezra Palmer, A.B. 1885 New York, N.Y. 

Mills, Hiram Roberts, A.B. 1876 Hartford, Ct. 

]\Iilton, Henry Slade, A.B. 1875 Waltham. 

Minot, Charles Henry, Jr., A.B. 1886 Boston. 

]\linot, Charles Sedgwick, S.D. 1878 Boston. 

Minot, George Richards, A.B. 1871 Boston. 

Minot, Robert Sedgwick, A.B. 1877 Jamaica Plain. 

Mitchell, Charles Andrews, A.B. 1881 .... Concord, N.H. 

Mitchell, James William, A.B. 1879 ...'.. Boston. 

Mitchell, Silas AVeir, 1850, Univ. Pennsylvania . . Philadelphia, Pa. 

Mitchell, Walter, A.B. 1846 New York, N.Y. 

Mixter, George, A.B. 18G3 Boston. 

Mixter, Samuel Jason, M.D. 1879 Boston. 

Monks, George Howard, A.B. 1875 Boston. 

Monroe, William Ingalls, A.B. 1879 Boston (Highlands). 

Montague, Frnzer Livingston, A.B. 1884 . . . Chelsea. 

Montague, Henry AVatmough, A.B. 1878 . . . Chelsea. 

Montgomery, William, Jr., A.B. 1867 .... New York, N.Y. 

Moore, Edward Cook, Jr., A.B. 1878 Yonkers, N.Y. 

Moors, Arthur Wendell, A B 1880 Boston. 

Moors, Francis Joseph, A.B. 1886 Boston. 

Moors, John Farwell, A.B. 1842 Greenfield. 

Moors, John Farwell, A.B. 1883 Boston. 

Morgan, Charles, A.B. 1880 Bordentown, N.J. 

Morgan, MoitIs Hicky, A B. 1881 Cambridge. 

Morison, George Burnap, A.B. 1883 Boston. 

Morison, George Shattuck, A.B, 1863 New York, N.Y. 

Morison, John Holmes, A.B. 1878 Boston. 



360 



REGISTRATION. 



Morison, John Hopkins, A.B 1831 . 
Morison, Robert Swain, A.B. 1869 
Morison, Samuel Lord, A.B. 1873 
Morong, Arthur Bennett, M.D. 187 
Morrell, George Dallas, A.B. 1877 
Morrill, George, A.B. 1846 . . 
Morris, Alfred Hennen, A.B. 1885 
Morris, George Patrick, A.B. 1883 
Morris, John Gavin, A.B. 1879 . 
Morris, William Radcliff, A.B. 1877 
Morse, Charles Francis, A.B. 1883 
Morse, Edwin Wilson, A.B. 1878 
Morse, Godfrey, A.B. 1870 . . 
Morse, Henry Lee, A.B. 1874 
Morse, Robert McNeil, A.B. 1857 
Morse, William Lambert, A.B. 1874 
Morse, AVilliam Russell, A.B. 1876 
Morss, Charles Henry, A.B. 1880 . 
Morss, John Wells, A.B. 1884 . . 
Morton, Johnson, A.B. 1886 . . . 
Motley, George Storer, A.B. 1879 . 
Motte, Ellis Loring, A.B. 1859 . . 
Mullen, Thomas Aloysius, A B. 1884 
MuUett, Alfred Edgar, D.B. 1873 . 
Mumford, James Gregory, A.B. 1885 
Mumford, William Woolsey, A.B. 1884 
Munro, John Cummings, A.B. 1881 
Munroe, Charles Edward, S.B. 1871 
Munroe, Charles William, A.B. 1847 
Munroe, Nathan Watson, A.B. 1830 
Munroe, William Adams, A.B. 1864 
Murkland, Charles Sumner, D.B. 1883 
Murphy, William Stanislaus, A.B. 188. 
Murray, John Archibald, A.B. 1878 
Muzzey, Artemas Bowers, A.B. 1824 
Muzzey, David Patterson, D.B. 1869 
Myers, James Jefferson, A.B. 1869 

Nash, Bennett Hubbard, A.B. 1856 
Nash, George Miner, A.B. 1877 . . 
Nash, Henry Sylvester, A.B. 1878 . 
Nash, Nathaniel Gushing, A.B. 1884 
Nason, Rufus William, A.B. 1873 . 
Neal, George Benjamin, A.B. 1846 
Nelson, Edward Beverly, A.B. 1873 
Nelson, Henry David, A B. 1884 . 
Nelson, Thomas, A.B. 1866 . . . 
Nesmith, Joseph Aaron, A.B. 1881 
Nesmith, Thomas, A.B. 1871 . . 



Boston. 

Cambridge. 

New York, N.Y. 

Boston. 

Philadelphia, Pa. 

Boston. 

West Chester, N.Y. 

South Boston. 

South Boston. 

Omaha, Neb. 

Boston. 

New York, N.Y. 

Boston. 

Boston. 

Jamaica Plain. 

Marlborough. 

Roxbury. 

Portsmouth, N.H 

Boston. 

Pawtucket, R.I. 

Lowell. 

Boston. 

South Boston. 

Charlestown. 

Rochester, N.Y. 

New York, N.Y. 

Lexington. 

Newport, R.I. 

Cambridge. 

Greenfield. 

Boston. 

Manchester, N.H. 

Boston. 

New York, N.Y. 

Cambridge. 

Cambridgeport. 

Cambridge. 

Boston. 

Everett. 

Cambridge. 

Cambridge. 

Boston. 

Charlestown. 

Rome, N.Y. 

Milford. 

Boston. 

Lowell. 

Lowell. 



REGISTRATION". 361 

Xewcomb, Simon, S.B. 1858 "Washington, DC. 

Newell, Otis Kimball, M D. 1882 Boston. 

Newell, Samuel, A.B. 1857 Great Barrington. 

Newell, William Wells, A.B. 1859 Cambridge. 

Newhall, Herbert William, A.B. 1879 .... Lynn. 

Newhall, John Breed, A.B. 1885 Lynn. 

Nichols, Arthur Howard, A.B. 1862 Boston. 

Nichols, Benjamin White, A.B. 1842 Boston. 

Nichols, Charles Corbett, A.B. 1883 Everett. 

Nichols, Edgar Hamilton, A.B. 1878 Cambridge. 

Nichols, Frederick, A.B. 1883 Boston. 

Nichols, Frederick Spelman, A.B. 1849 .... Boston. 

Nichols, George Henry, A.B. 1833 Boston. 

Nichols, Harry Peirce, A.B. 1871 New Haven, Ct. 

Nichols, Henry Oilman, A.B. 1877 Boston, 

Nichols, John Loring, A.B. 1879 Soraerville. 

Nichols, John Taylor Oilman, A.B. 1836 . . . Saco, Me. 

Nichols, John Taylor Oilman, M.D. 1859 . . . Cambridge. 

Nichols, Seth, A.B. 1885 Boston. 

Nichols, William Ichabod, A.B. 1874 Littleton. 

Nickerson, George Augustus, A.B. 1876 .... Boston. 

Noble, George Washington Copp, A.B. 1858 . . Cambridge. 

Noble, John, A.B. 1850 Roxbury. 

Nolen, William Whiting, A.B. 1884 Philadelphia, Pa. 

Noonan, John Andrew, A.B. 1884 South Boston. 

Norcro.s.s, Orenville Howland, A.B. 1875 .... Boston. 

Norcross, Otis, A.B. 1870 Boston. 

Norris, Albert Lane, M.D. 1865 Cambridge. 

Norris, Samuel, Jr., A.B. 1883 Bristol, R.I. 

Norton, Charles Eliot, A.B. 1846 Cambridge. 

Norton, Eliot, A.B. 1885 Cambridge. 

Noyes, Charles, A.B. 1856 North Andover. 

Noyes, Edward Isaac Kimbal, A.B. 1885 . . . Cambridge. 

Noyes, Ernest Henry, M.D. 1880 Boston. 

Noyes, George Dana, A.B. 1851 Brookline. 

Noyes, James Atkins, A.B. 1883 Brooklyn, N.Y. 

Noyes, Samuel Bradley, A.B. 1844 Canton. 

Noyes, William, A.B. 1881 New York, N.Y. 

Nunn, Charles Peirce, A.B. 1879 Lexington. 

Nutter, George Read, A.B. 1885 Boston. 

O'Brien, Hon. Hugh, Mayor of Boston .... Boston. 
O'Brien, Hon. John Bernard, Sheriff of Suffolk 

County Boston. 

Okakura, Kakuyo, Tokio University Tokio, Japan. 

O'Keefe, John Aloysius, A.B. 1880 Lynn. 

Oliver, Henry Kemble, A.B. 1852 Boston. 

Olmstead, James Monroe, A.B. 1873 Boston. 

Olmsted, Frederick Law, A.M. 1864 Brookline. 



362 



REGISTRATION. 



Olney, George Washington, LL.B. 1855 
Olney, Peter Butler, A.B. 1861 . . 
Orcutt, William Hunter, A.B. 1869 
Ordronaux, John, LL.B. 1852 . . 
Ordway, Herbert LigersoU, A.B. 1873 
Osborne, Louis Shreve, A.B. 1873 . 
Osborne, Thomas Mott, A.B. 1884 . 
Osgood, Edmund Quincy Sewall, A.B. 1875 
Osgood, George, D.B. 1847 . . 
Osgood, George Laurie, A B. 1866 
Osgood, Henry Blanchard, A.B. 1878 
Osgood, Joseph Barlow Felt, A.B. 1846 
Osgood, William Fogg, A.B. 1886 . 
Otis, Charles Harrison, A.B. 1873 . 
Otis, Edward Osgood, A.B. 1871 . 

Otis, James, A.B. 1881 

Owen, Roscoe Palmer, AB. 1863 . 
Oxnard, Henry Ernest, A.B. 1886 . 

Page, Henry Deeley, A.B. 1878 . 

Page, Rolla Oscar, A.B. 1845 . . 

Page, William Hussey, Jr., A.B 1883 

Paine, James Leonard, A.B. 1881 . 

Paine, John Knowles, A.M. 1869 . 

Paine, Robert Treat, A.B. 1855 . . 

Palfray, Charles Warwick, A.B. 1835 

Palfrey, Cazneau, A.B. 1826 . . . 

Palmer, Charles Dana, A.B. 1868 . 

Palmer, Franklin Sawyer, A.B. 1886 

Palmer, George Herbert, A.B. 1804 

Palmer, Joseph Newell, A.B. 1886 . 

Palmer, William Henry, A.B. 1863 

Park, Edwards Amasa, A.M. 1844, S.T.D., Emer- 
itus Professor of Christian Theology at Andover 
Theological Seminary .... 

Park, John Gray, A.B. 1858 . . . 

Parker, Charles Henry, A.B. 1835 . 

Parker, Charles Pomeroy, A.B. 1876, Oxford 

Parker, Chauncey Goodrich, A.B. 1885 

Parker, Edmund" Morley, A.B. 1877 . 

Parker, George Howard 

Parker, Henry Ainsworth, A.B. 1864 . 

Parker, Henry Boynton, A.B. 1867 

Parker, James Cutler Dunn, A.B. 1848 

Parker, W. Stevens, A.B. 18.50 . . . 

Parker, Wilbur Bates, D.M.D. 1875 . 

Parkraan, Charles McDonogh, A.B. 1846 

Parkman, Francis, A.B. 1844 . . . . 

Parkman, Henry, A.B. 1870 .... 



New York, N.Y. 

New York, N.Y. . 

Cambridgeport. 

Roslyn, N.Y. 

Newton Centre. 

Chicago, 111. 

Auburn, N.Y 

Grafton. 

Kensington, N.H. 

Cambridge. 

Roxbury. 

Salem. 

Milton. 

Brooklyn, N.Y. 

Boston. 

Roxbury. 

Boston. 

Portland, Me. 

Boston. 

Brooklyn, N.Y. 

New York, N.Y. 

Cambridge. 

Cambridge. 

Boston. 

Salem. 

Cambridge. 

Lowell. 

Roslindale. 

Cambridge. 

Cambridge. 

New York, N.Y. 



Andover. 

Worcester. 

Boston. 

Cambridge. 

Newark, N.J. 

Cambridge. 

Philadelphia, Pa. 

Cambridge. 

Oswego, N.Y. 

Brookline. 

Stonington, Ct. 

Boston. 

Rah way, N.J. 

Boston. 

Boston. 



REGISTRATION. 363 

Parks, Gorham, A.B. 1854 Albany, N.Y. 

Parmenter, Jiuiies Parker, A.B. 1881 Arlington. 

Parmeuter, William Ellison, A.B. 1836 .... Arlini^ton. 

Parrish, Samuel Longstreth, A.B. 1870 .... New York, N.Y. 

Parsons, Charles Chamicy, A.B. 1860 Hempstead, N.Y. 

Parsons, Charles William, A.B. 1840 Providence, R.I. 

Parsons, Theophilus, A.B. 1870 Brookline. 

Partridjie, George Fairbanks, A.B. 1885 .... Caryville. 

Paton. James Morton, A.B. 1881 Cambridge. 

Patten, Francis Bartlett, A.B. 1879 Roxbury. 

Patterson, George Herbert, LL.B. 1863 .... Providence, R.I. 

Patton, Jacob Cansler, A.B. 1877 Cambridge. 

Patton, John Sidney, A.B. 1874 AUston. 

Paul, Walter Everard, A.B. 1883 Auburn, Me. 

Paulding, James Kirke, A.B. 1885 Cold Spring, N.Y. 

Payne, James Henry, Jr. A.B. 1886 Boston. 

Payson, Edward Payson, LL.B. 1871 Boston. 

Peabody, Andrew Preston, A.B. 1826 Cambridge. 

Peabody, Francis Greenwood, A.B. 1869 .... Cambridge. 

Peabody, Joseph, A.B. 1844 Boston. 

Peabody, Robert Swain, A.B. 1866 Boston. 

Pearce, Edward Douglas, A.B. 1871 Providence, R I. 

Pearmain, Sumner Ba.ss, A.B. 1883 Boston. 

Pease, Theodore Claudius, A.B. 1875 Maiden. 

Peckham, William Gibbs, A.B. 1867 New York, N.Y. 

Peirce, Benjamin Osgood, A.B. 1876 Cambridge. 

Peirce, James Mills, A.B. 1853 Cambridge. 

Peirce, Joshua Rindge, A.B. 1851 Dorchester. 

Peirson, Edward Lawrence, A.B. 1884 .... Salem. 

Peirson, Horatio Perry, A.B. 1885 Salem. 

Pellew, George, A.B. 'l880 Boston. 

Penhallow, Charles Sherburne, A B. 1874 . . . Jamaica Plain. 

Pepper, George Dana Boardman, D.D., LL.D., 

President of Colby Unicersity Waterville, Me. 

Perkins, Edward Cranch, A.B. 1866 Milton. 

Perkins, Oilman Nichols, A.B. 1886 Rochester, N.Y. 

Perkins, John Walter, A.B. 1882 Hyde Park. 

Perkins, John Wright, A.B. 1865 South Byfield. 

Perkins, Maurice, A.M. 1865 Schenectady, N.Y. 

Pei-kins, Robert Patterson, A.B. 1884 Philadelphia, Pa. 

Perrin, Arthur, A.B. 1877 Cambridge. 

Perrin, Frank, D M.D. 1877 Cambridge. 

Perrin, Willard Taylor, A.B. 1870 Worcester. 

Perry, Frederick Gardiner, A.B. 1879 Weston. 

Perry, Herbert Mills, A.B. 1880 New Ipswich, N.H. 

Perry, Oscar Edward, A.B. 1883 "Worcester. 

Peters, Christian Henry Frederick, Ph D. Berlin, 
1836, Professor of Astronomy, Director of Ob- 
servatory, Hamilton College Clinton, N.Y. 



364 



REGISTRATION. 



Peterson, Ellis, A.B. 1853 Jamaica Plain. 

Peterson, Reuben, A.B. 1885 East Boston. 

Pevey, Gilbert Abiel Abbott, A.B. 1873 .... Cambridge. 

Pfeiffer, Oscar Joseph, M.D. 1884 Denver, Col. 

Phelps, Francis, A.B. 1837 Boston. 

Philbrick, Edward Southwick, A.B. 1846 . . . Brookline. 

Philbrick, William Dean, A.B. 1855 Newton Centre. 

Phillips, Walter Brigham, A.B. 1886 Boston. 

Phillips, Willard Quincy, A.B. 1855 Paris, France. 

Phippen, Hardy, A.B. 1884 Salem. 

Pickering, Arthur Howard, A.B. 1874 Roxbury. 

Pickering, Edward Charles, S.B. 1865 .... Cambridge. 

Pickering, Henry, A.B. 1861 Boston. 

Pickering, Henry Goddard, A.B. 1869 .... Boston. 

Pickman, Dudley Leavitt, A.B. 1873 Boston. 

Pierce, Edward Lillie, LL.B. 1852 Milton. 

Pierce, Edward Peter, LL.B. 1877 Fitchburg. 

Pierce, George Winslow, A.B. 1864 ..... Boston. 

Pike, Robert Gordon, A.B. 1843 Middletown, Ct. 

Pilsbury, Ernest Henry, A.B. 1880 Brooklyn, N.Y. 

Pine, George Stevenson, A.B. 1876 Roxbury. 

Pingree, David, A.B. 1863 Salem. 

Pinney, George Miller, Jr., A.B. 1878. .... New York, N.Y. 

Piper, George Fiske, D.B. 1862 Bedford. 

Piper, George Frederick, A.B. 1867 Cambridge. 

Piper, William Taggard, A.B. 1874 Cambridge. 

Pitkin, Charles Alfred, A.B. 1873 Braintree. 

Playfair, Rt. Hon. Sir Lyon, MP., Delegate from 

Edinburgh University London, Eng. 

Pollard, Alonzo Wilder, A.B. 1883 Roxbury. 

Poole, Jerome Bonaparte, A.B. 1867 Rockland. 

Poor, Albert, A.B. 1879 Boston. 

Porter, Charles Burnham, A.B. 1862 Boston. 

Porter, Edward Griffin, A.B. 1858 Lexington. 

Potter, Silas Allen, A.B. 1876 Roxbury. 

Potter, William Henry, A.B. 1878 Roxbury. 

Potter, William James, A.B. 1854 New Bedford. 

Pousland, Charles Fitz, A.B. 1872 Salem. 

Powell, John Wesley, Director U. S. Geol. Survey Washington, D.C. 

Pratt, Charles Augustus, A.B. 1886 East Somerville. 

Pratt, Frank Gustine, A.B. 1884 Keene, N.H. 

Pratt, George Greenleaf, A.B. 1866 Boston. 

Preble, Henry, A.B. 1875 Portland, Me. 

Preble, Wallace, A.B. 1879 Cambridge. 

Preble, William Pitt, LL.B. 1843 Portland, Me. 

Prentiss, Henry Conant, A.B. 1854 Roxbury. 

Prentiss, John, A.B. 1884 Keene, N.H. 

Presbrey, Palmer Ellis, A.B. 1885 Cambridge. 

Presbrey, Silas Dean, A.B. 1860 Taunton. 



REGISTRATION. 365 

Preston, Frank Whipple, S.B. 1858 New Ipswich, N.H. 

Preston, James Faulkner, A.B. 1883 Boston. 

Preston, John, A.B. 1882 New Ipswich, N.H. 

Preston, William Arthur, A.B. 1854 New Ipswich, N.H. 

Priest, George Eaton, A.B. 1862 Watertown. 

Prince, Morton Henry, A.B. 1875 Boston. 

Proctor, Thomas Parker, A.B. 1854 Boston. 

Pudor, Gustav Adolph, A.B. 1886 Portland, Me. 

Putnam, Alfred Porter, D.B. 1855 Concord. 

Putnam, Allen, A B. 1825 Boston. 

Putnam, Charles Pickering, A.B. 1865 .... Boston. 

Putnam, George, A.B. 1854 Cambridge. 

Putnam, Henry Ware, A.B. 1869 Roxbury. 

Putnam, Herbert, A.B. 1883 Minneapolis, Minn. 

Putnam, James Jackson, A.B. 1866 Boston. 

Putnam, William Lowell, A.B. 1882 Boston. 

QuiNCY, Henry Parker, A.B. 1862 Dedham. 

Quincy, Josiah, A B. 1880 Quincy. 

Quincy, Josiah Phillips, A.B. 1850 Quincy. 

Quincy, Samuel Miller, A.B. 1852 Boston. 

Rand, Benjamin, A.B. 1879 Canning, N.S. 

Rand, Edward Lathrop, A.B. 1881 Cambridge. 

Randall, Charles Lawrence, M.D. 1872 .... Brighton. 

Randall, Samuel Haskell, LL.B. 1859 New York, N.Y. 

Rankin, Edward Everett, A.B. 1886 Deerfield. 

Ranlet, Charles, A.B. 1883 Holyoke. 

Ranlett, David Dodge, A.B. 1857 St. Albans, Vt. 

Ranlett, Frederick Jordan, A.B. 1880 Auburndale. 

Rantoul, Robert Samuel, A.B. 18.53 Salem. 

Rathbone, John Henry, A.B. 1886 Albany, N.Y. 

Rawle, Francis, A.B. 1869 Germantown, Phila., Pa. 

Raymond, Manley Amsden, A.B. 1875 New York, N.Y. 

Read, Charles Coolidge, A.B. 1864 Cambridge. 

Read, Edward, A.B. 1869 Cambridge. 

Read, John, A.B. 1862 Cambridge. 

Read, Nathaniel Goodwin, A B. 1871 Cambridge. 

Reeby, William Henry, D.B. 1876 Harvard. 

Reed, Arthur, A.B. 1862 Boston. 

Reed, Charles Montijomery, LL.B. 1870 .... Boston. 

Reed, Frederick, A.B. 1881 Boston. 

Reed, James, A B. 1855 Boston. 

Reed, Joseph Wheeler, A.B. 1867 Maynard. 

Reed, Milton, A.B. 1868 Fall River. 

Renouf, Edward Augustus, A.B. 1838 .... Keene, N.H. 

Reynolds, John, A.B. 1871 Brooklyn, N.Y. 

Reynolds, John Phillips, A.B. 1815 Boston. 

Reynolds, Thomas Walter, A.B. 1886 Brooklyn, N.Y. 



366 REGISTRATION. 

Rice, Alexander Hamilton, LL.D. 1876 .... Boston. 

Rice, Nathan Payson, A.B. 1849 New York, N.Y. 

Rich, James Rogers, A.B. 1870 Boston. 

Richards, Henry Augustus, A.B. 1886 .... Weymouth. 

Richards, Theodore William, A.B. 1886 .... Sadsburyville, Pa. 

Richards, William Phillips, A B. 1870 .... West Somerville. 

Richards, William Reuben, A.B. 1874 .... Boston. 

Richards, William Whitlock, A.B. 1868 .... New York, N.Y. 

Richardson, Daniel Merchant, A.B. 1883 .... Lowell. 

Richardson, Daniel Samuel, A.B. 1836 .... Lowell. 

Richardson, Hazen Kimball, A.B. 1886 .... Middleton. 

Richardson, Herbert Augustus, A.B. 1882 . . . South Framingham. 

Richardson, Homer Bartlett, A.B. 1875 .... New York, N.Y. 

Richardson, Horace, A.B. 1852 Boston. 

Richardson, Maurice Howe, A.B. 1873 .... Boston. 

Richardson, Myron Wallace, A.B. 1886 .... Wilmington. 

Richardson, William King, A.B. 1880 Boston. 

Richardson, William Lambert, A.B. 1864 . . . Boston. 

Richardson, William Minard, A.B. 1879 .... Cambridge. 

Ricketson, John Howland, A.B. 1859 Pittsburg, Pa. 

Riddle, George, A.B. 1874 Cambridge. 

Ripley, Fred Jerome, M.D. 1883 Brockton. 

Ritchie, John, A.B. 1861 Boston. 

Rives, Arthur Landon, A.B. 1874 Newport, R.I. 

Rives, Francis Robert, A.M. 1841, University of 

Virginia New York, N.Y. 

Rix, Francis Reader, A.B. 1875 Lowell. 

Robbins, Elliott Daniel, M.D. 1879 Charlestown. 

Roberts, Herbert Howard, A.B. 1878 Reading. 

Roberts, Odin Barnes, A.B. 1886 Boston. 

Roberts, Walter Hill, A.B. 1877 Melrose. 

Roberts, Waters Dewees, A.B. 1885 Riverton, N.J. 

Robeson, William Rotch, A.B. 1835 Lenox. 

Robins, Edward Blake, A.B. 1864 Boston. 

Robinson, Charles Prosser, A.B. 1885 .... Parker's Landing, Pa. 

Robinson, Edward, A.B. 1879 Boston. 

Robinson, Ezekiel Oilman, D.D.j'LL.'D., President 

of Brown University Providence, R.I. 

Robinson, Frank Walcott, A.B. 1870 Jamaica Plain. 

Robinson, George Dexter, A.B. 1856, Governor of 

Massachusetts Chicopee. 

Robinson, Nelson Lemuel, A.B. 1881 Canton, N.Y. 

Robinson, Warren Merton, A.B. 1878 .... Lynn. 

Roby, Eben Willard, A.B. 1877 New York, N.Y. 

Rodman, Samuel William, A.B. 1834 .... Burlington. 

Rogers, Edmund Law, A.B. 1839 Baltimore, Md. 

Rogers, Henry Bromfield, A.B. 1822 Boston. 

Rogers, Henry Munroe, A.B. 1862 Boston. 

Rogers, Isaac Lothrop, A.B. 1881 New York, NY. 



REGISTRATION. 367 

Rolfe, William James, A.M. 1859 Cambridge. 

Rollins, Eben William, A.B. 1841 Boston. 

Rollins, Frank Waldron, A.B. 1877 Abington. 

Rollins, William Henry, A.B. 1841 Portsmouth, N.H. 

Ropes, John Codman, A.B. 1857 Boston. 

Ropes, William Ladd, A.B. 1846 Andover. 

Rotch, Arthur, A.B. 1871 Boston. 

Rotch, Morgan, A.B. 1871 New Bedford. 

Rotch, Thomas Morgan, A.B. 1870 Boston. 

Rotch, William, A.B. 1865 Boston. 

Rotch, William James, A.B. 1838 New Bedford. 

Rousmaniere, Edmund Swett, A.B. 1883 . . . Pontiac, R.I. 

Royce, Josiah, A.B. 1875, University of California Cambridge. 

Ruddick, William Henderson, M.D. 1868 . . . South Boston. 

Ruggles, John, A.B. 1836 Brookline. 

Rumrill, James Augustus, A.B. 1859 Spi-ingfield. 

Russell, Charles Francis, D.B. 1884 Weston. 

Russell, Charles Howland, A.B. 1872 .... New York, N.Y. 

Russell, Charles Theodore, A.B. 1837 .... Cambridge. 

Russell, Charles Theodore, Jr., A.B. 1873 . . . Boston. 

Russell, Edward Baldwin, A.B. 1872 Boston. 

Russell, Elliott, A.B. 1848 Boston. 

Russell, Eugene Dexter, A.B. 1880 Wakefield. 

Russell, Francis Henry, A.B. 1853 Brookline. 

Russell, Henry Sturgis, A.B. 1860 Milton. 

Russell, John, A.B. 1882 Plymouth. 

Russell, LeBaron, A.B. 1832 Boston. 

Russell, Thomas Hastings, A.B. 1843 .... Boston. 
Russell, William Eustis, A.B. 1877, Mayor of 

Cambridge Cambridge. 

Safford, Nathaniel Morton, A.B. 1869 .... Milton. 

Salisbury, Edward Elbridge, A.M., LL.D., Ex- 
Professor of Arabic and Sanskrit at Yale Col- 
lege New Haven, Ct. 

Salisbury, Henry Edward, A.B. 1886 New York, N.Y. 

Salisbury, Stephen, A.B. 1856 Worcester. 

Saltonstall, Leverett, A.B. 1844 Chestnut Hill. 

Saltonstall, Richard Middlecott, A.B. 1880 . , . Chestnut Hill. 

Sampson, Alden, A.B. 1876 New York, N.Y. 

Sampson, Calvin Proctor, A.B. 1874 Charlestown. 

Sampson, Junius, A.B. 1871 New Iberia, La. 

Sanborn, Franklin Benjamin, A.B. 1855 . . . Concord. 

Sanborn, Thomas Parker, A.B. 1886 Springfield. 

Sanborn, William Delano, A.B. 1871 Winchester. 

Sanderson, Robert Cambridge. 

Sanford, Edward Terry, A.B. 1885 Knoxville, Tenn. 

Sanger, Chester Franklin, A.B. 1880 Cambridge. 

Sanger, George Partridge, A.B. 1840 Cambridge. 



368 



REGISTRATION. 



Sanger, George Partridge, Jr., A.B. 1874 
Sanger, Johu*" White, A.B. 1870 
Sanger, Sabin Pond, A.B. 1883 . . 
Sargent, Charles Sprague, A.B. 1862 
Sargent, Dudley Allen, Bawdoin, 1875 
Sargent, Edwin Lawrence, A.B. 18G8 
Sargent, George Aniory, A.B. 1876 
Sargent, John Osborne, A.B. 1830 . 
Sargent, Joseph, A.B. 183i . . . 
Sargent, Lucius Manlius, A.B. 1870 
Saunders, Charles Gurley, A.B. 1867 
Saunders, Charles Robertson, A.B. 1884 
Saunders, AVilliam Elmer, A.B. 1871 
Savage, Charles Wesley, A.B. 1874 
Savage, Henry Wilson, A.B. 1880 . 
Savage, William Henry, Pastor of the First 

gregational Society of Watertoivn 
Savary, William Henry, D.B. 1860 
Sawin, Charles Austin, A.B. 1885 . 
Sawin, George William, A.B. 1884 
Sawtell, James Andrew, A.B. 1859 
Sawyer, Arthur Brown, A.B. 1885 . 
Sawyer, Fred Leland, A.B. 1883 . 
Sawyer, George Augustus, A.B. 1877 
Sawyer, George Carleton, A.B. 1855 
Schofield, William, A.B. 1879 . . 
Schouler, James, A.B. 1859 . . . 
Schurz, Carl, LL.D. 1875 .... 
Scott, Henry Edwards, A.B. 1881 . 
Scott, James Patterson, A.B. 1871 . 
Scudder, Samuel Hubbard, S.B. 1862 
Scudder, Winthrop Saltonstall, A.B. 1870 
Seamans, William Shepard, A.B. 1877 
Searle, Arthur, A.B. 1856 . . . 
Sears, Edmund Hamilton, A.B. 1874 
Sears, Henry Francis, A.B. 1883 
Sears, Philip Howes, A.B. 1844 . . 
Sears, Richard Dudley, A.B. 1883 . 
Seaver, Edwin Pliny, A.B, 1864 . 
Sedgwick, Henry Dwight, A.B. 1843 
Sewall, Samuel Edmund, A.B. 1817 
Seward, Josiah Lafayette, A.B. 1868 
Sexton, Lawrence Eugene, A.B. 1884 
Shackford, Charles Chauncy, A.B. 1835 
Shaler, Nathaniel Southgate, S.B. 1862 
Sharpies, Stephen Paschall, S.B. 1866 
Shattuck, Frederick Cheever, A.B. 1868 
Shattuck, George Brune, A.B. 1863 . 
Shattuck, George Cheyne, A.B. 1831 . 



Con- 



Boston . 

Cambridge. 

Boston. 

Brookline. 

Cambridge. 

Cambridge. 

Bo.ston. 

New York, N.Y. 

Worcester. 

Boston. 

Boston. 

Cambridge. 

Cambridge. 

Lowell. 

Boston. 



Watertown. 
South Boston. 
Cambridge. 
Cambridge. 
Newton. 
Chelsea. 
Cumberland Centre, Me. 
Cambridge. 
Utica, N.Y. 
Cambridge. 
Boston. 

New York, N.Y. 
Middlebury, Vt. 
Philadelphia, Pa. 
Cambridge. 
Brookline. 
New York, N.Y. 
Cambridge. 
Boston. 
Boston. 
Boston. 
Boston. 

Newton Highlands. 
New York,^N.Y. 
Melrose. 
Lowell. 

New York, N.Y. 
Brookline. 
Cambridge. 
Cambridge. 
Boston. 
Boston. 
Boston. 



REGISTRATION. 369 

Shattuck, George Otis, A.B. 1851 Boston. 

Shaw, Francis, A.B. 1875 New Braintree. 

Shaw, George Shattuck, A.B. 1849 Cambridge. 

Shaw, Harry Clay, A.B. 1884 Rockland. 

Shaw, Samuel Savage, A.B. 1853 Boston. 

Shea, Daniel William, A.B. 1886 Greenland, N.H. 

Sheafe, William, A.B. 1879 Boston. 

Sheldon, Edward Stevens, A.B. 1872 .... Cambridge. 

Shepard, Harvey Newton, A.B. 1871 Boston. 

Shepard, Luther Dimraick, D.M.D. 1879 . . . Dorchester. 

Sherburne, Edward Child, A.B. 1872 .... Boston. 

Sherman, Thomas Foster, A.B. 1877 .... Boston. 

Sherwin, Thomas, A.B. 1860 Jamaica Plain. 

Shorey, George Langdon, A.B. 1873 Lynn. 

Shurtleif, Hiram Smith, A.B. 1861 Dorchester. 

Shute, Charles Bailey, A.B. 1865 Maiden. 

Silsbee, Arthur Boardman, A.B. 1875 .... Boston. 

Silsbee, Nathaniel Devereux, A.B. 1852 .... Cohasset. 

Silsbee, William, A.B. 1832 Trenton, N.Y. 

Sim, Arthur Wesley, A.B. 1885 Salem. 

Sinies, Robert Fields, A.B. 1885 Portsmouth, N.H. 

Simmons, John Franklin, A.B. 1873 Abington. 

Simmons, Walter Willard, A.B. 1886 Allston. 

Simpkins, John, A.B. 1885 Yarmouth Port. 

Simpson, Frank Ernest, A.B. 1879 Boston. 

Sinclair, Albert Thomas, A.B. 1864 Boston. 

Sinclair, Alexander Doull, M.D. 18.57 Boston. 

Sinnott, Joseph Edward, A.B. 1886 Philadelphia, Pa. 

Skillings, William Edward, A.B. 1866 .... Bethel, Me. 

Slack, William Dudley, A.B. 1854 Pittsburg, Pa. 

Slade, Daniel Denison, A.B. 1844 Chestnut Hill. 

Slade, James Fulton, A.B. 1878 New York, N.Y. 

Slade, Marshall Perry, A.B. 1881 New York, N.Y. 

Slater, William Strutt, A.B. 1854 W^ebster. 

Sleeper, Frank Henry, A.B. 1876 West Newton. 

Slocum, William Henry, Jr., A.B. 188G .... Jamaica Plain. 

Smith, Charles Oilman, A.B. 1847 Chicago, 111. 

Smith, Clement Lawrence, A.B. 1863 .... Cambridge. 

Smith, Edward Irving, A.B. 1885 Lincoln. 

Smith, Edward Sutton, A.B. 1853 Boston. 

Smith, Ernest Charles, D.B. Bowdoin, 1884 . . . Cambridge. 

Smith, Frank Warren, A.B. 1886 Dorchester. 

Smith, Frank Webster, A.B. 1877 Westfield. 

Smith, Frederick Mears, A.B. 1880 Cambridge. 

Smith, Frederic Warren, A.B. 1879 Cambridge. 

Smith, George Williamson, D.D. President of Trin- 
ity College Hartford, Ct. 

Smith, Hamilton Irving, A.B. 1875 East Boston. 

Smith, Henry Augustus, LL.B. 1871 Roxbury. 

24 



370 



KEGISTRATIOK 



Smith, Henry St. John, A.B. 1872 . . . 

Smith, Herbert Massey, M.D.V. 1886 . 

Smith, James Beebe, A.B. 1883 . . . 

Smith, Jeremiah, A.B. 1866 

Smitli, Jonathan Jason, M.D. 1879 . . 

Smith, Nathaniel Stevens, A.B. 1869 

Smith, Ormond Gerald, A.B. 1883 . . . 

Smith, Robert Dickson, A.B. 1857 ... 

Smith, Robert Dickson Weston, A.B. 1886 

Smith, Samuel Francis, A.B. 1829 . . . 

Smith, Theophilus Gihnan, A.B. 1871 . 

Smith, Walter Bugbee, A.B. 1870 . . 

Smith, Walter Edward Clifton, A.B. 1883 

Smith, Willard Everett, A.B. 1879 . . 

Smith, William Christopher, A.B. 1885 . 

Smith, William Henry Leland, LL.B. 1848 

Smith, William Lord, A.B. 1886 . . . 

Smith, William Wharton, A.B. 1885 . . 

Smyth, Egbert Coffin, D.D., Professor of Ecclesi- 
aslical History in Andover Theological Semi- 
narij 

Snell, Arthur Lincoln, A.B. 1886 

Snow, Charles Armstrong, A.B. 1882 

Snow, George Andrew, A.B. 1885 

Snow, Herman, D.B. 1813 

Somerby, Samuel Ellsworth, A.B. 1879 .... 

Somers, George Burbank, A.B. 1886 

Soren, George Wales, A.B. 1854 

Soule, Charles Carroll, A.B. 1862 

Southworth, Robert Alexander, A.B. 1874 . . . 

Sowdon, Arthur John Clark, A.B. 1857 .... 

Spalding, George Frederick, A.B. 1882 .... 

Sparhawk, Clement Willis, M.D. 1884 .... 

Sparhawk, Edward Epps, A.B. 1878 

Spaulding, Henry George, A.B. 1860 

Spaulding, John, LL.B. 1850 

Spelman, Henry Munsou, A.B. 1884 

Spelman, Israel Munson, A.B. 1836 

Spooner, John Winthrop, A.B. 1867 

Sprague, Charles Franklin, A.B. 1879 .... 

Sprague, Edward Everett, A.B. 1868 

Sprague, Henry Harrison, A.B. 1864 

Sprague, Richard, A.B. 1881 

Sproat, James Crossman, A.B. 1871 

SpuUer, Eugene, A.B. 18.57, Dijon, Member of the 
French Chamber of Deputies 

Squire, John Adams, A.B. 1884 

Stackpole, Frederick Dabney, A.B. 1873 .... 

Stackpole, Joseph Lewis, A.B. 1857 



Portland, Me. 

Haverhill. 

Springfield. 

Dover, N.H. 

Boston. 

New York, N.Y. 

New York, N.Y. 

Boston. 

Boston. 

Newton Centre. 

Cambridge. 

Philadelphia, Pa. 

Boston. 

Boston. 

Chatham. 

Boston. 

Boston. 

Philadelphia, Pa. 



Andover. 
Lawrence- 
Boston. 
Cambridge. 
Cambridgeport. 
South Framinghara. 
San Francisco, Cal. 
New York, N.Y. 
Brookline. 
Charlestown. 
Boston. 
Brookline. 
West Roxbury. 
Roxbury. 
Newton. 
Boston. 
Cambridge. 
Cambridge. 
Hingham. 
Boston. 

New York, N.Y. 
Boston. 
Boston. 
Taunton. 



Paris, France. 
Arlington. 
Boston. 
Boston. 



REGISTRATION. 371 

Stacy, Melville, A.B. 18G7 Somerville. 

Standish, Myles, M.D. 1879 Boston. 

Stanton, Benjamin Irving, LL.B. 18S1 .... Albany, N.Y. 

Stanton, Jere Edmund, D.M.D. 1884 .... Boston. 

Stanton, Nathaniel Greene, M.D. 1866 .... Newport, R.I. 

Starbuck, Henry Pease, A.B. 1871 New York, N.Y. 

Starr, Benjamin Charles, A.B. 1877 Cleveland, O. 

Stearns, Charles Onslow, A.B. 1867 Boston. 

Stearns, Elijah Wyman, A.B. 1838 Bedford. 

Stearns, George Andrew, Jr. A.B. 1881 .... Worcester. 

Stearns, George Hermon, A.B. 1878 Mansfield. 

Stebbins, James Hervey, S.B. 1878 New York, N.Y. 

Stebbins, Richard, A.B. 1846 Omaha, Neb. 

Stebbins, Roderick, A.B. 1881 Milton. 

Stedman, Charles Ellery, A.B. 1852 Dorchester. 

Stetson, Edward, A.B. 1876 Bangor, Me. 

Stetson, Eliot Dawes, A.B. 1882 New Bedford, 

Stevens, Charles Herbert, A.B. 1882 Cambridge. 

Stevens, Charles Wistar, A.B. 1860 Charlestown. 

Stevens, Daniel Waldo, A.B. 1846 Vineyard Haven. 

Stevens, Edmund Horace, M.D. 18G7 Cambridge. 

Stevens, Edward Knights, A.B. 1882 Newport, R.I. 

Stevens, George Blanchard, A.B. 1886 .... Gloucester. 

Stevens, Henry James, A.B. 1857 North Andover. 

Stevens, AVilliam Stanford, A.B. 1880 .... Boston. 

Stewart, George Andrew, A.B. 1884 South Boston. 

Stewart, Samuel Barrett, D.B. 1862 Lynn. 

Stimson, Frederic Jesup, A.B. 1876 New York, N.Y. 

Stockbridge, John Calvin, D.D. 1859 Providence, R.I. 

Stocker, Alfred Augustus, M.D. 1852 .... Cambridge. 

Stoddard, Francis Russell, A.B. 18G6 Boston. 

Stoddard, William Prescott, A.B. 1866 . . . . Plymouth. 

Stone, Arthur Kingsbury, A.B. 1883 Framingham. 

Stone, Charles Wellington, A.B. 1874 .... Boston. 

Stone, Eben Francis, A.B. 1843 Newburyport. 

Stone, Edwin Palmer, A.B. 1874 Boston. 

Stone, Henry, D.B. 1860 South Boston. 

Stone, Lincoln Ripley, M.D. 1854 Newton. 

Stone, Livingston, A.B. 1857 Charlestown, N.H. 

Stone, Philip Sidney, A.B. 1872 Cambridge. 

Stone, Ralph, A.B. 1872 Buffalo, N.Y. 

Stone, Richard, A.B. 1861 Boston. 

Stone, William Abbott, A.B. 1886 Cambridge. 

Storer, John Humphreys, A.B. 1882 Boston. 

Storer, Malcolm, A.B. 1885 Newport, R.I. 

Storrow, Charles, A.B. 1861 Brookline. 

Storrow, Charles Storer, A.B. 1829 Boston. 

Storrow, .Tames Jackson, Jr., A.B. 1885 .... Boston. 

Stowell, George Leverettj A.B. 1871 Portsmouth, N.H. 



372 



REGISTRATION, 



Stratton, Charles Edwin, A.B. 1866 
Strong, Charles Pratt, A.B. 1876 . 
Stuart, Frederic William, A.B. 1881 
Studley, John Butler, A.B. 1881 . 
Sturgis, Richard Clipston, A.B. 1881 
Sturgis, Roger Faxton, A.B. 1884 . 
Sturgis, William Codman, A.B. 1884 
Sullivan, Cornelius Patrick, LL.B. 188.5 
Sullivan, Jeremiah Henry, LL.B. 1872 
Sullivan, William, A.B. 1878 . . . 
Sullivan, William Dunning, A.B. 1883 
Sumner, Allen Melancthon, S.B. 1865 
Suter, Hales Wallace, A.B. 1850 
Suter, John Wallace, A.B. 1881 . 
Sutro, Theodore, A.B. 1871 . . 
Sutton, Eben, Jr., A.B. 1885 . . 
Swaim, Joseph Skinner, A.B. 1873 
Swan, Charles Herbert, A.B. 1870 
Swan, William Willard, A.B. 1859 
Swayze, Francis Joseph, A.B. 1879 
Swift, Lindsay, A.B. 1877 . . , 
Swift, Robert, S.B. 1881 . . . 
Swift, William Nye, A.B. 1877 . , 
Swinburne, George Knowles, A.B. 1881 
Swinscoe, Henry Kirkland, A.B. 1885 
Sylvester, WiUiam Henry, A.B. 1879 . 

Taft, Charles Hutchins, A.B. 1881 . 
Taft, Stephen Swift, A.B. 1870 . . . 
Tallmadge, Hiram Ewers, A.B. 1854 . 
Tappan, Lewis William, A.B. 1860 . 
Tarbell, George Grosvenor, A.B. 1862 
Tarbell, John Parker, A.B. 1828 . . 
Taussig, Frank William, A.B. 1879 . 
Taylor, Arthur, A.B. 1880 .... 
Taylor, Charles, D.D., Master of St. John' 

Cambridge, England .... 
Taylor, Edward Randolph, S.B. 1868 . 
Taylor, Frank Hendrickson, A.B. 1877 
Taylor, Frederic AVeston, A.B. 1878 . 
Taylor, James Brainerd, A.B. 1867 
Taylor, John Bunker, M.D. 1847 . . 
Taylor, John Doe, A.B. 1849 . . . 
Taylor, Nelson, Jr., A.B. 1875 . . . 
Taylor, Percy Hayes, A.B. 1886 . . 
Temple, Frederick Henry, A.B. 1879 . 
Thacher, Thomas Chandler, A.B. 18S2 
Thayer, Albert Smith, A.B. 1875 , 
Thayer, Charles French, A.B. 1846 



College 



Boston. 

Boston. 

South Boston. 

Concord. 

Boston. 

Boston. 

Brookline. 

Boston. 

Cambridge. 

Boston. 

Somerville. 

Boston. 

Boston. 

Winchester. 

New York, N.Y. 

North Andover. 

Providence, R.L 

Boston. 

Brookline. 

Newton, N.J. 

West Roxbury. 

Boston. 

New Bedford. 

New York, N.Y. 

Clinton. 

Newtonville. 

Cambridge. 

Palmer. 

New York, N.Y. 

Milton. 

Boston. 

Boston. 

Cambridge. 

Boston. 

Cambridge, Eng. 

Cleveland, O. 

Philadelphia, Pa. 

North Cambridge. 

Newton. 

East Cambridge. 

New York, N.Y. 

South Norwalk, Ct. 

Cambridge. 

Charlestown. 

Boston. 

New York, N.Y. 

Boston. 



REGISTRATION. 373 

Thayer, James Bradley, A.B. 1852 Cambridge. 

Thayer, John Eliot, A.B. 1885 Lancaster. 

Thayer, Joseph Henry, A.B. 1850 Cambridge. 

Thayer, Nathaniel, A.B. 1871 Boston. 

Thayer, Nathaniel Niles, A.B. 1878 Boston. 

Thayer, William Sydney, A.B. 1885 Cambridge. 

Thissell, Joseph Abbott, M.D. 1885 Beverly. 

Thomas, Flavel Shurtleff, M.D. 1874 Hanson. 

Thomas, James Bom'ue Freeman, A.B. 18G0 . . Boston. 

Thomas, James Eames, A.B. 1879 Rockland. 

Thomas, Theodore New York, N.Y. 

Thomas, Washington Butcher, A.B. 1879 . . . Boston. 

Thompson, Albert Harris, A.B. 1873 Boston. 

Thompson, Charles Miner, A.B. 1886 .... Burlington, Vt. 

Thompson, John McQuaid, A.B. 188G .... Boston. 

Thompson, Lucian Bisbee, LL.B. 1867 .... Boston. 

Thorndike, Albert, A.B. 1881 Cambridge. 

Thorndike, Augustus, A.B. 1884 Brookline. 

Thorndike, Charles, A.B. 1854 Brookline. 

Thorndike, George Quincy, A.B. 1847 .... Boston. 

Thorndike, Samuel Lothrop, A.B. 1852 .... Cambridge. 

Thorp, Joseph Gilbert, Jr., A.B. 1879 .... Cambridge. 

Thurber, James Danforth, A.B. 1858 Plymouth. 

Thurlow, John Howard, M.D. 1881 Roxbury. 

Ticknor, Benjamin Holt, A.B. 1862 Boston. 

Ticknor, Howard Malcom, A.B. 1856 Jamaica Plain. 

Tiffany, Francis, A.B. 1847 West Newton. 

Tiffany, Francis Buchanan, A.B. 1877 .... Boston. 

Tiffany, William Shaw, A.B. 1845 Roxbury. 

Tileston, John Boies, A.B. 1855 Brookline. 

Tillinghast, William Hopkins, A.B. 1877 . . . Cambridge. 

Tilton, Edward James, A.B. 1885 Andover. 

Tomkins, Floyd Williams, Jr., A.B. 1872 . . . New York, N.Y. 

Tomlinson, George Samuel, A.B. 1863 .... Roxbury. 

Toppan, Robert Noxon, A.B. 1858 Cambridge. 

Torrey, Henry Warren, A.B. 1833 Cambridge. 

Tower, Augustus Clifford, A.B. 1877 New York, N.Y. 

Tower, Benjamin Lowell Merrill, A.B. 1869 . . Boston. 

Towne, Trueman Benjamin, LL.B. 1870 . . . Boston. 

Townsend, Charles Wendell, A.B. 1881 .... Boston. 
Townsend, Edward Mitchell, Jr., A.B. 1884 . . New York, N.Y. 

Townsend, Howard, A.B. 1880 New York, N.Y. 

Townsend, Stephen Van Rensselaer, A.B. 1882 . New York, N.Y. 
Toy, Crawford Howell, A.B., University of Virginia, 

1856 Cambridge. 

Trask, Jabez Nelson, A.B. 1862 New Salem. 

Trask, William Ropes, A.B. 1885 Cambridge. 

Treat, John Harvey, A.B. 1862 Lawrence. 

Treat, Samuel, A.B. 1837 St. Louis, Mo. 



374 



REGISTRATION. 



Trowbridge, John, S.B. 1806 .... 
Tubbs, Alfred Stewart, A.B. 1879 . . . 

Tuck, Henry, A.B. 18G3 

Tucker, Alauson, A.B. 1872 

Tucker, AVilliam Lawrence, A.B. 1865 
Tuckerraan, Gustavus, A.B. 1882 . . . 
Tuckerman, Leverett Saltonstall, A.B. 1868 

Tudor, Frederic, A.B. 1867 

Tufts, James Arthur, A.B. 1878 . . . 
Turner, Samuel Epes, A.B. 1869 . . . 
Turpin, Bradford Strong, A.B. 1880 . . 
Tuttle, William Henry Harrison, LL.B. 1877 
Tweed, Benjamin Franklin, A.M. 1853 . 
Twomblv, William Lance Dow, A.B. 1877 
Tyler, John Ford, A.B. 1877 .... 
Tyler, William Seymour, D.D., 1857, Profe 
Greek in Amherst College .... 

Underwood, Henry Oliver, A.B. 1879 . 
Underwood, Melvin Augustus, A.B. 1866 
Underwood, William Orison, A.B. 1884 . 
Upham, Henry Lauriston, D.M.D. 1886 . 
Upham, William Phineas, A.B. 1856 . . 
Upton, George Bruce, A.B. 1849 . . . 



1879 



Van Brunt, Henry, A.B. 1854 . . . 
Van Cleef, Frank Louis, A.B. 1885 . 
Van Duzer, Henry Sayre, A.B. 1875 . 
Van Nest, George Willett, A.B. 1874 . 
Van Rennselaer, William Bayard, A.B 
Van Slyck, Cyrus Manchester, LL.B. 1878 
Vaughan, Charles Everett, A.B. 1856 
Vaughau, Francis Wales, A.B. 1853 . . 
Vaughan, William W' arren, A. B. 1870 . 

Vaughn, John, A.B. 1879 

Viaux, Frederic Henry, A.B. 1870 . . 
Vickery, Herman Frank, A.B. 1878 . . 
Vinson, Cornelius Marchant, A.B. 1839 . 
Vinton, Charles Henry, A.B. 1878 . . . 



Wade, Wlnthrop Rowland, A.B. 1881 , 
Wadsworth, Alexander Fairfield, A.B. 1860 
Wadsworth, Charles David, A.B. 1867 
Wadsworth, Hiram Warren, A.B. 1885 . 
Wadsworth, Oliver Fairfield, A.B. 1860 . 
Wagar, Mars Edward, A.B. 1881 . . . 
Wait, William Gushing, A.B. 1882 . . 
AVaitt, Joseph Ellsworth, D.M.D. 1883 . 
Wakefield, John Lathrop, A.B. 1880 . . 
Walcott, Charles Folsom, A.B. 1857 . . 



of 



Cambridge. 

San Francisco, Cal. 

New York, N.Y. 

Boston. 

Boston. 

Plymouth. 

Salem. 

Boston. 

Exeter, N.II. 

Cambridge. 

Dorchester. 

Arlington. 

Cambridgeport. 

Watertowu. 

Boston. 

Amherst. 

Belmont. 

Dorchester. 

Boston. 

Boston. 

Salem. 

Boston. 

Cambridge. 

Wellington, O. 

New York, N.Y. 

New York, N.Y. 

Albany, N.Y. 

Providence, R.I. 

Cambridge. 

Cambridge. 

Boston, 

New York, N.Y. 

Boston. 

Boston. 

Boston. 

Boston. 

Boston. 

Boston. 

New York, N.Y. 

Cambridge. 

Boston. 

Cleveland, O. 

Med ford. 

Roxbury. 

Dedliam. 

Cambridge. 



REGISTRATION. 375 

Walcott, Charles Hosmer, A.B. 1870 Concord. 

Walcott, Henry Pickering, A.B. 1858 Cambridge. 

Waldo, Leonard, S.D. 1879 New Haven, Ct. 

AValdock, James, A.B. 18^5 Roxbury. 

Wales, Benjamin Read, A.B. 1863 Dorchester. 

Wales, Joseph Howe, A.B. 1861 Brookline. 

Walker, George, A.B. 1844 Portland, Me. 

Walker, Grant, A.B. 1873 Boston. 

Walker, Henry, A.B. 1855 Boston. 

Walker, James Putnam, A.B. 1861 Bangor, Me. 

Walker, John Baldwin, A.B. 1884 Boston. 

Wallace, Herbert Ingalls, A.B. 1877 Fitchburg. 

Ward, David Ilenshaw, A.B. 1853 Oakland, Cal. 

Ware, Charles, A.B. 1880 ^^ew York, N.Y. 

Ware, Charles Eliot, A.B. 1834 Boston. 

Ware, Charles Eliot, Jr., A.B. 1876 Fitchburg. 

Ware, Charles Pickard, A.B. 1862 Brookline. 

Ware, Darwin Erastus, A.B. 1852 Boston. 

Ware, George Washington, Jr., LL.B. 1861 . . Boston. 

Ware, Horace Everett, A.B. 1867 Milton. 

Ware, Loammi Goodenow, A.B. 1850 .... Burlington, Vt. 
Ware, Thornton Kirkland, A.B. 1842 .... Fitchburg. 

Ware, William Robert, A.B. 1852 New York, N.Y. 

Waring, William Henry, A.B. 1852 Brooklyn, N.Y. 

Warner, Henry Eldridge, A.B. 1882 Cambridge. 

Warner, Jo.seph Bangs, A.B. 1869 Cambridge. 

Warner, William Pearson, A.B. 1874 .... Cambridge. 

Warren, Charles Everett, A.B. 1880 Boston. 

Warren, Fiske, A.B. 1884 Boston. 

Warren, John Collins, A.B. 1863 Boston. 

Warren, Joseph Weatherhead, A.B. 1871 . . . Boston. 

W^arren, Winslow, A.B. 1858 Dedham. 

Warren, William Ross, A.B. 1883 New York, N.Y. 

Washburn, Ale.xander Calvin, A.B. 1839 . . . Norwood. 

Washburn, Alfred Foster, A.B. 1873 Cambridge. 

Washburn, Andrew, A.B. 1852 Hyde Park. 

Washburn, Charles Grenfill, A.B. 1880 .... Worcester. 

Washburn, Frank Booth, A.B. 1881 Boston. 

Washburn, John Bell, A.B. 1886 Plymouth. 

Washburn, John Davis, A.B. 1853 Worcester. 

Washburn, Philip Moen, A.B. 1882 Worcester. 

Waterhouse, Frank Shepard, LL.B. 1876 . . . Portland, Me. 

Waterman, Thomas, A.B. 1864 Boston. 

Waters, Henry Fitz-Gilbert, A.B. 1855 .... Salem. 

Waters, Thomas Franklin, A.B. 1872 .... Ipswich. 

Watson, Benjamin Marston, A.B. 1839 ..... Plymouth. 

Watson, Robert Clifford, A.B. 1869 Milton. 

Watson, William, S.B. 1857 Boston. 

Weaver Gerrit Elias Hambleton, A.B. 1884 . . Cambridge. 

Webb John Sidney, A.B. 1882 Washington, D.C. 



376 REGISTRATION. 

Webb, Nathan, A.B. 1846 Portland, Me. 

Webber, Alonzo Carter, M.D. 1849 Cambridge. 

Webster, liollis, A.B. 1884 Dorchester. 

Webster, Joseph Kowe, A.B. 1854 Uorchester. 

Weed, George Marston, A.B. 1886 Newton. 

Weed, George Standish, A.B. 1886 Plattsburgh, N.Y. 

Weld, Aaron Davis, Jr., A.B. 1853 Boston. 

Weld, Charles Stuart Faucheraud, A.B. 1863 . . Hyde Park. 

Weld, Christopher Minot, A.B. 1880 Boston. 

Weld, Francis Minot, A.B. 1860 New York, N.Y. 

Weld, George Walker, A.B. 1860 Boston. 

Weld, James Edward, A.B. 1882 New York, N.Y. 

Welling, Richard Ward Greene, A.B. 1880 . . . New York, N.Y. 

Wellington, James Lloyd, A.B. 1838 Swansea. 

Wellington, William Williamson, A.B. 1832 . . Cambridgeport. 

Wells, Benjamin Williams, A.B. 1884 .... Boston. 

Wells, Charles Luke, A.B. 1879 Gardiner, Me. 

Wells, Frank, A.B. 1864 Brookline. 

Wells, James Lee, M.D. 1883 Boston. 

Wells, John Doane, A.B. 1854 Cambridge. 

Wells, Stiles Gannett, A.B. 1886 Boston. 

Wendell, Barrett, A.B. 1877 Boston. 

Wendell, Evert Jansen, A.B. 1882 New York, N.Y. 

Wendell, Frank Thaxter, A.B. 1874 Boston. 

Wentworth, Alonzo Bond, LL.B. 1863 .... Dedham. 

Wentworth, Elmer Ellsworth, A.B. 1882 ... Chelsea. 

Wentworth, George Albert, A.B. 1858 .... Exeter, N.H. 

Wentworth, Samuel Hidden, A.B. 1858 . . . Boston. 

Wenzell, Henry Burleigh, A.B. 1875 St. Paul, Minn. 

Wesselhoeft, William Fessenden, A.B. 1884 . . Boston. 

West, Benjamin Hussey, A.B. 1835 Neponset. 

West, Edward Graeff, A.B. 1877 Roxbury. 

Weston, Melville Moore, A.B. 1870 Boston. 

Wetherbee, Albion Otis, A.B. 1885 Charlestown. 

Wetherbee, Roswell, M.D. 1882 Cambridgeport. 

Wetraore, Edmund, A.B. 1860 New York, N.Y. 

Wharton, William Fisher, A.B. 1870 Boston. 

Wheatland, George, A.B. 1824 Salem. 

Wheatland, Henry, A.B. 1832 Salem. 

Wheeler, Frank Sumner, A.B. 1872 Chicago, 111. 

Wheeler, Henry, A.B. 1878 Boston. 

Wheeler, Henry Nathan, A.B. 1871 Cambridge. 

Wheeler, Horace Leslie, A.B. 1881 Newton Centre. 

Wheeler, Increase Sumner, A.B. 1826 Framingham. 

Wheeler, Jesse Franklin, A.B. 1868 Boston. 

Wheeler, John Henry, A.B. 1871 .... University of Virginia, Va. 

Wheeler, Leonard, A.B. 1866 Worcester. 

Wheelock, George Rogers, A.B. 1873 Boston. 

Wheelwright, Andrew Cunningham, A.B. 1847 . Brookline. 

Wheelwright, Charles Chapin, A.B. 1885 . . . Roxbury. 



REGISTRATION. 377 

Wheelwright, Edmund March, A.B. 1876 . , . Jamaica Plain, 

Wheelwright, John Tyler, A.B. 1876 Boston. 

Wheelwright, Josiah, A.B. 1843 Boston. 

Whiston, Edward Andem, M.D. 1861 .... Newtonville. 

White, Charles Joyce, A.B. 1859 Cambridge. 

White, Franklin Davis, A.B. 1880 Milton. 

White, George Rantoul, A.B. 1886 Wellesley Hills, 

White, George Warner, A.B. 1874 Boston. 

White, James Clarke, A.B. 1853 Boston. 

White, John Allison, A.B. 1884 Williamsport, Pa. 

White, John Silas, A.B. 1870 New York, N.Y. 

White, John Williams, Ph.D. 1877 Cambridge. 

White, McDonald Ellis, A.B. 1885 Boston. 

White, Moses Perkins, A.B. 1872 Cambridge. 

White, William Augustus, A.B. 1863 New York, N.Y. 

White, William Howard, A.B. 1880 Brookline. 

AVhite, William Orne, A.B. 1840 Brookline. 

Whitehouse, Edward Lawrence, A.B. 1874 . . . Augusta, Me. 

Whiteside, Julian Lincoln, A.B. 1885 .... Lowell. 

Whiting, Charles Hoover, A.B. 1879 Boston. 

Whiting, Frederick Erwin, A.B. 1880 .... Auburndale. 

Whiting, Harold, A.B. 1877 Cambridge. 

Whiting, Isaac Spalding, A.B. 1882 Lexington. 

Whiting, John Eaton, A.B. 1862 Boston. 

Whitman, Crosby Church, A.B. 1886 Cambridge. 

Whitman, Edmund Allen, A.B. 1881 Cambridge. 

Whitman, George Luther, A.B. 1857 New York, N.Y. 

Whitney, Charles Leavitt Beals, A.B. 1871 . . . Brookline. 

Whitney, David Rice, A.B. 1818 Boston. 

Whitney, Edson Leone, A.B. 1885 Boston. 

Whitney, Henry Austin, A.B. 1846 Blue Hill. 

Whitney, Joseph Cutler, A.B. 1878 Milton. 

Whitney, Hon. William Collins, Secretary of the 

Navy Washington, D.C. 

Whitney, William Fiske, A.B. 1871 Boston. 

Whittemore, Charles Alexander, A.B. 1885 . . Cambridgeport. 

Whittemore, Fred Webster, M.D. 1878 .... Cambridgeport. 

Whittemore, George Henry, A.B. 1860 .... Cambridge. 

Whittemore, John Marshall, A.B. 1866 .... Cambridge. 

Whittier, Charles Albert, A.B. 1860 Boston. 

Whittier, Edward Newton, M.D. 1869 .... Boston. 

Whitwell, Frederick Silsbee, A.B. 1884 .... Boston. 

Wigglesworth, Edward, A.B. 1861 Boston. 

AVigglesworth, George, A.B. 1874 Boston, 

Wight, Daniel, A.B. 1837 Natick. 

Wigmore, John Henry, A.B. 1883 San Francisco, Cal. 

Wilbur, Hubert Granville, A.B. 1886 Fall River. 

Wilbur, Joshua Green, M.D. 1862 Brooklyn, N.Y. 

Wilder, Enos, A.B. 1865 Madi.son, N.J. 

Wilds, Judson Boardman, A.B. 1871 New York, N.Y. 



378 



REGISTRATIOX. 



Wilkinson, Alfred, A.B. 1880 . . . 
Willard, Joseph, A.B. 1855 .... 
Willard, Robert, A.B. 18G0 .... 
Williams, Charles Herbert, A.B. 1871 
Williams, David Weld, A.B. 1873 . . 
Williams, Francis Charles, A.B. 1843 
Williams, Francis Henry, M.D. 1877 . 
Williams, Francis Smith, A.B. 1881 . 
Williams, Francis Stanton, A.B. 1837 
Williams, George Henry, A.B. 1881 . 
Williams, Henry, A.B. 1837 .... 
Williams, Henry Bigelow, A.B. 1865 . 
Williams, Henry Jules, A.B. 1884 . . 
Williams, Henry Morland, A.B. 1885 
Williams, Henry Willard, M.D. 1849 . 
Williams, John Bertram, A.B. 1877 . 
Williams, John Davis. A.B. 1866 . . 
Williams, Otho Holland, Jr., A.B. 1880 
Williams, Pelham, A.B. 1853 . . . 
Williams, Rufus Phillips, A.M. 1878 . 
Williams, Sydney Augustus, A.B. 1858 
Williams, Theodore Chickering, A.B. 18 
Williams, William Hall, A.B.ls83 . 
Williamson, William Cross, A.B. 1852 
Williston, Samuel, A.B. 1882 . . . 
Willson, Edmund Russell, A.B. 1875 . 
Willson, Robert Wheeler, A.B. 1873 . 
Willson, Samuel Stearns, LL.B. 1865 
Wilson, Charles, D.M.D. 1870 . . . 
Wilson, Charles Abbot, A.B. 1886 . . 
Wilson, Daniel Munro, D.B. 1872 . . 
Wilson, Frank, LL.B. 1878 .... 
Wilson, John Brainerd, A.B. 1884 . . 
Wilson, John Thomas, LL.B. 1868 . 
Winkley, Henry William, A.B. 1881 . 
Winlock, George Lane, A.B. 1885 . . 
Winlock, William Crawford, A B. 1880 
Winn, William Adams, A.B. 1872 . . 
Winslow, John, LL.B. 1852 .... 
Winslow, Kenelm, S.B. 1883 . . . 
Winslow, Samuel Ellsworth, A.B. 1885 
Winslow, AVilliara Warren, A.B. 1885 
Winslow, Winthrop Church, A.B. 1883 
Winsor, Frederick, A.B. 1851 . . 
Winsor, Justin, A.B. 1853 . . . 
Winsor, Robert, A.B. 1880 . . . 
Winsor, Walter Thaxter, A.B. 1870 
Winthrop, Egerton Leigh, A.B. 1885 
Winthrop, John, A.B. 1863 . . . 
Winthrop, Robert Charles, A.B. 1828 



Syracuse, N.Y. 

Boston. 

Boston. 

Boston. 

Boston. 

Roxbury. 

Boston. 

New York, N.Y. 

Boston. 

Boston. 

Boston. 

Boston. 

Boston. 

Boston. 

Boston. 

Cambridge. 

Boston. 

Baltimore, Md. 

Troy, N.Y. 

Boston. 

Boston. 

New York, N.Y. 

Wakefield. 

Boston. 

Cambridge. 
Providence, R.I. 

Cambridge. 

Dedham. 
Boston. 

Washington, D.C. 
Quincy. 

Sanford, Me. 

Peabody. 

Winchester. 

St. Stephen, N.B. 

Cambridge. 

Washington, D.C. 

Arlington. 

Brooklyn, N.Y. 

Jamaica Plain. 

Worcester. 

Punxsutawney, Pa. 

Boston, 

Winchester. 

Cambridge. 

Weston. 

Brookline. 

New York, N.Y. 

Stockbridge, 

Boston. 



REGISTRATION. 379 

Wister Owen A B 18S2 . Philadelphia, Pa. 

Wiswell, Charles Henry, A.B. 1877 Cambrid-re. 

Withiiigton, Charles Francis, A.B. 1874 .... RoxburyT 

Withington, David Little, A.B. 1874 . . . . ' Newburvport 

Wolcott, Roger, A.B. 1870 , . . Boston 

Wolff, John Eliot, A.B. 1879 .....'.'." Cambridge. 

Wood, Alexander Morris, M.D. 1863 Somerville * 

Wood, Edward Stickney, A.B. 18G7 Cambridge. 

Wood, Frederic, LL.B. 1859 .' . Morristown, N.J. 

Wood, Horatio, Jr., A.B. 1857 Lowell. 

Wood, Stephen Blake, A.B. 1879 Arlino-ton, 

Wood, Stuart, Ph.D. 1875 " '. Philadelphia, Pa. 

Woodard, Charles Fuller, A.B. 1870 Bangor, Me. 

Woodberry, George Edward, A.B. 1877 .... Beverly. 

Woodbury, Arthur Henry, A.B. 1883 Beverly. 

Woodbury, Frederick Clinton, A.B. 1882 . . . Boston. 

Woodbury, George Whittemore, A.B. 1886. . . Gloucester. 

Woodbury, Gordon, A.B. 1886 New York, N.Y. 

Woodbury, John, A.B. 1880 Lynn. 

Woodbury, Ludovicus Augustus, M.D. 1872 . . Groveland. 

Woodman, Edward, A.B. 1877 Portland, Me. 

Woodman, George Sullivan, M.D. 1819 .... Newtonville. 

Woodman, Walter, A.B. 1875 Portland, Me. 

Woodruff, Thomas Tyson, LL.B. 1884 .... Boston. 

AVoods, Edward Franklin, A.B. 1885 Somerville. 

Woodward, Samuel Bayard, A.B. 1874 .... Worcester. 
Woodworth, Herbert Grafton, A.B. 1882 . . . Longwood. 

Worcester, Alfred, A.B. 1878 Waltham. 

Worcester, Joseph Ruggles, A.B. 1882 .... Waltham. 

Worthen, William Ezra, A.B. 1838 New York, N.Y. 

Wright, Edward Clarence, A.B. 1886 Cambridge. 

Wright, James Anderson, Jr., A.B. 1879 . . . New York, N.Y. 

Wright, James Edward, A.B. 1861 Montpelier, Vt. 

Wright, John Allen Collier, A.B. 1881 .... Rochester, N.Y. 

Wright, Merle St. Croix, A.B. 1881 Boston. 

Wyeth, Nathaniel Jarvis, A.B. 1850 . New Dorp, Staten Island, N.Y. 
Wyman, Alphonso Adelbert, A.B. 1883 .... West Acton. 

Wyman, Gerald, A.B. 1869 Boston. 

Wyman, John Palmer, Jr., A.B. 1874 .... Cambridgeport. 

Wyman, Louis Augustus, A.B. 1872 Lynn. 

Wyman, Morrill, A.B. 1833 Cambridge. 

Wyman, Samuel Edwin, A.B. 1874 Cambridge. 

YocoM, James Reed, A.B. 1885 . . . Richmond, Staten Island, N.Y. 

Young, Alexander, LL.B. 1862 Boston. 

Young, Edward James, A.B. 1848 Cambridge. 

Young, Ernest, A.B. 1873 Cambridge. 

Young, Samuel Lane, M.D. 1852 Cambridgeport. 



3477 
X273 



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